The sacral autonomic outflow is sympathetic
... Cranial parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (or visceromotor (VM) neurons) are born in the pMNv domain progenitor domain of the hindbrain5 that expresses the homeogene Phox2b and produces, in addition to VM neurons, branchiomotor (BM) ones6. The postmitotic precursors migrate dorsally 7 to form nu ...
... Cranial parasympathetic preganglionic neurons (or visceromotor (VM) neurons) are born in the pMNv domain progenitor domain of the hindbrain5 that expresses the homeogene Phox2b and produces, in addition to VM neurons, branchiomotor (BM) ones6. The postmitotic precursors migrate dorsally 7 to form nu ...
Document
... is electrical impulses, which are rapid and specific and cause almost immediate responses. ...
... is electrical impulses, which are rapid and specific and cause almost immediate responses. ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 46.1 Lateral viewof a human brain
... its response. In the right panel the monkey executes the instructed saccade. The neural response remains high until after the eye movement. FIGURE 46.7 A salience representation can be viewed as an intermediate representation that interacts with multiple behavioral systems (visual, motor, cognitive ...
... its response. In the right panel the monkey executes the instructed saccade. The neural response remains high until after the eye movement. FIGURE 46.7 A salience representation can be viewed as an intermediate representation that interacts with multiple behavioral systems (visual, motor, cognitive ...
Descending Systems Translate Transient Cortical Commands into a
... target onset) served as the ‘‘Go’’ signal. The monkey then had to shift the cursor into the previously cued target by generating an isometric torque ramp (Torque onset) in the appropriate direction and magnitude and keep the cursor within the target for an active hold period (350--750 ms, monkeys G ...
... target onset) served as the ‘‘Go’’ signal. The monkey then had to shift the cursor into the previously cued target by generating an isometric torque ramp (Torque onset) in the appropriate direction and magnitude and keep the cursor within the target for an active hold period (350--750 ms, monkeys G ...
Neurons with Two Sites of Synaptic Integration Learn Invariant
... be unchanged—or invariant—when the input is subject to various transformations. An important example is the classication of objects in twodimensional images. A particular object should be assigned the same classication even if it is rotated, translated, or scaled within the image (Bishop, 1995). I ...
... be unchanged—or invariant—when the input is subject to various transformations. An important example is the classication of objects in twodimensional images. A particular object should be assigned the same classication even if it is rotated, translated, or scaled within the image (Bishop, 1995). I ...
Neural Control of Interappendage Phase During Locomotion
... limb. The technique which has been utilized in the crayfish swimmeret system is the isolation of the presumptive control center from the remainder of the CNS. The abdominal nerve cord of a crayfish consists of a series of segmental ganglia which are anatomically discrete. Each ganglion is connected ...
... limb. The technique which has been utilized in the crayfish swimmeret system is the isolation of the presumptive control center from the remainder of the CNS. The abdominal nerve cord of a crayfish consists of a series of segmental ganglia which are anatomically discrete. Each ganglion is connected ...
The Nervous System
... • If VM reaches threshold, Na+ channels open and Na+ influx ensues, depolarizing the cell and causing the VM to increase. This is the rising phase of an AP. • Eventually, the Na+ channel will have inactivated and the K+ channels will be open. Now, K+ effluxes and repolarization occurs. This is the f ...
... • If VM reaches threshold, Na+ channels open and Na+ influx ensues, depolarizing the cell and causing the VM to increase. This is the rising phase of an AP. • Eventually, the Na+ channel will have inactivated and the K+ channels will be open. Now, K+ effluxes and repolarization occurs. This is the f ...
Neural Pascal
... grouped into nodes of different types. A connection between nodes is called a ‘link’. A link is a directed edge between two nodes. The main purpose of a link is to provide an access from one node to another provided there is a link connecting the two. Just as any other Pascal object, links are typed ...
... grouped into nodes of different types. A connection between nodes is called a ‘link’. A link is a directed edge between two nodes. The main purpose of a link is to provide an access from one node to another provided there is a link connecting the two. Just as any other Pascal object, links are typed ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... on the cytoarchitectonic subdivision into areas 4 and 6 according to Brodmann or the functional subdivision into primary motor, supplementary motor, and lateral premotor cortex has changed in recent years. Instead, this cortical region is now regarded as a complex mosaic of different areas. This rev ...
... on the cytoarchitectonic subdivision into areas 4 and 6 according to Brodmann or the functional subdivision into primary motor, supplementary motor, and lateral premotor cortex has changed in recent years. Instead, this cortical region is now regarded as a complex mosaic of different areas. This rev ...
Chapter 13 - next2eden.net
... binds groups of fibers into bundles contains sensory neurons only ...
... binds groups of fibers into bundles contains sensory neurons only ...
Note 11.1 - The Nervous System
... The Structure and Organization of the Human Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) – is the body’s coordinating centre for mechanical and chemical actions; made up of the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – are all the parts of the nervous system, excluding the brain and s ...
... The Structure and Organization of the Human Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) – is the body’s coordinating centre for mechanical and chemical actions; made up of the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – are all the parts of the nervous system, excluding the brain and s ...
Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... However, how the brain actually executes behavioral switching is not fully understood from the human data alone. The switching-associated reconfiguration of cognitive processes indicated by the psychological studies is probably composed of serial and parallel neuronal activity changes which occur wi ...
