Mirror Neurons in a New World Monkey, Common Marmoset
... cortex including PMv after sacrifice. We next implanted electrodes into the ventrolateral frontal cortex and STS and recorded single/multi-units under an awake condition. As a result, we found neurons in the ventrolateral frontal cortex with characteristic “mirror” properties quite similar to those ...
... cortex including PMv after sacrifice. We next implanted electrodes into the ventrolateral frontal cortex and STS and recorded single/multi-units under an awake condition. As a result, we found neurons in the ventrolateral frontal cortex with characteristic “mirror” properties quite similar to those ...
Glutamatergic activation of anterior cingulate cortex produces
... encode and transmit information related to the aversiveness of noxious stimuli and provide the teaching signal required for the acquisition of conditioned aversion. We recently found that excitotoxic lesions of the rostral ACC (r-ACC) selectively prevents avoidance learning elicited by tonic noxious ...
... encode and transmit information related to the aversiveness of noxious stimuli and provide the teaching signal required for the acquisition of conditioned aversion. We recently found that excitotoxic lesions of the rostral ACC (r-ACC) selectively prevents avoidance learning elicited by tonic noxious ...
Differential roles of delay-period neural activity in the monkey
... period. Ten of those 21 whole-delay cells were horizontal-preferred and the other 11 were vertical-preferred. During the choice period, 32 (20.4%) differential neurons were observed. A large proportion of differential units showed differential activity in more than one period (Table S1 and SI Materi ...
... period. Ten of those 21 whole-delay cells were horizontal-preferred and the other 11 were vertical-preferred. During the choice period, 32 (20.4%) differential neurons were observed. A large proportion of differential units showed differential activity in more than one period (Table S1 and SI Materi ...
Biology 11 - Human Anatomy Lecture
... A. The PNS conveys impulses to and from the ____ and includes the: 1. Sensory ______________ within sensory organs 2. ____________ & their associated ganglia 3. Nerve ____________ B. __________ of the PNS are classified as either 1. _____________ nerves - arise from the brain 2. ____________ nerves ...
... A. The PNS conveys impulses to and from the ____ and includes the: 1. Sensory ______________ within sensory organs 2. ____________ & their associated ganglia 3. Nerve ____________ B. __________ of the PNS are classified as either 1. _____________ nerves - arise from the brain 2. ____________ nerves ...
Skeletal System
... – Most pathways cross over from one side of the CNS to the other at some point – Most consist of a chain of two or three neurons that contribute to successive tracts – Most exhibit somatotopy, a precise spatial relationship among the tract fibers that reflects the orderly mapping of the body – All p ...
... – Most pathways cross over from one side of the CNS to the other at some point – Most consist of a chain of two or three neurons that contribute to successive tracts – Most exhibit somatotopy, a precise spatial relationship among the tract fibers that reflects the orderly mapping of the body – All p ...
Solutions of the BCM learning rule in a network of lateral interacting
... L connections. There is an apparent asymmetry in the effect of positive or negative values of the interactions on the probabilities. We think that this results from using only positive values as inputs, so that negative interactions which tend to reduce cell activity have a more coherent effect than ...
... L connections. There is an apparent asymmetry in the effect of positive or negative values of the interactions on the probabilities. We think that this results from using only positive values as inputs, so that negative interactions which tend to reduce cell activity have a more coherent effect than ...
Integrated model of visual processing
... achieve this combination is by exchanging information between neurons in higher order areas coding for different attributes. However, the level of complexity of the computation and the fine grain of the representation that is often needed are probably impossible to achieve with the rather sparse set ...
... achieve this combination is by exchanging information between neurons in higher order areas coding for different attributes. However, the level of complexity of the computation and the fine grain of the representation that is often needed are probably impossible to achieve with the rather sparse set ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... contributing to the utility of center-surround receptive field organization, along with decorrelation and response gain. Furthermore, sparse codes of natural sounds have been shown to produce temporal response profiles with properties similar to those of early auditory neurons (Lewicki, 2002). This ...
