Move to the rhythm: oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus–external
... influences the basal ganglia output nuclei [substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi)] directly, or indirectly via connections with the network between the STN and external globus pallidus (GPe). The dopaminergic substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) ...
... influences the basal ganglia output nuclei [substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi)] directly, or indirectly via connections with the network between the STN and external globus pallidus (GPe). The dopaminergic substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... fast spiking interneurons (Lee et al., 2014). Therefore, PT neurons may represent a final convergence point for numerous local excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Equally important to the connections they make and receive, PT and IT neurons exhibit subpopulation-specific intrinsic electrophys ...
... fast spiking interneurons (Lee et al., 2014). Therefore, PT neurons may represent a final convergence point for numerous local excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Equally important to the connections they make and receive, PT and IT neurons exhibit subpopulation-specific intrinsic electrophys ...
Document
... the vestibular system causes asymmetric ataxia with preservation of strength. The poll rotates toward the side of the lesion, and the head and neck may be turned toward the lesion. The body leans, falls, or rolls toward the side of the lesion, and the horse may stagger in tight circles. Because ther ...
... the vestibular system causes asymmetric ataxia with preservation of strength. The poll rotates toward the side of the lesion, and the head and neck may be turned toward the lesion. The body leans, falls, or rolls toward the side of the lesion, and the horse may stagger in tight circles. Because ther ...
Effects of the Abused Inhalant Toluene on the
... Electrophysiological studies reveal that most midbrain DA neurons display low tonic rates of firing (1–5 Hz) interspersed with bursts of firing (20–80 Hz) that are associated with novel or rewarding stimuli [31]. The mechanisms that underlie the transition between tonic and burst modes of VTA DA neu ...
... Electrophysiological studies reveal that most midbrain DA neurons display low tonic rates of firing (1–5 Hz) interspersed with bursts of firing (20–80 Hz) that are associated with novel or rewarding stimuli [31]. The mechanisms that underlie the transition between tonic and burst modes of VTA DA neu ...
Tsuda et al NeurosciRes
... resulting IPSPs were detected by VSD imaging. In the example shown in Figure 3A, the MLI were stimulated at the circular location (location 1; 120 µm diameter) indicated by a white circle. Clear inhibitory responses were observed upon illumination (Figure 3A left, B). In this experiment, the IPSPs w ...
... resulting IPSPs were detected by VSD imaging. In the example shown in Figure 3A, the MLI were stimulated at the circular location (location 1; 120 µm diameter) indicated by a white circle. Clear inhibitory responses were observed upon illumination (Figure 3A left, B). In this experiment, the IPSPs w ...
![[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005320946_1-6eb469e446a066f466aecf70147008ff-300x300.png)
[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL
... Presumed cholinergic cells, which have been recorded across sleep-wake states, are most active in association with cortical activation of wakefulness or that of REMS (25, 26). Release of ACh is high in the thalamus in association with cortical activation of both states (27). These cholinergic neuron ...
... Presumed cholinergic cells, which have been recorded across sleep-wake states, are most active in association with cortical activation of wakefulness or that of REMS (25, 26). Release of ACh is high in the thalamus in association with cortical activation of both states (27). These cholinergic neuron ...
Binaural Interaction in the Nucleus Laminaris of the Barn Owl: A
... manner. The base rate a is simply the mean value of the NM period histogram. For a truly sinusoidal PH (a > b), the vector strength v can be expressed in a and b as v = b/2a. Hence, b can be estimated from the mean rate and the vector strength by b = 2a · v. Finally, the preferred phase of the NM ne ...
... manner. The base rate a is simply the mean value of the NM period histogram. For a truly sinusoidal PH (a > b), the vector strength v can be expressed in a and b as v = b/2a. Hence, b can be estimated from the mean rate and the vector strength by b = 2a · v. Finally, the preferred phase of the NM ne ...
