Basal Ganglia objectives - NBio401
... -Be able to describe the effect of the substantia pars compacta on the direct and indirect pathways. -Be able to explain how, in addition to the pathways affecting limb movements, there are other loops between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex that perform analogous functions for oculomotor, exe ...
... -Be able to describe the effect of the substantia pars compacta on the direct and indirect pathways. -Be able to explain how, in addition to the pathways affecting limb movements, there are other loops between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex that perform analogous functions for oculomotor, exe ...
Lecture 6 - School of Computing | University of Leeds
... In this seminal paper, Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts invented the first artificial (MP) neuron, based on the insight that a nerve cell will fire an impulse only if its threshold value is exceeded. MP neurons are hard-wired devices, reading pre-defined input-output associations to determine their ...
... In this seminal paper, Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts invented the first artificial (MP) neuron, based on the insight that a nerve cell will fire an impulse only if its threshold value is exceeded. MP neurons are hard-wired devices, reading pre-defined input-output associations to determine their ...
Central nervous system
... middle part, having a butterfly shape in the cross cut. The grey matter has narrow dorsal (posterior) horns. The intermediate zone of the gray matter and its lateral part (horn) are located between them. The largest neurons of the spinal cord are located in the ventral horn. They form motor nuclei, ...
... middle part, having a butterfly shape in the cross cut. The grey matter has narrow dorsal (posterior) horns. The intermediate zone of the gray matter and its lateral part (horn) are located between them. The largest neurons of the spinal cord are located in the ventral horn. They form motor nuclei, ...
Movement Disorders Following Cerebrovascular Lesion in the Basal
... four deep nuclei: 1) The putamen, which is the source of input to the basal ganglia, receives input from fibers emanating from the motor cortex. 2) The internal segment of the globus pallidus, also referred to as the globus pallidus interna (GPi), and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) are t ...
... four deep nuclei: 1) The putamen, which is the source of input to the basal ganglia, receives input from fibers emanating from the motor cortex. 2) The internal segment of the globus pallidus, also referred to as the globus pallidus interna (GPi), and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) are t ...
The Pathology of the Spinal Cord in Progressive
... Patient 2: At the age of 58 this woman began suffering frequent falls, followed 2 yr later by right-sided rigidity and gait difficulties caused by dragging of the right foot and slow movements. At the age of 62, neurological examination revealed supranuclear gaze palsy, increased tone both in the li ...
... Patient 2: At the age of 58 this woman began suffering frequent falls, followed 2 yr later by right-sided rigidity and gait difficulties caused by dragging of the right foot and slow movements. At the age of 62, neurological examination revealed supranuclear gaze palsy, increased tone both in the li ...
Neural Control - Del Mar College
... D After an action potential, gated Na+ channels are briefly inactivated, so the action potential moves one way only, toward axon terminals. Na+ and K+ gradients disrupted by action potentials are restored by diffusion of ions that were put into place by activity of sodium–potassium pumps. Fig. 33-8d ...
... D After an action potential, gated Na+ channels are briefly inactivated, so the action potential moves one way only, toward axon terminals. Na+ and K+ gradients disrupted by action potentials are restored by diffusion of ions that were put into place by activity of sodium–potassium pumps. Fig. 33-8d ...
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
... ointment was placed in the eyes. A craniotomy was performed over the parietal lobe, and the dura was incised and reflected to expose the region of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received ...
Hyperstiffness
... side weakness post stroke was due to antagonist m. contraction opposing agonist m. activity (bobath). • Decreased agonist activity was associated with inability to perform the tasks; no evidence for excessive antagonist activation was found : post stroke • Paresis following UMN lesions leads to mus ...
... side weakness post stroke was due to antagonist m. contraction opposing agonist m. activity (bobath). • Decreased agonist activity was associated with inability to perform the tasks; no evidence for excessive antagonist activation was found : post stroke • Paresis following UMN lesions leads to mus ...