... contributing to the utility of center-surround receptive field organization, along with decorrelation and response gain. Furthermore, sparse codes of natural sounds have been shown to produce temporal response profiles with properties similar to those of early auditory neurons (Lewicki, 2002). This ...
pdf format - Mason Posner
... through direct measurements or by better theoretical prediction. The accurate knowledge of masses is particularly critical. Einstein’s mass–energy equivalence relates the mass of an isotope directly to how strongly its protons and neutrons are bound; that in turn determines whether it can exist and ...
... through direct measurements or by better theoretical prediction. The accurate knowledge of masses is particularly critical. Einstein’s mass–energy equivalence relates the mass of an isotope directly to how strongly its protons and neutrons are bound; that in turn determines whether it can exist and ...
Development and function of human cerebral cortex neural networks
... highly specific manner during mouse embryonic development, initiating at ∼E16 and increasing in its frequency, before subsiding by the first week after birth (Corlew et al., 2004). Synchronised bursts in the cortex have been shown to be dependent on glutamatergic synaptic activity (Robinson et al., ...
... highly specific manner during mouse embryonic development, initiating at ∼E16 and increasing in its frequency, before subsiding by the first week after birth (Corlew et al., 2004). Synchronised bursts in the cortex have been shown to be dependent on glutamatergic synaptic activity (Robinson et al., ...
The neural basis of the speed–accuracy tradeoff - Eric
... activity in the pre-SMA (Figure 3) and striatum during the interval between a cue instructing the participants to be fast and stimulus onset. Under the assumption that the observed BOLD signal in these areas is produced by the activity of integrator neurons, the data from these three fMRI studies su ...
... activity in the pre-SMA (Figure 3) and striatum during the interval between a cue instructing the participants to be fast and stimulus onset. Under the assumption that the observed BOLD signal in these areas is produced by the activity of integrator neurons, the data from these three fMRI studies su ...
Somatosensory Cortical Activity in Relation to Arm Posture
... postures. Unit discharge was related to parameters defining the posture of the arm by multiple linear regression techniques. 2. Two monkeys were trained to grasp a manipulandum presented at locations distributed throughout their workspace. The discharge of single units in SI was recorded for 3 s whi ...
... postures. Unit discharge was related to parameters defining the posture of the arm by multiple linear regression techniques. 2. Two monkeys were trained to grasp a manipulandum presented at locations distributed throughout their workspace. The discharge of single units in SI was recorded for 3 s whi ...
Document
... 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems Sponge 5 1) Sensory neurons: detect stimuli and transmit signals to the brain and the spinal cord 2) Interneurons: receive signals from sensory neurons and relay them within the brain and spinal cord 3) Motor neurons: pass messages from the nervous system ...
... 29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems Sponge 5 1) Sensory neurons: detect stimuli and transmit signals to the brain and the spinal cord 2) Interneurons: receive signals from sensory neurons and relay them within the brain and spinal cord 3) Motor neurons: pass messages from the nervous system ...
Descending Pathways in Motor Control
... by the locomotor cycle (Drew, 1991), whereas reticulospinal neurons originating from the ponto-medullary reticular formation (PMRF) facilitate or suppress electromyogram (EMG) activity in proximal fore- and hind-limb muscles, again bilaterally. Similar observations have been made in the monkey (Davi ...
... by the locomotor cycle (Drew, 1991), whereas reticulospinal neurons originating from the ponto-medullary reticular formation (PMRF) facilitate or suppress electromyogram (EMG) activity in proximal fore- and hind-limb muscles, again bilaterally. Similar observations have been made in the monkey (Davi ...
PDF file
... influence of top-down versus the bottom-up part. This bottomup, top-down coupling is not new [6]. The novelty for this paper is twofold: first, the top-down activation originates from the previous time step (t − 1) and second, nonzero topdown parameter (α > 0) is used in the testing phase. These sim ...
... influence of top-down versus the bottom-up part. This bottomup, top-down coupling is not new [6]. The novelty for this paper is twofold: first, the top-down activation originates from the previous time step (t − 1) and second, nonzero topdown parameter (α > 0) is used in the testing phase. These sim ...
Synchrony Unbound: Review A Critical Evaluation of
... is that populations of cells that represent low-level features (for example, neurons in primary visual cortex) synchronize their activity when they respond to different elements that are to be linked in the analysis of a scene. Singer’s laboratory and others have presented supporting evidence, discu ...