Lab Activity Sheets
... Unfortunately, materials such as viruses and bacterial toxins might also be transported from the synaptic knobs to the cell bodies (which are usually in the brain or spinal cord) where they can do extensive damage. Several diseases enter the CNS (central nervous system) this way e.g. polio, rabies ...
... Unfortunately, materials such as viruses and bacterial toxins might also be transported from the synaptic knobs to the cell bodies (which are usually in the brain or spinal cord) where they can do extensive damage. Several diseases enter the CNS (central nervous system) this way e.g. polio, rabies ...
Nervous System I
... overshoot of depolarization, making the membrane more negative than -70mV. • Refractory Period: During the next few seconds, there is a refractory period and during this time no action potential can take place Nervous System ...
... overshoot of depolarization, making the membrane more negative than -70mV. • Refractory Period: During the next few seconds, there is a refractory period and during this time no action potential can take place Nervous System ...
Chapter 12: Neural Tissue
... - Oligodendrocytes have smaller cell bodies and fewer processes than astrocytes. Processes may contact other neuron cell bodies, or wrap around axons to form insulating myelin sheaths. An axon covered with myelin (myelinated) increases the speed of action potentials. - Myelinated segments of an axon ...
... - Oligodendrocytes have smaller cell bodies and fewer processes than astrocytes. Processes may contact other neuron cell bodies, or wrap around axons to form insulating myelin sheaths. An axon covered with myelin (myelinated) increases the speed of action potentials. - Myelinated segments of an axon ...
Frog Reflexes/synapses
... (about twice the strength of vinegar). Put this on the frog’s back or leg for 60 seconds or until you get a response. Then rinse the area with distilled water. Repeat 2-3 times at different places on the frog’s back, sides, or legs. 3 When the frog is calm, gently touch the two prongs of the stimula ...
... (about twice the strength of vinegar). Put this on the frog’s back or leg for 60 seconds or until you get a response. Then rinse the area with distilled water. Repeat 2-3 times at different places on the frog’s back, sides, or legs. 3 When the frog is calm, gently touch the two prongs of the stimula ...
Proprioception
... matrix can record the experience of pain and generate experiences of sensation on its own (4). When the matrix sends out signals to the missing limb and receives no response from proprioception the matrix registers a problem in the limb instead of no limb. When the brain recognizes something wrong i ...
... matrix can record the experience of pain and generate experiences of sensation on its own (4). When the matrix sends out signals to the missing limb and receives no response from proprioception the matrix registers a problem in the limb instead of no limb. When the brain recognizes something wrong i ...
Implications of Altered Brain Ganglioside Profiles in Amyotrophic
... motor cortex, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus cortex, showed abmo~malganglioside profiles. Two types of abmrma1 patterns were detected. One, present in 14 'of the ALS brains, had reduced proportions of GQlb, GTlb, and GDlb, and elevated proportions of GM2 and GD3 (Fig. 1) ...
... motor cortex, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus cortex, showed abmo~malganglioside profiles. Two types of abmrma1 patterns were detected. One, present in 14 'of the ALS brains, had reduced proportions of GQlb, GTlb, and GDlb, and elevated proportions of GM2 and GD3 (Fig. 1) ...
A cytoarchitectonic and TH-immunohistochemistry
... functional aspects of these neuronal groups in this species, broadening the basis for understanding evolutionary processes associated with the nuclear organization of this neuronal system. 2. Materials and methods Four young adult rock cavies (two males and two females), weighing between 300 and 400 ...
... functional aspects of these neuronal groups in this species, broadening the basis for understanding evolutionary processes associated with the nuclear organization of this neuronal system. 2. Materials and methods Four young adult rock cavies (two males and two females), weighing between 300 and 400 ...
Neuronal Competition and Selection During Memory Formation
... portion of winners emerge from a larger pool of eligible neurons suggests a competitive selection process. These studies reveal multiple aspects of this competition by advantaging (CREBWT) and disadvantaging (CREBS133A) subsets of neurons (Fig. 4B). The precise mechanism by which CREB confers a comp ...
