• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
VL_CHAPTER_4
VL_CHAPTER_4

... using a microelectrode. He also demonstrates visual neurons arranged in columns within the visual cortex. Courtesy of Colin Blakemore. RESULTS & DISCUSSION 1. Describe how Blakemore used a patterned card to determine the response properties of neurons in the visual cortex. ...
Psychology Chapter A - Oxford University Press
Psychology Chapter A - Oxford University Press

... nerve pathways form part of the peripheral nervous system which constantly communicates with the central nervous system. The afferent nerve pathway receives information from the environment through the sensory receptors and sends this information to the central nervous system. The efferent nerve pat ...
NOT FOR SALE - Cengage Learning
NOT FOR SALE - Cengage Learning

... Neurons vary according to their functions and their location. Neurons in the brain may be only a fraction of an inch in length, whereas others in the legs are several feet long. Most neurons include a cell body, dendrites, and an axon (see Figure 2.1). The cell body contains the core or nucleus of t ...
15-2 Sensory Receptors
15-2 Sensory Receptors

... The voluntary response, which is not immediate, can moderate, enhance, or supplement the relatively simple involuntary reflexive response. ...
ppt file
ppt file

... the organization of cell types. The outermost layer of the cortex is called the molecular layer, and is nearly cell-free. Instead it is occupied mostly by axons and dendrites. The layer below that is a monolayer of large cells called Purkinje cells, central players in the circuitry of the cerebellum ...
construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs
construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs

... science educators is “scientific literacy” of all graduating high school students. Scientific literacy has become an imperative. Because of rapid technological advances, a functional knowledge of mathematics and science is a requirement for tomorrow’s workforce. ...
The Limits of Intelligence
The Limits of Intelligence

... ologist at 2AI Labs in Boise, Idaho: specialization compensates game changer—one that has probably given humans an edge. for the connectivity problem that arises as brains get bigger. As Kaas found that unlike in most other mammals, cortical neuyou go from a mouse brain to a cow brain with 100 times ...
construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs
construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs

... science educators is “scientific literacy” of all graduating high school students. Scientific literacy has become an imperative. Because of rapid technological advances, a functional knowledge of mathematics and science is a requirement for tomorrow’s workforce. ...
Neurons - AC Reynolds High
Neurons - AC Reynolds High

...  Usually there is only one unbranched axon per neuron  Rare branches, if present, are called axon collaterals  Axonal terminal – branched terminus of an axon Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
The Physiology of the Senses Lecture 1
The Physiology of the Senses Lecture 1

Reduction of the number of new cells reaching olfactory bulbs
Reduction of the number of new cells reaching olfactory bulbs

... from where they migrate tangentially along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the OB (Altman and Das 1965, Luskin 1993, Alvarez-Buylla and Garcia-Verdugo 2002, Grabiec et al. 2009). The majority of newly generated OB cells differentiate into neurons. They settle in the granule cell layer or the p ...
ANS Jeopardy
ANS Jeopardy

... the following four effector categories. • Answer: Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue ...
Ch. 21 Outline
Ch. 21 Outline

... C. The greatest output is as a result of kidney function and urine output Regulation of Electrolyte Output A. The concentrations of positively charged ions, such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca+2) are of particular importance B. These ions are vital for nerve impulse conduction, musc ...
Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy
Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy

... energetically costly cell biological mechanisms, this suggests that it confers significant advantages. If individual synaptic inputs can be treated as equals from the point of view of the soma, regardless of their actual location, this could simplify the processing of synaptic inputs by single neuro ...
download file
download file

... and the parameters derived from it, including threshold and bandwidth. A range of tuning curve shapes were observed, although the basic V-shape predominated (Fig. 1B). The `best frequency' is the frequency that evokes a consistent neural response at the lowest tone intensity. We recorded from units ...
Neural Mechanism of Language
Neural Mechanism of Language

... circuits. On the other hand, many researchers worry that neurons in the cortex are too few for encoding the infinite number of sentences. In general, every word is encoded by a sing neuron, because it is approximately transient similar to a picture. A temporal sentence however corresponds to a timel ...
Nervous System Power Point
Nervous System Power Point

... receptors, the beginnings of dendrites of sensory neurons. ...
Self Assessment Chapter 14 - CM
Self Assessment Chapter 14 - CM

... sympathetic preganglionic axons and postganglionic neurons; postganglionic axons then transmit action potentials to target cell • At synapse with their target cells, postganglionic axons release one of three neurotransmitters: ACh, epinephrine (adrenalin), or norepinephrine (noradrenalin; most frequ ...
Regulatory expression of Neurensin-1 in the spinal motor neurons
Regulatory expression of Neurensin-1 in the spinal motor neurons

... spinal cord motoneurons after sciatic nerve transection, and complex changes in the spatiotemporal expression patterns were reported [26]. Only a few studies have so far been done on such expression patterns of molecules in motor neurons after sciatic nerve transection. In situ hybridization for Nrs ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... -The axons of 2nd order neurons cross obliquely to the opposite side in the anterior gray and white commissures , ascending in the contralateral white column as the lateral spinothalamic tract -The lateral spinothalamic tract lies medial to the anterior spinocerebellar tract -Sacral fibers are later ...
Chapter 49 and 50 Presentations-Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
Chapter 49 and 50 Presentations-Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

... control which you have over whole muscles.  There are two basic ways in which graded muscle contractions are controlled by the nervous system.  1. By varying the number of muscle fibers that contract.  2. By varying the rate at which the fibers are ...
מצגת של PowerPoint
מצגת של PowerPoint

... Excitatory GABA currents are essential (necessary) for proper dendritic development ...
Automated image computing reshapes computational neuroscience Open Access
Automated image computing reshapes computational neuroscience Open Access

... “unsupervised” one. How to incorporate domain knowledge in an algorithm? One way is to code this information into explicit rules. For instance, the spatial location of cells coded as directed graphs has been used as constraints in training a nuclear image segmentation and recognition algorithm [24]. ...
Somatic Sensations: II. Pain, Headache, and Thermal
Somatic Sensations: II. Pain, Headache, and Thermal

... periaqueductal gray secrete enkephalin at their nerve endings. Nerve fibers from the raphe magnus secrete serotonin at their nerve endings. The serotonin causes the local neurons to secrete enkephalin. Enkephalin is believed to cause both pre- and post-synaptic inhibition of type C and type A pain ...
Acoustic Information Flow-ICCS'06-RIOFRIO
Acoustic Information Flow-ICCS'06-RIOFRIO

... Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (CNIC). The discovery and distribution of GABAergic neurons in the CNIC improve our understanding on how the inhibitory actions of neurotransmitters participate in the information flow. We report a neural spatial-temporal cluster distribution, associated with each isof ...
< 1 ... 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 ... 524 >

Stimulus (physiology)



In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report