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Complete Nervous System Worksheet
Complete Nervous System Worksheet

... -Even though the polarity and membrane potential (voltage) of resting potential has been reestablished, The sodium and potassium ions are in the wrong places (eg. the sodium on the inside and the potassium on the outside). The Sodium/Potassium pumps re-establishes the resting potential configuration ...
New neurons retire early - The Gould Lab
New neurons retire early - The Gould Lab

... memory retrieval in both of the hippocampusdependent versions of these tasks, but only when the silenced cells were of a certain age. When Gu et al.9 investigated the effect of silencing new neurons that were either 2 or 8 weeks of age, they found no effect on spatial or context memory retrieval. Ho ...
PNS
PNS

... Mechanical energy ...
whisker outline.doc
whisker outline.doc

... excitatory and inhibitory cells in layers 2 and 3. By the way, since layers 2 and 3 are difficult to distinguish, usually they are grouped together as 2/3. This mainly columnar relay is largely due to the axonal organization. Most of the axons from excitatory neurons relate to the main column, as is ...
AUTONOMIC REFLEX - Semmelweis University
AUTONOMIC REFLEX - Semmelweis University

... Ascending tracts - SENSORY PATHWAYS ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 39.1 Locomotor activity rhythm of a
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 39.1 Locomotor activity rhythm of a

... FIGURE B39.3 Disorders of sleep timing in humans. The typical timing of sleep and wake is shown at the top of the figure. Below are double-plotted activity records of three individuals. Activity was recorded by a motion-sensitive wristwatch. Activity appears as vertical deflections in the records. I ...
Principles of Sensory Coding
Principles of Sensory Coding

... How are these attributes represented in the brain? Modality: the most basic mechanism for identifying the nature of a sensory input is via labeled lines. What this means is that input from the optic nerve is always interpreted by the brain as visual input etc. This extends to much finer discriminat ...
Afferent Synaptic Signaling
Afferent Synaptic Signaling

... EPSC’s are slower than Type I EPSC’s as shown by a comparison of the 10-90% rise times and time constants of decay, shown here. Type II EPSC’s are about twice as slow as Type I EPSC’s. Most notably, Type II events are much less frequent than Type I EPSC’s. They occur far less than once per second in ...
Reading Part 5: The Nervous System
Reading Part 5: The Nervous System

... Nervous System--overview One of the smallest, but most complex body systems.  Made of: ...
PID *****2515 1.Why is it difficult to understand olfactory neural
PID *****2515 1.Why is it difficult to understand olfactory neural

... multiple steps of olfactory processing. (p45). However, it is hard to classify receptors because it  is hard to know their exact function.   ...
Nervous System: Nervous Tissue (Chapter 12) Lecture Materials for
Nervous System: Nervous Tissue (Chapter 12) Lecture Materials for

... -postsynaptic cell receives message as ! ! neurotransmitter! Neurotransmitter = chemical, transmits signal ! ! from pre- to post- synaptic cell across ! ! synaptic cleft ! Synaptic knob = small, round, when ! ! postsynaptic cell is neuron, synapse on ! ! dendrite or soma! Synaptic terminal = complex ...
Chapter 12 - apsubiology.org
Chapter 12 - apsubiology.org

... Penetration of molecules from the blood into the brain is regulated by: ...
Review of the Pain Pathway
Review of the Pain Pathway

... Classic pain pathway is divided into 4 parts. ...
The Auditory Pathway: Transmission between Hair Cells and Eighth
The Auditory Pathway: Transmission between Hair Cells and Eighth

... Neuronal signaling in the auditory pathway begins with the spiral ganglion neurons that receive transmitter released from hair cells and send their central axons to the cochlear nucleus of the brainstem. Many decades of single fiber recordings have catalogued the acoustic responses of these primary ...
Neurons and action potential
Neurons and action potential

... 5. Using the voltmeter measure the voltage. If the LED is lit threshold has been reached and that neuron can fire an action potential. 6. Keep adding neurotransmitters and measuring the voltage. If the LED gets brighter the connection between the neurons is strengthened. 7. Graph the voltages. ...
Nervous System Overview
Nervous System Overview

