Urinary System Notes Ch 26 2014
... when blood pressure falls. Low blood pressure>>>Renin (enzyme release by kidney)>>>Angiotensinogen (a plasma protein produced by the liver) is converted by renin into>>>Angiotensin I, which is then converted by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) into>>>Angiotensin II (an active hormone) which cause ...
... when blood pressure falls. Low blood pressure>>>Renin (enzyme release by kidney)>>>Angiotensinogen (a plasma protein produced by the liver) is converted by renin into>>>Angiotensin I, which is then converted by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) into>>>Angiotensin II (an active hormone) which cause ...
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
... FIGURE 2.1 A neuron, or nerve cell. In the right foreground you can see a nerve cell fiber in cross section. The upper left photo gives a more realistic picture of the shape of neurons. Nerve impulses usually travel from the dendrites and soma to the branching ends of the axon. The nerve cell shown ...
... FIGURE 2.1 A neuron, or nerve cell. In the right foreground you can see a nerve cell fiber in cross section. The upper left photo gives a more realistic picture of the shape of neurons. Nerve impulses usually travel from the dendrites and soma to the branching ends of the axon. The nerve cell shown ...
Poison apparatus
... * Phosphodiesterases are used to interfere with the prey's cardiac system, mainly to lower the blood pressure. * Phospholipase A2 causes hemolysis by lysing the phospholipid cell membranes of red blood cells. * Snake venom inhibits cholinesterase to make the prey lose muscle control. * Hyaluronidas ...
... * Phosphodiesterases are used to interfere with the prey's cardiac system, mainly to lower the blood pressure. * Phospholipase A2 causes hemolysis by lysing the phospholipid cell membranes of red blood cells. * Snake venom inhibits cholinesterase to make the prey lose muscle control. * Hyaluronidas ...
Understanding Neurotransmission and the Disease of Addiction
... Consequently, in order to cross the tiny intercellular gap that separates one cell from the next, the information takes the form of a chemical signal. The specialized chemicals that carry the signals across the intercellular gaps, or synapses, are, thus, called neurotransmitters. ...
... Consequently, in order to cross the tiny intercellular gap that separates one cell from the next, the information takes the form of a chemical signal. The specialized chemicals that carry the signals across the intercellular gaps, or synapses, are, thus, called neurotransmitters. ...
hydroxytryptamine-containing neurons in the snail Effect of
... There is evidence for trans-synaptic regulation of enzyme synthesis in the adrenergic neurons of the superior cervical ganglion. In the superior cervical ganglia of the adult rat the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase responds to stress and various drug treatments by an increase in its activity (Thoenen et ...
... There is evidence for trans-synaptic regulation of enzyme synthesis in the adrenergic neurons of the superior cervical ganglion. In the superior cervical ganglia of the adult rat the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase responds to stress and various drug treatments by an increase in its activity (Thoenen et ...
Chapter 6
... Each photoreceptor consists of an inner segment and an outer segment, which contains several hundred lamellae (thin plate of membrane) ...
... Each photoreceptor consists of an inner segment and an outer segment, which contains several hundred lamellae (thin plate of membrane) ...
part ii: the animal mind - Neural and Mental Evolution
... enables them to use available raw materials to grow and repair themselves; (ii) a coding and transcription apparatus that provides them with a blueprint for the regulation of their metabolic, morphogenetic and regenerative processes; and (iii) a genetic apparatus that enables some individuals to pas ...
... enables them to use available raw materials to grow and repair themselves; (ii) a coding and transcription apparatus that provides them with a blueprint for the regulation of their metabolic, morphogenetic and regenerative processes; and (iii) a genetic apparatus that enables some individuals to pas ...
Movement
... as gravity or an antagonistic muscle, pulls the muscle back to its original length. ...
... as gravity or an antagonistic muscle, pulls the muscle back to its original length. ...
Electrodiagnosis
... * Axonotemesis (second-degree injury): Degeneration of the axons takes place but the sheath of the nerve remain intact (radial nerve palsy). There is alternation in the electrical reactions. Prognosis takes 3 to 12 months, if there is full RD and 6 to 12 weeks, if there is partial RD. * Neurotemesis ...
... * Axonotemesis (second-degree injury): Degeneration of the axons takes place but the sheath of the nerve remain intact (radial nerve palsy). There is alternation in the electrical reactions. Prognosis takes 3 to 12 months, if there is full RD and 6 to 12 weeks, if there is partial RD. * Neurotemesis ...
Changes in Prefrontal Neuronal Activity after
... strategies in the task, increasing efficiency (Klingberg 2010). Even an unequivocal change in brain activation after learning to perform a working memory task cannot resolve the nature of underlying neuronal changes. In principle, increased activation could be the result of a larger cortical populati ...
... strategies in the task, increasing efficiency (Klingberg 2010). Even an unequivocal change in brain activation after learning to perform a working memory task cannot resolve the nature of underlying neuronal changes. In principle, increased activation could be the result of a larger cortical populati ...
Ingestive Behaviour Chapter 12
... distinguish between different tastes. respond to hunger and satiety signals (drink more sucrose if food deprived for 24 hrs., less if some has been injected into stomach). • Suggests brainstem has circuits that can detect hunger and satiety signals, and control some aspects of food intake (fig. 12.2 ...
... distinguish between different tastes. respond to hunger and satiety signals (drink more sucrose if food deprived for 24 hrs., less if some has been injected into stomach). • Suggests brainstem has circuits that can detect hunger and satiety signals, and control some aspects of food intake (fig. 12.2 ...