... is that populations of cells that represent low-level features (for example, neurons in primary visual cortex) synchronize their activity when they respond to different elements that are to be linked in the analysis of a scene. Singer’s laboratory and others have presented supporting evidence, discu ...
Lecture #13 – Animal Nervous Systems
... Saves space – 2,000 myelinated axons can fit in the same space as one giant axon Max speed ~ 120 m/second ...
... Saves space – 2,000 myelinated axons can fit in the same space as one giant axon Max speed ~ 120 m/second ...
Skeletal System
... Depending on the receptors present on the target organ, its response to these neurotransmitters may be either excitation or inhibition ...
... Depending on the receptors present on the target organ, its response to these neurotransmitters may be either excitation or inhibition ...
Ch12 notes Martini 9e
... • The sodium–potassium exchange pump ejects 3 Na+ ions for every 2 K+ ions that it brings into the cell • It serves to stabilize the resting potential when the ratio of Na+ entry to K+ loss through passive channels is 3:2 • At the normal resting potential, these passive and active mechanisms are in ...
... • The sodium–potassium exchange pump ejects 3 Na+ ions for every 2 K+ ions that it brings into the cell • It serves to stabilize the resting potential when the ratio of Na+ entry to K+ loss through passive channels is 3:2 • At the normal resting potential, these passive and active mechanisms are in ...
Document
... stimulation (AS) with broadband noise, electrical stimulation (ES) and paired acoustic and electrical activation (AS+ES). Broadband noise evoked excitatory sustained activation with an increased onset in the majority of MGB sites. This response was mostly suppressed after AS+ES pairing when the dela ...
... stimulation (AS) with broadband noise, electrical stimulation (ES) and paired acoustic and electrical activation (AS+ES). Broadband noise evoked excitatory sustained activation with an increased onset in the majority of MGB sites. This response was mostly suppressed after AS+ES pairing when the dela ...
Document
... carboxyl-terminus fragments (CTF) and the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) are also indicated. Note that APP is cleaved at multiple sites by gamma-secretase, whereas cleavage of Notch 1 occurs at single site. Pink and blue arrows indicate the furin and TACE sites in the Notch 1 ectodomain and black ...
... carboxyl-terminus fragments (CTF) and the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) are also indicated. Note that APP is cleaved at multiple sites by gamma-secretase, whereas cleavage of Notch 1 occurs at single site. Pink and blue arrows indicate the furin and TACE sites in the Notch 1 ectodomain and black ...
Nervous System
... (sensory neurons that conduct reflexes or detect various stimuli). – bipolar neuron - a dendrite and an axon extend from the soma independently (sensory neurons involved in special senses such as vision, olfaction, and hearing). – multiple neuron - one axon and many dendrites extend from the soma (i ...
... (sensory neurons that conduct reflexes or detect various stimuli). – bipolar neuron - a dendrite and an axon extend from the soma independently (sensory neurons involved in special senses such as vision, olfaction, and hearing). – multiple neuron - one axon and many dendrites extend from the soma (i ...
Computational cognitive neuroscience: 10. Prefrontal Cortex (PFC)
... At the synapses formed by both of the recurrent excitatory loops there are NMDA and metabotropic glutamate (mGluR) receptors that, once opened by high frequency activity, provide a longer time window of increased excitability so as to keep reverberant activity going. • Recall from the Learning Chapt ...
... At the synapses formed by both of the recurrent excitatory loops there are NMDA and metabotropic glutamate (mGluR) receptors that, once opened by high frequency activity, provide a longer time window of increased excitability so as to keep reverberant activity going. • Recall from the Learning Chapt ...
Abstract Booklet
... we know all the neurons that control behavior directly, and we can design the mapping from neural activity to behavior. We leverage these unique aspects of BCI control to probe the mechanisms of learning among populations of neurons. There are different classes of BCI mappings: some of which are rel ...
... we know all the neurons that control behavior directly, and we can design the mapping from neural activity to behavior. We leverage these unique aspects of BCI control to probe the mechanisms of learning among populations of neurons. There are different classes of BCI mappings: some of which are rel ...