... – Sensory input returns to the spinal cord via the dorsal root of spinal nerve – Here it may synapse with an interneuron, motor neuron or ascend up the spinal cord ...
The Nervous System How your body responds to a stimulus
The Nervous System How your body responds to a stimulus

... • The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and the left hemisphere controls the right side of your body! • But both sides are involved in most activities. • These parts are all connected but each part has its own function ...
Laboratory 9: Pons to Midbrain MCB 163 Fall 2005 Slide #108 1
Laboratory 9: Pons to Midbrain MCB 163 Fall 2005 Slide #108 1

... 1,2,3 These are all laminae of the superior colliculus. 1 is the superficial layer, 2 is the intermediate layers, and 3 is the deep gray. Within its layers are many different sensory maps (vision, audition, somatic sensation), that all come into register with one another (forward in visual space is ...
Nervous System Notes
Nervous System Notes

... respond appropriately to the information is receives. – If you are hungry, your nervous system tells you to eat! = homeostasis! – Homeostasis = the things your body does to keep you alive in that “just right” kind of way. ...
9e_CH_02 - Biloxi Public Schools
9e_CH_02 - Biloxi Public Schools

... such as height, eye color, and whether pigs have wings (no, because of their genetic makeup, they don’t.) The overlap of DNA from person to person is 99.9%! Yet the difference in .1% accounts for the differences between Mozart, and Nelson Mandela, and between Michelle Kwan and Oprah Winfrey. Psychol ...
Sleep and Arousal
Sleep and Arousal

... Seasonal periods of activity and breeding based on availability of food. Based on axis of earth around sun. • When is best time of day to feed? Diurnal/nocturnal to find food and avoid predators. Based on earth’s rotation relative to sun. • Circadian clock built into all plants and animals to help s ...
Objectives 53 - u.arizona.edu
Objectives 53 - u.arizona.edu

... an atheromatous plaque and subsequent thrombus formation; can cause syndromes relating to the distribution of the middle or anterior cerebral artery - ensuing stroke syndrome depends on where thrombus ends up Lacunar stroke syndrome - strokes caused by an occlusion of an artery directly at the site ...
Powerpoint
Powerpoint

... Basic Tasks of the Nervous System Sensory Input: Monitor both external and internal environments. Integration: Process the information and often integrate it with stored information. Motor output: If necessary, signal effector organs to make an appropriate response. ...
word - My eCoach
word - My eCoach

... 38. All students are required to have vaccines before entering public school. Use the information in the above Figure 12 to recognize if this vaccine requirement is a good idea. a. There is no good reason to vaccinate for a disease, since the body will make antibodies and have a response to the infe ...
The BRAIN - davis.k12.ut.us
The BRAIN - davis.k12.ut.us

... Wide space between the arachnoid and pia mater Contains Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Spinal cord ends at about the level of the L2 vertebra but the subarachnoid space continues to S2 making it possible to access CSF fluid with needle puncture (lumbar puncture) ...
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Circumventricular organs

Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain that are characterized by their extensive vasculature and lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB). The CVOs allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow; additionally they are an integral part of neuroendocrine function. The lack of a blood brain barrier allows the CVOs to act as an alternative route for peptides and hormones in the neural tissue to the peripheral blood stream, while still protecting it from toxic substances. CVOs can be classified into (a) sensory and (b) secretory organs. The sensory organs include the area postrema (AP), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the vascular organ of lamina terminalis. They have the ability to sense plasma molecules and then pass that information into other regions of the brain. Through this, they provide direct information to the autonomic nervous system from the systemic circulation. The secretory organs include the subcommissural organ (SCO), the posterior pituitary, the pineal gland, the median eminence and the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. These organs are responsible for secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.All of the circumventricular organs, besides the SCO, contain extensive vasculature and fenestrated capillaries which leads to a ‘leaky’ BBB at the site of the organs. Furthermore, all CVOs contain neural tissue, allowing them to play a role in the neuroendocrine system. It is highly debated if the choroid plexus can be included as a CVO. It has a high concentration of fenestrated capillaries, but its lack of neural tissue and its primary role of producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually excludes the choroid plexus from the CVO classification.Research has also linked CVOs to body fluid regulation, cardiovascular functions, immune responses, thirst, feeding behavior and reproductive behavior.
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