Mircea Steriade
... laboratory during the late 1930s, before he went to work with Lord Adrian in Cambridge. Most investigators used to consider the idea of a non-specific brain stem reticular activating system as opposite to Bremer's concept that specific sensory systems are responsible for the maintenance of the wakin ...
... laboratory during the late 1930s, before he went to work with Lord Adrian in Cambridge. Most investigators used to consider the idea of a non-specific brain stem reticular activating system as opposite to Bremer's concept that specific sensory systems are responsible for the maintenance of the wakin ...
Functional Organization in the Motor Cortex
... found in monkeys (Woolsey et al., 1952). The different joints of the arm are represented in concentric rings in the arm area of M1, such that proximal joints are surrounding distal ones (Murphy et al., 1978). Somatotopic maps in M1 were also generated using functional MRI (fMRI) (Rao et al., 1995). ...
... found in monkeys (Woolsey et al., 1952). The different joints of the arm are represented in concentric rings in the arm area of M1, such that proximal joints are surrounding distal ones (Murphy et al., 1978). Somatotopic maps in M1 were also generated using functional MRI (fMRI) (Rao et al., 1995). ...
Myotatic Reflex
... Thus, the soma membrane of each neuron integrates total synaptic input at each moment of time! Integration is the result of algebraic summation of synaptic activity (EPSPs and IPSPs). The floating soma membrane potential reflects the net excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input to a particular neuro ...
... Thus, the soma membrane of each neuron integrates total synaptic input at each moment of time! Integration is the result of algebraic summation of synaptic activity (EPSPs and IPSPs). The floating soma membrane potential reflects the net excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input to a particular neuro ...
optimal feedback control and the neural basis of volitional motor
... regions. The primary motor cortex (M1) contributes the largest number of axons to the corticospinal tract and receives input from other cortical regions that are predominantly involved in motor planning. Somatosensory information is provided through the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), parietal co ...
... regions. The primary motor cortex (M1) contributes the largest number of axons to the corticospinal tract and receives input from other cortical regions that are predominantly involved in motor planning. Somatosensory information is provided through the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), parietal co ...
Note
... The stimulus estimation process also involves the probability of the stimulus, P(v|n) = (const) P(n|v) P(v) Neurons are sensitive to the local P(v) in the sense that responses are larger when a particular stimulus is unexpected. For example at right, both LFP and multi-unit activity (and also single ...
... The stimulus estimation process also involves the probability of the stimulus, P(v|n) = (const) P(n|v) P(v) Neurons are sensitive to the local P(v) in the sense that responses are larger when a particular stimulus is unexpected. For example at right, both LFP and multi-unit activity (and also single ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... Abstract Mushroom bodies are central brain structures and essentially involved in insect olfactory learning. Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom bod ...
... Abstract Mushroom bodies are central brain structures and essentially involved in insect olfactory learning. Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom bod ...
Engines of the brain
... components (e.g., basal forebrain) affecting the probability of neuronal response during the peaks and troughs of such “clocked” cycles. The most excitable cells will tend to fire in response even to slight afferent activity whereas less excitable neurons will only be added in response to stronger i ...
... components (e.g., basal forebrain) affecting the probability of neuronal response during the peaks and troughs of such “clocked” cycles. The most excitable cells will tend to fire in response even to slight afferent activity whereas less excitable neurons will only be added in response to stronger i ...
ACQ_and_the_Basal_Ganglia
... reaches the dorsal striatum through the paraventricular nucleus – Hypothalamic-midline thalamic-striatal projections carry internal state information to cholinergic interneurons of the dorsal striatum • These are thought to modulate dorsal striatal output neurons ...
... reaches the dorsal striatum through the paraventricular nucleus – Hypothalamic-midline thalamic-striatal projections carry internal state information to cholinergic interneurons of the dorsal striatum • These are thought to modulate dorsal striatal output neurons ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons that regulate dopamine neuron activity and have projection targets similar to those of dopamine neurons. Additionally, t ...
... in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons that regulate dopamine neuron activity and have projection targets similar to those of dopamine neurons. Additionally, t ...
PDF file - Izhikevich
... even in the absence of correlated input. Each such group is made up of tens to hundreds of neurons that can fire timelocked spiking patterns with millisecond precision. Neurons in the model did not fire unless the network received some level of noisy input. While low input levels resulted in rhythmi ...
... even in the absence of correlated input. Each such group is made up of tens to hundreds of neurons that can fire timelocked spiking patterns with millisecond precision. Neurons in the model did not fire unless the network received some level of noisy input. While low input levels resulted in rhythmi ...
Manual for the mind - Hardware
... Wernicke’s Area through the Temporal, Parietal and Frontal Lobes. Allows for coordinated, comprehensible speech. Damage may result in: - Conduction Aphasia - Where auditory comprehension and speech articulation are preserved, but people find it difficult to repeat heard speech. ...
... Wernicke’s Area through the Temporal, Parietal and Frontal Lobes. Allows for coordinated, comprehensible speech. Damage may result in: - Conduction Aphasia - Where auditory comprehension and speech articulation are preserved, but people find it difficult to repeat heard speech. ...
Stem Cells may Beat Riluzole in Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral
... and dysphagia (Kiernan et al.,). Bulbar onset occurs first about one third of the time (Gordon). Cervical onset involves loss of function in upper limbs and can include both upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. In contrast, lumbar onset involves weakening of lower limbs, including feet (Mitc ...
