Role of the basal ganglia in conditional associative learning
... The arbitrary mapping of sensory information onto action forms an important element of the intelligent behavior of primates (also called conditional associative learning). The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops are thought to play a key role in such behavior. The present research was under ...
... The arbitrary mapping of sensory information onto action forms an important element of the intelligent behavior of primates (also called conditional associative learning). The cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops are thought to play a key role in such behavior. The present research was under ...
Neural ensemble coding and statistical periodicity: Speculations on
... respectively, the values of x at times t and t+ 1. This map is referred to as the tent map because of its graphical appearance [98]. The variable x could be taken to represent, for example, the instantaneous neural firing rate or the inter-spike interval. Models of the nervous system in which time i ...
... respectively, the values of x at times t and t+ 1. This map is referred to as the tent map because of its graphical appearance [98]. The variable x could be taken to represent, for example, the instantaneous neural firing rate or the inter-spike interval. Models of the nervous system in which time i ...
Small Networks
... “Noise” in the nervous system • “The brain is noisy.” (Ermentrout et al, 2008) • “Noise…poses a fundamental problem for information processing and affects all aspects of nervous-system function.” (Faisal et al, 2008) • In the context of the “neural code”… – For rate code: “variations in inter-spike ...
... “Noise” in the nervous system • “The brain is noisy.” (Ermentrout et al, 2008) • “Noise…poses a fundamental problem for information processing and affects all aspects of nervous-system function.” (Faisal et al, 2008) • In the context of the “neural code”… – For rate code: “variations in inter-spike ...
Self-organization and interareal networks™in™the™primate cortex
... the developmental process where the gene is expressed, thereby testifying on the one hand to the complexity of the developmental process, and on the other indicating the limitations of the reductionist approach. An alternative but complementary approach is to record events during development in such ...
... the developmental process where the gene is expressed, thereby testifying on the one hand to the complexity of the developmental process, and on the other indicating the limitations of the reductionist approach. An alternative but complementary approach is to record events during development in such ...
Nervous Lecture Test Questions – Set 1
... b. support neurons, by attaching to them and to capillaries c. are phagocytic d. form the myelin of CNS axons e. form the myelin of PNS axons ...
... b. support neurons, by attaching to them and to capillaries c. are phagocytic d. form the myelin of CNS axons e. form the myelin of PNS axons ...
Luczak, 2015 - University of Lethbridge
... How long are the activity packets evoked by sensory stimuli? The duration of stimulus-evoked packets can be estimated as the period from response onset to the time at which most neurons cease their stimulusdriven activity. Although small changes in firing rate induced by stimuli can sometimes be fou ...
... How long are the activity packets evoked by sensory stimuli? The duration of stimulus-evoked packets can be estimated as the period from response onset to the time at which most neurons cease their stimulusdriven activity. Although small changes in firing rate induced by stimuli can sometimes be fou ...
Spatial tuning of reaching activity in the medial parieto
... epochs could start before the onset of arm movement in case the neural modulation preceded the movement onset. M1 and M2 duration changed trial by trial according to the duration of the neural discharge. (v) HOLD. From the end of the forward reach (LED pressing) to the onset of neural response relat ...
... epochs could start before the onset of arm movement in case the neural modulation preceded the movement onset. M1 and M2 duration changed trial by trial according to the duration of the neural discharge. (v) HOLD. From the end of the forward reach (LED pressing) to the onset of neural response relat ...
DEEP LEARNING REVIEW
... where it started. • More complicated to train because of the complicated architecture. • More biologically realistic. • Can efficiently model sequential data. • They have the ability to remember information in their hidden state for a long time. o Very hard to train them to use this potential. ...
... where it started. • More complicated to train because of the complicated architecture. • More biologically realistic. • Can efficiently model sequential data. • They have the ability to remember information in their hidden state for a long time. o Very hard to train them to use this potential. ...