The Basal Ganglia
... • The “gain control” that the striatum seems to perform might provide fluctuating activity levels to scale movements in time and space… or as part of a program-selection mechanism. In this context, the competitive queuing models (Houghton & Hartley, 1995) seem particularly relevant. • The motor loop ...
... • The “gain control” that the striatum seems to perform might provide fluctuating activity levels to scale movements in time and space… or as part of a program-selection mechanism. In this context, the competitive queuing models (Houghton & Hartley, 1995) seem particularly relevant. • The motor loop ...
Homework - Stethographics, Inc.
... agency also should require a consumer-friendly guide explaining the risks that would be handed out by doctors when the drug is injected, the group said. "These significantly improved warnings to doctors and patients would increase the likelihood of earlier medical intervention when symptoms of adver ...
... agency also should require a consumer-friendly guide explaining the risks that would be handed out by doctors when the drug is injected, the group said. "These significantly improved warnings to doctors and patients would increase the likelihood of earlier medical intervention when symptoms of adver ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... The globus pallidus (GP), or globus pallidus externa (GPe) in primates, is located in a central position in the macrocircuits of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops. Traditionally, the GP was considered as a relay between the striatum and the output nuclei, via its connection to the sub ...
... The globus pallidus (GP), or globus pallidus externa (GPe) in primates, is located in a central position in the macrocircuits of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops. Traditionally, the GP was considered as a relay between the striatum and the output nuclei, via its connection to the sub ...
MARMORATAl - Journal of Neuroscience
... antigens are first expressed and the order in which they are expressed by different cells or tissues. Three of the mAbs produced by Zipser and McKay (Zipser, B., and R. McKay (1981) Nature 289: 549-554) were screened: Lan3-1, Lan3-5, and Lan3-6. Each mAb shows a different pattern of labeling in the ...
... antigens are first expressed and the order in which they are expressed by different cells or tissues. Three of the mAbs produced by Zipser and McKay (Zipser, B., and R. McKay (1981) Nature 289: 549-554) were screened: Lan3-1, Lan3-5, and Lan3-6. Each mAb shows a different pattern of labeling in the ...
Homework 3 - Stethographics, Inc.
... agency also should require a consumer-friendly guide explaining the risks that would be handed out by doctors when the drug is injected, the group said. "These significantly improved warnings to doctors and patients would increase the likelihood of earlier medical intervention when symptoms of adver ...
... agency also should require a consumer-friendly guide explaining the risks that would be handed out by doctors when the drug is injected, the group said. "These significantly improved warnings to doctors and patients would increase the likelihood of earlier medical intervention when symptoms of adver ...
pttx
... The result is a post-synaptic potential (PSP). PSPs are, unlike action potentials, graded. Sometimes PSPs generate a new AP, but not always. ...
... The result is a post-synaptic potential (PSP). PSPs are, unlike action potentials, graded. Sometimes PSPs generate a new AP, but not always. ...
Olfactory processing: maps, time and codes Gilles Laurent
... than stimulus encoding. Modelling studies of visual cortex development indicate that maps of ocular dominance and orientation preference can be obtained by using a simple Hebbian rule (which bears no obvious relation to the coding principles underlying vision, but rather imposes that ‘connections be ...
... than stimulus encoding. Modelling studies of visual cortex development indicate that maps of ocular dominance and orientation preference can be obtained by using a simple Hebbian rule (which bears no obvious relation to the coding principles underlying vision, but rather imposes that ‘connections be ...
Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory
... non-siblings during postnatal stages. We found that radially aligned sister excitatory neurons have a propensity for developing unidirectional chemical synapses with each other rather than with neighbouring non-siblings. Moreover, these synaptic connections display the same interlaminar directional ...
... non-siblings during postnatal stages. We found that radially aligned sister excitatory neurons have a propensity for developing unidirectional chemical synapses with each other rather than with neighbouring non-siblings. Moreover, these synaptic connections display the same interlaminar directional ...
