Simulations of neuromuscular control in lamprey swimming
... excitatory synapses to all other ipsilateral neurons, including the motor neurons. The E-type is believed to be the cause of sustained activity during a burst. The C-neurons inhibit all contralateral neurons and their primary role may therefore be to ensure that only one side is active at a time. Th ...
... excitatory synapses to all other ipsilateral neurons, including the motor neurons. The E-type is believed to be the cause of sustained activity during a burst. The C-neurons inhibit all contralateral neurons and their primary role may therefore be to ensure that only one side is active at a time. Th ...
Interoception and Emotion: a Neuroanatomical Perspective
... operations are ephemeral, and it is organized in series of processing areas and nested hierarchies that form networks, so it is difficult to analyze. Studies of the effects of lesions and stimulation first identified the sensory regions (for vision, audition, and touch) and the motor regions (for sk ...
... operations are ephemeral, and it is organized in series of processing areas and nested hierarchies that form networks, so it is difficult to analyze. Studies of the effects of lesions and stimulation first identified the sensory regions (for vision, audition, and touch) and the motor regions (for sk ...
Von Economo Neurons in the Elephant Brain
... As has been observed in humans, great apes, and cetaceans, the VENs of the elephant are primarily found in layer 5 of the cortical regions that contain them, along with populations of other large pyramidal neurons with distinctive morphologies such as the compass cells, which were also described by ...
... As has been observed in humans, great apes, and cetaceans, the VENs of the elephant are primarily found in layer 5 of the cortical regions that contain them, along with populations of other large pyramidal neurons with distinctive morphologies such as the compass cells, which were also described by ...
Building Production Systems with Realistic Spiking Neurons Terrence C. Stewart ()
... desired, then it is unclear as to whether we should require a molecular, atomic, or quantum level of description. Below a certain level, there may be no advantage to going deeper, as the lower level implementation does not significantly affect the upper level behaviour. We believe that the neural le ...
... desired, then it is unclear as to whether we should require a molecular, atomic, or quantum level of description. Below a certain level, there may be no advantage to going deeper, as the lower level implementation does not significantly affect the upper level behaviour. We believe that the neural le ...
www.goertzel.org/dynapsyc/2007/mirrorself.pdf
... generating the phenomenal self and the brain structures generating the virtual others. That is, they are part of the dynamics of the self as well as part of the interactions between self and actual others. The key point is that human self is intrinsically not autonomous and independent, but rather ...
... generating the phenomenal self and the brain structures generating the virtual others. That is, they are part of the dynamics of the self as well as part of the interactions between self and actual others. The key point is that human self is intrinsically not autonomous and independent, but rather ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... The autonomic nervous system regulates activities that are involuntary, or not under conscious control. Example: when you start to run, the autonomic nervous system increases heart rate and blood flow to the skeletal muscles, stimulates the sweat glands, ...
... The autonomic nervous system regulates activities that are involuntary, or not under conscious control. Example: when you start to run, the autonomic nervous system increases heart rate and blood flow to the skeletal muscles, stimulates the sweat glands, ...
Predictions not commands: active inference in the motor system
... how causes interact: e.g. that objects maintain a constant size irrespective of their distance from the observer. This inferential process is fundamentally Bayesian, as it involves the construction of a posterior probability density from a prior distribution over causes and sensory data. The brain c ...
... how causes interact: e.g. that objects maintain a constant size irrespective of their distance from the observer. This inferential process is fundamentally Bayesian, as it involves the construction of a posterior probability density from a prior distribution over causes and sensory data. The brain c ...
Model of Cortical-Basal Ganglionic Processing: Encoding the Serial
... of the subsequent sequential actions (Barone and Joseph 1989; Kermadi and Joseph 1995; Kermadi et al. 1993; Mushiake and Strick 1995; Tanji and Shima 1994). Such activity could represent commands for the conversion of a spatial pattern of activation into the temporal domain of movement. Together, th ...
... of the subsequent sequential actions (Barone and Joseph 1989; Kermadi and Joseph 1995; Kermadi et al. 1993; Mushiake and Strick 1995; Tanji and Shima 1994). Such activity could represent commands for the conversion of a spatial pattern of activation into the temporal domain of movement. Together, th ...