... and dysphagia (Kiernan et al.,). Bulbar onset occurs first about one third of the time (Gordon). Cervical onset involves loss of function in upper limbs and can include both upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. In contrast, lumbar onset involves weakening of lower limbs, including feet (Mitc ...
Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey
... elicits small-amplitude saccades (Bruce et al. 1985). However, it is less clear to what extent the ...
... elicits small-amplitude saccades (Bruce et al. 1985). However, it is less clear to what extent the ...
File
... Action Potential and Threshold Action Potential: A neural impulse. A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon and is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane. Threshold: The level of stimulation required to trigger the action poten ...
... Action Potential and Threshold Action Potential: A neural impulse. A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon and is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane. Threshold: The level of stimulation required to trigger the action poten ...
The Nervous System
... discharge. If they are both equal to their charges, then the operation will cancel itself out. There are two types of summation: spatial and temporal. Spatial summation requires several excitatory synapses (firing several times) to add up,thus causing an axon discharge. It also occurs within inhibit ...
... discharge. If they are both equal to their charges, then the operation will cancel itself out. There are two types of summation: spatial and temporal. Spatial summation requires several excitatory synapses (firing several times) to add up,thus causing an axon discharge. It also occurs within inhibit ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... Schmolesky et al., 1998). For comparing stimulus-related responses, we determined the mean activity in the interval 65 msec around the peak of neuronal activation in a time window from 70 to 140 msec after stimulus appearance, and the prestimulus activation in the interval 40 –50 msec after stimulus ...
... Schmolesky et al., 1998). For comparing stimulus-related responses, we determined the mean activity in the interval 65 msec around the peak of neuronal activation in a time window from 70 to 140 msec after stimulus appearance, and the prestimulus activation in the interval 40 –50 msec after stimulus ...
Meninges,Cerebrospinal Fluid, and the spinal cord
... Interneurons receiving input from somatic sensory neurons Interneurons receiving input from visceral sensory neurons Visceral motor (autonomic) neurons Somatic motor neurons Figure 12.32 ...
... Interneurons receiving input from somatic sensory neurons Interneurons receiving input from visceral sensory neurons Visceral motor (autonomic) neurons Somatic motor neurons Figure 12.32 ...
Spinal Cord - Larry Frolich
... Motor neuron cell bodies lie in the ventral horn, while autonomic neuron cell bodies lie in the lateral horn and sensory fibers synapse on cells in the dorsal horn. ...
... Motor neuron cell bodies lie in the ventral horn, while autonomic neuron cell bodies lie in the lateral horn and sensory fibers synapse on cells in the dorsal horn. ...
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
... Motor neuron cell bodies lie in the ventral horn, while autonomic neuron cell bodies lie in the lateral horn and sensory fibers synapse on cells in the dorsal horn. ...
... Motor neuron cell bodies lie in the ventral horn, while autonomic neuron cell bodies lie in the lateral horn and sensory fibers synapse on cells in the dorsal horn. ...
Ingestive Behaviour Chapter 12
... What stops a meal? Head factors • Taste and odour are important stimuli that let animals learn about caloric content of foods. • Cecil et al (1998): People were more satiated after eating a bowl of high-fat soup than when an equal amount of soup was infused directly into their stomachs. – The act o ...
... What stops a meal? Head factors • Taste and odour are important stimuli that let animals learn about caloric content of foods. • Cecil et al (1998): People were more satiated after eating a bowl of high-fat soup than when an equal amount of soup was infused directly into their stomachs. – The act o ...
Ch. 15 – Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System
... H+, CO2, O2) in certain body fluids – This information is NOT perceived by the cerebral cortex; it is sent to lower brain centers for subconscious homeostatic adjustments ...
... H+, CO2, O2) in certain body fluids – This information is NOT perceived by the cerebral cortex; it is sent to lower brain centers for subconscious homeostatic adjustments ...
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM aka CNS
... 2. Association fibers: connect different parts of the same hemisphere. (run horiz.) 3. Projection fibers:descend form cerebral cortex to caudal portions of CNS or ascend from lower centers. (run vertically). Link the cerebral cortex to brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord This is how sensory info ...
... 2. Association fibers: connect different parts of the same hemisphere. (run horiz.) 3. Projection fibers:descend form cerebral cortex to caudal portions of CNS or ascend from lower centers. (run vertically). Link the cerebral cortex to brain stem, cerebellum, and spinal cord This is how sensory info ...
Biological Basis of Behavior Lecture 10 II. BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF
... information from the sensory organs and controls movements of the skeletal muscles for voluntary and involuntary behavior. The Autonomic Nervous System: The regulation of the smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glands. The function of the Autonomic Nervous System is the regulation of “vegetative proc ...
... information from the sensory organs and controls movements of the skeletal muscles for voluntary and involuntary behavior. The Autonomic Nervous System: The regulation of the smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glands. The function of the Autonomic Nervous System is the regulation of “vegetative proc ...
Nat Methods 6:219-224 - University of British Columbia
... synaptic activity to stimulate muscles. Application of a-amino-3hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) and N-methylD-aspartatic acid (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor antagonists (Supplementary Methods and Supplementary Fig. 4 online) directly to the sensorimotor cortex at concentrations and d ...
... synaptic activity to stimulate muscles. Application of a-amino-3hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) and N-methylD-aspartatic acid (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor antagonists (Supplementary Methods and Supplementary Fig. 4 online) directly to the sensorimotor cortex at concentrations and d ...