... However, how the brain actually executes behavioral switching is not fully understood from the human data alone. The switching-associated reconfiguration of cognitive processes indicated by the psychological studies is probably composed of serial and parallel neuronal activity changes which occur wi ...
Skeletal System
... The nervous system is the master controlling and communicating system of the body It is responsible for all behavior Along with the endocrine system it is responsible for regulating and ...
... The nervous system is the master controlling and communicating system of the body It is responsible for all behavior Along with the endocrine system it is responsible for regulating and ...
The Nervous System
... – The white matter of the CNS contains bundles of axons called tracts that share common origins, destinations, and functions • Tracts in the spinal cord form larger groups called columns – Pathways link the centers of the brain with the rest of the body • Sensory (ascending) pathways distribute info ...
... – The white matter of the CNS contains bundles of axons called tracts that share common origins, destinations, and functions • Tracts in the spinal cord form larger groups called columns – Pathways link the centers of the brain with the rest of the body • Sensory (ascending) pathways distribute info ...
This Week in The Journal - The Journal of Neuroscience
... Extracellular calcium concentrations in the brain fluctuate during neuronal activities and may affect the behavior of brain cells. Microglia are highly dynamic immune cells of the brain. However, the effects of extracellular calcium concentrations on microglial dynamics have not been investigated. H ...
... Extracellular calcium concentrations in the brain fluctuate during neuronal activities and may affect the behavior of brain cells. Microglia are highly dynamic immune cells of the brain. However, the effects of extracellular calcium concentrations on microglial dynamics have not been investigated. H ...
Cell-Type Specific Properties of Pyramidal
... can be addressed: to what degree does the cellular properties of neurons depend on cortical location? We tested this question using pyramidal neurons in layer 5 (L5) because of their role in providing major cortical output to subcortical targets. Recently developed transgenic mice with cell-type--sp ...
... can be addressed: to what degree does the cellular properties of neurons depend on cortical location? We tested this question using pyramidal neurons in layer 5 (L5) because of their role in providing major cortical output to subcortical targets. Recently developed transgenic mice with cell-type--sp ...
Nervous Systems
... extracellular ion concentrations (important when we talk about membrane potentials) • Oligodendrocytes (in the CNS) and Schwann cells (in the PNS): responsible for creating the myelin sheath on the axon ...
... extracellular ion concentrations (important when we talk about membrane potentials) • Oligodendrocytes (in the CNS) and Schwann cells (in the PNS): responsible for creating the myelin sheath on the axon ...
Leading tonically active neurons of the striatum from reward
... TANs might carry signals that are important for rewardrelated learning in the striatum, notably for storing stimulus–reward associations [12,14]. In this regard, it seems that research on the role of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons in behavior has influenced our thoughts on TAN functioning [15]. In f ...
... TANs might carry signals that are important for rewardrelated learning in the striatum, notably for storing stimulus–reward associations [12,14]. In this regard, it seems that research on the role of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons in behavior has influenced our thoughts on TAN functioning [15]. In f ...
Cerebellar Control of Defense Reactions under Orexin
... cross-sectional area of the flocculus ([10], Table S1). It appears that, whereas mossy fibers and climbing fibers form neuron-to-neuron-specific connections, beaded fibers convey information diffusely to determine the general activity or the mode of operation of their target neurons. This is the man ...
... cross-sectional area of the flocculus ([10], Table S1). It appears that, whereas mossy fibers and climbing fibers form neuron-to-neuron-specific connections, beaded fibers convey information diffusely to determine the general activity or the mode of operation of their target neurons. This is the man ...
Biosc_48_Chapter_9_lecture
... 2) Serve as ligand-gated ion channels for Na+ & K+ 3) Blocked by curare Muscarinic: found in visceral organs and stimulated by release of Ach from postganglionic neurons 1) Five types identified; can be stimulatory or inhibitory (opening K+ or Ca2+ channels) 2) Use G-proteins and second messenger sy ...
... 2) Serve as ligand-gated ion channels for Na+ & K+ 3) Blocked by curare Muscarinic: found in visceral organs and stimulated by release of Ach from postganglionic neurons 1) Five types identified; can be stimulatory or inhibitory (opening K+ or Ca2+ channels) 2) Use G-proteins and second messenger sy ...
Heterotopic Transcallosal Projections Are Present throughout the
... techniques—has been performed that allows us to compare the organization of transcallosal connections in different functional regions of the mouse cortex including the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Such a systematic analysis of inter-hemispheric connectivity is important as defects in th ...
... techniques—has been performed that allows us to compare the organization of transcallosal connections in different functional regions of the mouse cortex including the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Such a systematic analysis of inter-hemispheric connectivity is important as defects in th ...
The Neural Architecture Underlying Habit Learning: An Evolving
... methods were introduced to get around these problems, I immediately turned to the long-neglected brainstem — where it had been almost impossible to work before because of the thicket of passing fibers lacing through the region. I reveled in being able to study the brain's wiring diagram for regions ...
... methods were introduced to get around these problems, I immediately turned to the long-neglected brainstem — where it had been almost impossible to work before because of the thicket of passing fibers lacing through the region. I reveled in being able to study the brain's wiring diagram for regions ...