Involvement of the Caudal Medulla in Negative Feedback
... heat stimuli to the excitatory receptive fields and simultaneously to adjacent, much larger, areas of the body results in a surfacerelated reduction in the responses of lumbar dorsal horn convergent neurons. These inhibitory effects induced by spatial summation of nociceptive inputs have been shown ...
... heat stimuli to the excitatory receptive fields and simultaneously to adjacent, much larger, areas of the body results in a surfacerelated reduction in the responses of lumbar dorsal horn convergent neurons. These inhibitory effects induced by spatial summation of nociceptive inputs have been shown ...
Two-photon imaging and analysis of neural network dynamics
... of action potentials (APs) generated by neurons. This approach has been employed successfully for more than half a century on the microscopic level by extracellular recordings of individual neurons (Jung et al 1957, Mountcastle et al 1957, Hubel and Wiesel 1959). Spikes have been recorded from indiv ...
... of action potentials (APs) generated by neurons. This approach has been employed successfully for more than half a century on the microscopic level by extracellular recordings of individual neurons (Jung et al 1957, Mountcastle et al 1957, Hubel and Wiesel 1959). Spikes have been recorded from indiv ...
Signaling by truncated Dab1 protein - Development
... eventual settling and differentiation (Caviness and Rakic, 1978; Hatten, 1993; Hatten and Heintz, 1995; Rakic and Caviness, 1995). These migration routes and settling points are defined by short-range and long-range cues from the surrounding environment, many of which later guide axonal growth cones ...
... eventual settling and differentiation (Caviness and Rakic, 1978; Hatten, 1993; Hatten and Heintz, 1995; Rakic and Caviness, 1995). These migration routes and settling points are defined by short-range and long-range cues from the surrounding environment, many of which later guide axonal growth cones ...
The role responses of expression and identity in the face
... visual stimuli with latencies just greater than 100 ms. Recordings of fixation usually confirmed that the monkeys fixated during this period of firing rate measurement, but trials with poor fixation were rejected from the analysis. The neuronal response shown in the figures is the firing rate to a g ...
... visual stimuli with latencies just greater than 100 ms. Recordings of fixation usually confirmed that the monkeys fixated during this period of firing rate measurement, but trials with poor fixation were rejected from the analysis. The neuronal response shown in the figures is the firing rate to a g ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... [6] and requires in some situations the uncertainty of the reinforcer [7]. Uncertainty is different from probability; it is highest at probability (p)¼0.5 and decreases toward lower and higher probabilities, where reward absence or presence becomes increasingly certain. Uncertainty can be assessed a ...
... [6] and requires in some situations the uncertainty of the reinforcer [7]. Uncertainty is different from probability; it is highest at probability (p)¼0.5 and decreases toward lower and higher probabilities, where reward absence or presence becomes increasingly certain. Uncertainty can be assessed a ...
Neuronal calcium-binding proteins 1/2 localize to dorsal root ganglia
... C terminus, which are linked by a NECAB homogeneous region (22). NECAB1/2 are restricted to the nervous system, whereas NECAB3 is also expressed in the heart and skeletal muscle (21). NECAB1 was first identified as the target protein of synaptotagmin I C2A-domain by affinity chromatography, with its ...
... C terminus, which are linked by a NECAB homogeneous region (22). NECAB1/2 are restricted to the nervous system, whereas NECAB3 is also expressed in the heart and skeletal muscle (21). NECAB1 was first identified as the target protein of synaptotagmin I C2A-domain by affinity chromatography, with its ...
Sensorimotor Neural Plasticity following Hand Transplantation
... regenerate through the injury site towards distal territories, reinnervation oftargets does not always lead to adequate recovery ofmotor and sensory function" (Navarro et al., 2007). There are many factors that can lead to there being poor functional recovery with peripheral nerve injuries. The firs ...
... regenerate through the injury site towards distal territories, reinnervation oftargets does not always lead to adequate recovery ofmotor and sensory function" (Navarro et al., 2007). There are many factors that can lead to there being poor functional recovery with peripheral nerve injuries. The firs ...