Cellular-synaptic generation of EEG activity
... Ca2+ ions, flow inwardly at an excitatory synapse (i. e., from the activated postsynaptic site to the other parts of the cell) and outwardly away from it. Such an outward current is referred to as a passive return current from the intracellular milieu to the extracellular space. Inhibitory loop curr ...
... Ca2+ ions, flow inwardly at an excitatory synapse (i. e., from the activated postsynaptic site to the other parts of the cell) and outwardly away from it. Such an outward current is referred to as a passive return current from the intracellular milieu to the extracellular space. Inhibitory loop curr ...
Medical Terminology
... Anaerobic – work or exercise not requiring oxygen (sprints) Anatomy – study of structure or form Analgesic – an agent for producing insensibility to pain Arthritis – chronic inflammation of the joints ...
... Anaerobic – work or exercise not requiring oxygen (sprints) Anatomy – study of structure or form Analgesic – an agent for producing insensibility to pain Arthritis – chronic inflammation of the joints ...
COLOUR VISION Newton`s Prism Experiments: a white light beam
... Mechanisms Summary: Several key areas of the brain contain neurons that respond to sensory inputs from two or more modalities (e.g., superior colliculus, parietal, temporal and prefrontal cortex) and are superadditive. Needs revision to include direct connections between sensory areas, & more extens ...
... Mechanisms Summary: Several key areas of the brain contain neurons that respond to sensory inputs from two or more modalities (e.g., superior colliculus, parietal, temporal and prefrontal cortex) and are superadditive. Needs revision to include direct connections between sensory areas, & more extens ...
Transvascular and Intrastitial Transport File
... Vascular permeability • Capacity of a blood vessel wall to allow for the flow of small molecules (ions, water, nutrients) or even whole cells (lymphocytes on their way to the site of inflammation) in and out of the vessel. • Flux across membrane J=P*S*∆C – J= rate of mass flow kg/s (not kg/m2*s) – ...
... Vascular permeability • Capacity of a blood vessel wall to allow for the flow of small molecules (ions, water, nutrients) or even whole cells (lymphocytes on their way to the site of inflammation) in and out of the vessel. • Flux across membrane J=P*S*∆C – J= rate of mass flow kg/s (not kg/m2*s) – ...
Sensory receptors in the anterior uvea of the cat`s eye. An in
... the units. Warming the receptive field recruited 20% of the explored units, whereas 17% were activated by low temperature. Conclusions. Two main functional types of sensory fibers innervating the iris and the ciliary body were distinguished: (1) mechanoreceptors, corresponding to afferent units sens ...
... the units. Warming the receptive field recruited 20% of the explored units, whereas 17% were activated by low temperature. Conclusions. Two main functional types of sensory fibers innervating the iris and the ciliary body were distinguished: (1) mechanoreceptors, corresponding to afferent units sens ...
Medical Terminology
... Anaerobic – work or exercise not requiring oxygen (sprints) Anatomy – study of structure or form Analgesic – an agent for producing insensibility to pain Arthritis – chronic inflammation of the joints ...
... Anaerobic – work or exercise not requiring oxygen (sprints) Anatomy – study of structure or form Analgesic – an agent for producing insensibility to pain Arthritis – chronic inflammation of the joints ...
Chapter 3—The Brain and Behavior
... The parasympathetic nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The somatic nervous system consists of sensory nerves. The sympathetic nervous system is involved when we are in a relaxed state. Nerves are the basic unit of the nervous system. Glial cells transmit messages throughout th ...
... The parasympathetic nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The somatic nervous system consists of sensory nerves. The sympathetic nervous system is involved when we are in a relaxed state. Nerves are the basic unit of the nervous system. Glial cells transmit messages throughout th ...
b. choroid coat
... The pharyngotympanic tube connects the throat with which part of the ear? a. External ear b. Middle ear c. Internal ear d. Cochlear duct BACK TO GAME ...
... The pharyngotympanic tube connects the throat with which part of the ear? a. External ear b. Middle ear c. Internal ear d. Cochlear duct BACK TO GAME ...
An octopaminergic system in the CNS of the snails, Lymnaea
... hyperpolarised by OC stimulation. N2 interneurons have a variable (probably polysynaptic) effect on the activity of the OC neurons. N3 (swallowing) phase: OC neurons are strongly coupled to both N3 phase (B4, B4cluster, B8) motoneurons and N3p interneurons by electrical synaptic connections. Moreove ...
... hyperpolarised by OC stimulation. N2 interneurons have a variable (probably polysynaptic) effect on the activity of the OC neurons. N3 (swallowing) phase: OC neurons are strongly coupled to both N3 phase (B4, B4cluster, B8) motoneurons and N3p interneurons by electrical synaptic connections. Moreove ...
Kardinia International College
... processing emotions – in this context – fear. Noradrenaline: mediates the physiological symptoms of fear / anxiety through the sympathetic nervous system. The HPA Axis and Adrenaline are involved with the stress response. HPA Axis activity results in the release of Cortisol from the Adrenal Gland ab ...
... processing emotions – in this context – fear. Noradrenaline: mediates the physiological symptoms of fear / anxiety through the sympathetic nervous system. The HPA Axis and Adrenaline are involved with the stress response. HPA Axis activity results in the release of Cortisol from the Adrenal Gland ab ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.