... portion of winners emerge from a larger pool of eligible neurons suggests a competitive selection process. These studies reveal multiple aspects of this competition by advantaging (CREBWT) and disadvantaging (CREBS133A) subsets of neurons (Fig. 4B). The precise mechanism by which CREB confers a comp ...
autonomic nervous system
... – Alpha1 and Beta1 receptors produce excitation – Alpha2 and Beta2 receptors cause inhibition – Beta3 receptors (brown fat) increase thermogenesis • Effects triggered by adrenergic neurons typically are longer lasting than those triggered by cholinergic neurons. • Table 15.2 describes the location o ...
... – Alpha1 and Beta1 receptors produce excitation – Alpha2 and Beta2 receptors cause inhibition – Beta3 receptors (brown fat) increase thermogenesis • Effects triggered by adrenergic neurons typically are longer lasting than those triggered by cholinergic neurons. • Table 15.2 describes the location o ...
An Integrate-and-fire Model of Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Activity during Performance of Goal-directed
... rules of goal-directed behavior necessary to perform the correct actions based on perception to accomplish different tasks. The activity of orbitofrontal neurons changes dependent upon the specific task or goal involved, but the functional role of this activity in performance of specific tasks has n ...
... rules of goal-directed behavior necessary to perform the correct actions based on perception to accomplish different tasks. The activity of orbitofrontal neurons changes dependent upon the specific task or goal involved, but the functional role of this activity in performance of specific tasks has n ...
Progress Report – Glover
... To obtain better information about the fine structure and axonal organization of neurons in the central nervous system, we have also established a collaboration with the EM facility at the Department of Biology, University of Oslo, to examine serial reconstructions of the the two ganglia and the cau ...
... To obtain better information about the fine structure and axonal organization of neurons in the central nervous system, we have also established a collaboration with the EM facility at the Department of Biology, University of Oslo, to examine serial reconstructions of the the two ganglia and the cau ...
NSCI 525 RWood 1-22-15
... vesicles in boutons at the end of a long axon. However, unlike typical neurons, the axon terminals of neuroendocrine neurons are in close proximity to capillaries. Transmitters released at the axon terminals enter the capillary lumen. Most neuroendocrine neurons release their products near capillari ...
... vesicles in boutons at the end of a long axon. However, unlike typical neurons, the axon terminals of neuroendocrine neurons are in close proximity to capillaries. Transmitters released at the axon terminals enter the capillary lumen. Most neuroendocrine neurons release their products near capillari ...
Whole-brain functional imaging at cellular resolution using light
... oscillations in the inferior olive. ...
... oscillations in the inferior olive. ...
Amsterdam Brn Adapt View P3
... To examine the roles of learning vs. other consequences of training on neuronal changes, we have utilized paradigms in which the consequences of learning would be focused in particular regions in the brain for which other regions could serve as control or comparison samples. In one early study, Cha ...
... To examine the roles of learning vs. other consequences of training on neuronal changes, we have utilized paradigms in which the consequences of learning would be focused in particular regions in the brain for which other regions could serve as control or comparison samples. In one early study, Cha ...
Irregular persistent activity induced by synaptic excitatory feedback
... Most models of working memory in recurrent neuronal circuits (reviewed in Brunel, 2004) generate persistent activity due to excitatory feedback loops in such circuits. These models are able to account for the firing rates observed in such tasks (Amit and Brunel, 1997; Brunel, 2000; Brunel and Wang, 2 ...
... Most models of working memory in recurrent neuronal circuits (reviewed in Brunel, 2004) generate persistent activity due to excitatory feedback loops in such circuits. These models are able to account for the firing rates observed in such tasks (Amit and Brunel, 1997; Brunel, 2000; Brunel and Wang, 2 ...