CHAPTER 10: NERVOUS SYSTEM I
... An NI is similar to a row of dominos falling (i.e. once the first domino falls, the entire row will fall). ...
... An NI is similar to a row of dominos falling (i.e. once the first domino falls, the entire row will fall). ...
CHAPTER 10: NERVOUS SYSTEM I
... An NI is similar to a row of dominos falling (i.e. once the first domino falls, the entire row will fall). ...
... An NI is similar to a row of dominos falling (i.e. once the first domino falls, the entire row will fall). ...
Guided outgrowth of leech neurons in culture
... Guided outgrowth of leech neurons by lanes of native ECM protein resembles guidance of DRG neurons [6, 7]. The length of guided neurites, however, is hundreds of micrometers, i.e. distinctly longer than reported for DRG neurons. Leech neurons do not grow on irradiated substrate in contrast to the DR ...
... Guided outgrowth of leech neurons by lanes of native ECM protein resembles guidance of DRG neurons [6, 7]. The length of guided neurites, however, is hundreds of micrometers, i.e. distinctly longer than reported for DRG neurons. Leech neurons do not grow on irradiated substrate in contrast to the DR ...
Introduction to the Nervous System
... Organization of the Nervous System Although terminology seems to indicate otherwise, there is really only one nervous system in the body. Although each subdivision of the system is also called a "nervous system," all of these smaller systems belong to the single, highly integrated nervous system. Ea ...
... Organization of the Nervous System Although terminology seems to indicate otherwise, there is really only one nervous system in the body. Although each subdivision of the system is also called a "nervous system," all of these smaller systems belong to the single, highly integrated nervous system. Ea ...
Neuroscience 1b – Spinal Cord Dysfunction
... Sensory tracts are both arranged segmentally, i.e. the fibres from the same level run together in the tract The Dorsal Column Pathway One function is to re-arrange the input from dermatomes of the primary sensory fibres into the grossly distorted map of the body surface seen in the primary senso ...
... Sensory tracts are both arranged segmentally, i.e. the fibres from the same level run together in the tract The Dorsal Column Pathway One function is to re-arrange the input from dermatomes of the primary sensory fibres into the grossly distorted map of the body surface seen in the primary senso ...
Chapter 8 – Perceiving Motion
... o Answer: as the stimulus sweeps across the retina, it activates directionally selective neurons in the cortex that respond to orientated bars that are moving in a specific direction The response of single directionally selective neuron does not provide sufficient information to indicate the direc ...
... o Answer: as the stimulus sweeps across the retina, it activates directionally selective neurons in the cortex that respond to orientated bars that are moving in a specific direction The response of single directionally selective neuron does not provide sufficient information to indicate the direc ...
On-line, voluntary control of human temporal lobe
... units generates a trajectory in a four-dimensional space. This was projected onto a one-dimensional walk along a line given by the competing representation of the target and the distractor image and visualized onto an external display. This path that subjects take may be analogous to the movement of ...
... units generates a trajectory in a four-dimensional space. This was projected onto a one-dimensional walk along a line given by the competing representation of the target and the distractor image and visualized onto an external display. This path that subjects take may be analogous to the movement of ...
Chapter 15 the autonomic nervous system -
... - much of the viscera has excitatory and inhibitory fibers - these opposite affects are cooperative in nature when the sym and parasym act on different effectors for a unified response or the desired effect - in some cases the antagonistic affects are equal but - in some areas one system has much mo ...
... - much of the viscera has excitatory and inhibitory fibers - these opposite affects are cooperative in nature when the sym and parasym act on different effectors for a unified response or the desired effect - in some cases the antagonistic affects are equal but - in some areas one system has much mo ...
What exactly does fMRI tell us?
... 2. Temporal summation works, but experiments may miss it: These experiments observed primary sensory and motor areas. In such areas, Short-duration stimuli are expected to evoke disproportionately large neural responses for ~3s. This is because such neurons: - Show large transient responses after st ...
... 2. Temporal summation works, but experiments may miss it: These experiments observed primary sensory and motor areas. In such areas, Short-duration stimuli are expected to evoke disproportionately large neural responses for ~3s. This is because such neurons: - Show large transient responses after st ...