Dual single unit recording in Globus Pallidus (GP) and Subthalamic
... Dual single unit recordings from GP and STN reveal either an in-phase or out-of-phase relationship between the two nuclei. A. An in-phase relationship is represented by firing rates that change in the same direction (increase or decrease) in both GP and STN. B An out-ofphase relationship is represen ...
... Dual single unit recordings from GP and STN reveal either an in-phase or out-of-phase relationship between the two nuclei. A. An in-phase relationship is represented by firing rates that change in the same direction (increase or decrease) in both GP and STN. B An out-ofphase relationship is represen ...
Stochastic dynamics as a principle of brain function
... factor in a network with a finite (i.e., limited) number of neurons. The spiking noise can be described as introducing statistical fluctuations into the finite-size system. It is important that the outcome that is reached, and not just its time course, is influenced on each trial by these statistical flu ...
... factor in a network with a finite (i.e., limited) number of neurons. The spiking noise can be described as introducing statistical fluctuations into the finite-size system. It is important that the outcome that is reached, and not just its time course, is influenced on each trial by these statistical flu ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... toward the animal. The absolute direction of visual motion was not as important for these cells as the trajectory of the stimulus: the best stimulus was one moving toward a particular point on the face from any direction. 6. VIP neurons were not active in relation to saccadic eye movements. Some neu ...
... toward the animal. The absolute direction of visual motion was not as important for these cells as the trajectory of the stimulus: the best stimulus was one moving toward a particular point on the face from any direction. 6. VIP neurons were not active in relation to saccadic eye movements. Some neu ...
Synaptic Democracy and Vesicular Transport in Axons
... body (soma) of a neuron can play an effective role in neuronal function. For example, stimulated synapses far from the soma are unlikely to influence the firing of a neuron unless some sort of active dendritic processing occurs. Analogously, the motor-driven transport of newly synthesized proteins f ...
... body (soma) of a neuron can play an effective role in neuronal function. For example, stimulated synapses far from the soma are unlikely to influence the firing of a neuron unless some sort of active dendritic processing occurs. Analogously, the motor-driven transport of newly synthesized proteins f ...
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a structure
... The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is considered an integral regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis (Cullinan et al. 1993; Dong et al. 2001a; Georges and Aston-Jones 2001, 2002; Herman and Cullinan 1997; Herman et al. 2002; McDonald et al. 1999; Moga et al. 1989; Sap ...
... The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is considered an integral regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis (Cullinan et al. 1993; Dong et al. 2001a; Georges and Aston-Jones 2001, 2002; Herman and Cullinan 1997; Herman et al. 2002; McDonald et al. 1999; Moga et al. 1989; Sap ...
Information Processing in Motor Learning
... As we execute movements, the receptors in our bodies continually update the CNS about the nature of our actions ...
... As we execute movements, the receptors in our bodies continually update the CNS about the nature of our actions ...
Information Processing in Motor Learning
... As we execute movements, the receptors in our bodies continually update the CNS about the nature of our actions ...
... As we execute movements, the receptors in our bodies continually update the CNS about the nature of our actions ...
Motor Threshold - McCausland Center For Brain Imaging
... When performing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) the relative intensity or strength of stimulation is often referred to as % of Motor Threshold (MT). MT is a patient specific value for each subject or patient which is demined before the TMS session. When a magnetic coil is discharged over the ...
... When performing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) the relative intensity or strength of stimulation is often referred to as % of Motor Threshold (MT). MT is a patient specific value for each subject or patient which is demined before the TMS session. When a magnetic coil is discharged over the ...
Motor Threshold - McCausland Center | Brain Imaging
... When performing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) the relative intensity or strength of stimulation is often referred to as % of Motor Threshold (MT). MT is a patient specific value for each subject or patient which is demined before the TMS session. When a magnetic coil is discharged over the ...
... When performing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) the relative intensity or strength of stimulation is often referred to as % of Motor Threshold (MT). MT is a patient specific value for each subject or patient which is demined before the TMS session. When a magnetic coil is discharged over the ...