…By the way, where is the fornix???
... The fornix connects the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies ...
... The fornix connects the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies ...
nervous system physiology 7
... Normally, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are continually active, and the basal rates of activity are known, respectively, as sympathetic tone and parasympathetic tone. The value of tone is that it allows a single nervous system both to increase and to decrease the activity of a stimulat ...
... Normally, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are continually active, and the basal rates of activity are known, respectively, as sympathetic tone and parasympathetic tone. The value of tone is that it allows a single nervous system both to increase and to decrease the activity of a stimulat ...
Researcher studies nervous system development
... need proteins to form structures in the cell. Purdy’s research renders these essential proteins null. This allows Purdy to see how each protein affects the development of the nervous system as a whole. Your body’s “post office” often has expedited shipping in the form of a myelin sheath. This is a f ...
... need proteins to form structures in the cell. Purdy’s research renders these essential proteins null. This allows Purdy to see how each protein affects the development of the nervous system as a whole. Your body’s “post office” often has expedited shipping in the form of a myelin sheath. This is a f ...
The Brain
... the eyes and head in response to a visual stimulus Inferior colliculi – receives and processes auditory input from lower levels of the brainstem and relays it to other parts of the brain o Contains the substantia nigra Center that improves motor performance by suppressing unwanted muscle contrac ...
... the eyes and head in response to a visual stimulus Inferior colliculi – receives and processes auditory input from lower levels of the brainstem and relays it to other parts of the brain o Contains the substantia nigra Center that improves motor performance by suppressing unwanted muscle contrac ...
07.11 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... physiologically mapped using intracortical stimulation (12–20 cathodal pulses, 0.2 msec duration, 300 Hz frequency, 1–25 mA intensity) with glass-coated Elgiloy microelectrodes (Suzuki and Azuma, 1976; impedance 5 0.6 –1.4 MV at 1 kHz). The stimulus intensity was monitored by an isolated “passive cu ...
... physiologically mapped using intracortical stimulation (12–20 cathodal pulses, 0.2 msec duration, 300 Hz frequency, 1–25 mA intensity) with glass-coated Elgiloy microelectrodes (Suzuki and Azuma, 1976; impedance 5 0.6 –1.4 MV at 1 kHz). The stimulus intensity was monitored by an isolated “passive cu ...
Starosta, S., Güntürkün, O., Stüttgen, M.C., Stimulus
... both their antecedent behavior and to stimuli predictive of reward or non-reward. Here, we investigate whether single neurons in the avian nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), a multimodal associative forebrain structure and a presumed analogue of mammalian prefrontal cortex, represent information usefu ...
... both their antecedent behavior and to stimuli predictive of reward or non-reward. Here, we investigate whether single neurons in the avian nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), a multimodal associative forebrain structure and a presumed analogue of mammalian prefrontal cortex, represent information usefu ...
NA EXAM 3 (May 2001)
... BASAL GANGLIA Important indirect control of motor movement. Has an input/output “loop” organization to modulate the thalamus & feedback to the cerebral cortex (see NA chapter 11 figures). Striatum The striatum has a complex shape consisting of 3 nuclei (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens). It i ...
... BASAL GANGLIA Important indirect control of motor movement. Has an input/output “loop” organization to modulate the thalamus & feedback to the cerebral cortex (see NA chapter 11 figures). Striatum The striatum has a complex shape consisting of 3 nuclei (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens). It i ...
pdf 2.5M
... From the mid-1980s onward, different groups reported the discovery of chaotic electrical signals in the brain, namely human [1] and simian [2]. This started a long-lasting dispute concerning the true chaotic nature of such signals, as well as much speculation regarding the possible roles of chaos in ...
... From the mid-1980s onward, different groups reported the discovery of chaotic electrical signals in the brain, namely human [1] and simian [2]. This started a long-lasting dispute concerning the true chaotic nature of such signals, as well as much speculation regarding the possible roles of chaos in ...