Cerebellum. - Department of Physiology
... contains: (1) a single type of efferent neuron, the Purkinje cells (PCs), which are inhibitory and project to the cerebellar nucleus (CN) and to the vestibular nucleus; and (2) five main classes of interneuron, three of which are inhibitory (stellate cells, basket cells, and Golgi cells) and two are ...
... contains: (1) a single type of efferent neuron, the Purkinje cells (PCs), which are inhibitory and project to the cerebellar nucleus (CN) and to the vestibular nucleus; and (2) five main classes of interneuron, three of which are inhibitory (stellate cells, basket cells, and Golgi cells) and two are ...
Somatosensory Substrates of Flight Control in Bats
... camber, akin to grip, when changing directions or adjusting to wind patterns. Although behavioral evidence establishes a role for wing tactile inputs in bat flight (Sterbing-D’Angelo et al., 2011), little is known about the identities and organization of somatosensory circuit components in bat wings ...
... camber, akin to grip, when changing directions or adjusting to wind patterns. Although behavioral evidence establishes a role for wing tactile inputs in bat flight (Sterbing-D’Angelo et al., 2011), little is known about the identities and organization of somatosensory circuit components in bat wings ...
Motor pathway injury in patients with
... Periventricular leucomalacia has long been investigated as a leading cause of motor and cognitive dysfunction in patients with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. However, patients with periventricular leucomalacia on conventional magnetic resonance imaging do not always have motor dysfunction and pret ...
... Periventricular leucomalacia has long been investigated as a leading cause of motor and cognitive dysfunction in patients with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. However, patients with periventricular leucomalacia on conventional magnetic resonance imaging do not always have motor dysfunction and pret ...
PROJECTIONS OF THE AMYGDALOID BODY TO THE INSULAR
... According to Krettek and Price (5), the lateral nucleus in the cat projects only to the posterior part of the agranular insular cortex, these connections arising only in the ventral part of the lateral nucleus. Mufson et al. (9) obsewed in Macacca the labeling of lateral nucleus neurons after the ad ...
... According to Krettek and Price (5), the lateral nucleus in the cat projects only to the posterior part of the agranular insular cortex, these connections arising only in the ventral part of the lateral nucleus. Mufson et al. (9) obsewed in Macacca the labeling of lateral nucleus neurons after the ad ...
Muscle Control Introduction: One of the symptoms of IBMPFD (see
... atrophy, other muscles replace their function, e.g., one naturally uses more arm strength more when the leg muscles atrophy first. However, in some cases the muscles that are not performing automatically actually are still capable of some activity. One must exert a conscious directive to use those m ...
... atrophy, other muscles replace their function, e.g., one naturally uses more arm strength more when the leg muscles atrophy first. However, in some cases the muscles that are not performing automatically actually are still capable of some activity. One must exert a conscious directive to use those m ...
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory
... Aversive olfactory memory is formed in the mushroom bodies in Drosophila melanogaster. Memory retrieval requires mushroom body output, but the manner in which a memory trace in the mushroom body drives conditioned avoidance of a learned odor remains unknown. To identify neurons that are involved in ...
... Aversive olfactory memory is formed in the mushroom bodies in Drosophila melanogaster. Memory retrieval requires mushroom body output, but the manner in which a memory trace in the mushroom body drives conditioned avoidance of a learned odor remains unknown. To identify neurons that are involved in ...
CORTICAL AFFERENT INPUT TO THE PRINCIPALS REGION OF THE RHESUS MONKEY H.
... temporal cortex (areas 20, 21 or TE) have been implicated in visual function on the basis of behavioral, anatomic and electrophysiologic experiments (for reviews see Refs 88, 89, 95 and 98). In the present experiment labeled neurons were found in areas OA and TE. Labeled neurons within peristriate a ...
... temporal cortex (areas 20, 21 or TE) have been implicated in visual function on the basis of behavioral, anatomic and electrophysiologic experiments (for reviews see Refs 88, 89, 95 and 98). In the present experiment labeled neurons were found in areas OA and TE. Labeled neurons within peristriate a ...