Timescales of Inference in Visual Adaptation
... tion is also consistent with models of contrast adaptation later in the visual system (e.g., Bonin et al., 2005; Carandini and Heeger, 1994). A model based on a subtractive mechanism could also account for the measured dynamics of adaptation. The key aspect of the model is not how the parameter esti ...
... tion is also consistent with models of contrast adaptation later in the visual system (e.g., Bonin et al., 2005; Carandini and Heeger, 1994). A model based on a subtractive mechanism could also account for the measured dynamics of adaptation. The key aspect of the model is not how the parameter esti ...
Acquisition of Box Pushing by Direct-Vision
... network whose input is local sensor signals. Then, some actual images are captured by locating the box in order. In one series of the box location, the forward distance y from the robot was constant and the lateral distance x was varied. In the other series, the lateral distance x was constant and t ...
... network whose input is local sensor signals. Then, some actual images are captured by locating the box in order. In one series of the box location, the forward distance y from the robot was constant and the lateral distance x was varied. In the other series, the lateral distance x was constant and t ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... The asynchronous and time-continuous computation that takes place in biological systems is of great interest because of the capability of these systems to interact with the real-world. In this work we explore such computation in the spike-based winner-take-all network, by developing a theoretical mo ...
... The asynchronous and time-continuous computation that takes place in biological systems is of great interest because of the capability of these systems to interact with the real-world. In this work we explore such computation in the spike-based winner-take-all network, by developing a theoretical mo ...
Lesson plans
... positively charged on the outside of the cell membrane. The depolarization and repolarization of a membrane produce an action potential. The nerve impulse can be defined as an action potential travelling along the membrane. There are several important facts about impulses (action potentials) that yo ...
... positively charged on the outside of the cell membrane. The depolarization and repolarization of a membrane produce an action potential. The nerve impulse can be defined as an action potential travelling along the membrane. There are several important facts about impulses (action potentials) that yo ...
Stochastic Model of Central Synapses: Slow Diffusion of Transmitter
... reduction compared with free diffusion in aqueous solution. The tortuosity of the cleft and interactions with transporter molecules are assumed to affect the transmitter motion. We estimate the transporter density to be 5170 to 8900 mm − 2 in the synaptic cleft and its vicinity, using the experiment ...
... reduction compared with free diffusion in aqueous solution. The tortuosity of the cleft and interactions with transporter molecules are assumed to affect the transmitter motion. We estimate the transporter density to be 5170 to 8900 mm − 2 in the synaptic cleft and its vicinity, using the experiment ...
Information Processing in the Rostral Solitary Nucleus: Modulation
... recapitulate the response specificity observed in the rNST in vivo, and that presynaptic inhibition, postsynaptic inhibition, and inhibition by a broadly tuned inhibitory interneuron all function to improve the specificity of the modeled response to gustatory ...
... recapitulate the response specificity observed in the rNST in vivo, and that presynaptic inhibition, postsynaptic inhibition, and inhibition by a broadly tuned inhibitory interneuron all function to improve the specificity of the modeled response to gustatory ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... A third kind of computation has been seen to operate in various neural systems: divisive normalization. Normalization computes a ratio between the response of an individual neuron and the summed activity of a pool of neurons. Normalization was proposed in the early 1990s to explain non-linear proper ...
... A third kind of computation has been seen to operate in various neural systems: divisive normalization. Normalization computes a ratio between the response of an individual neuron and the summed activity of a pool of neurons. Normalization was proposed in the early 1990s to explain non-linear proper ...
SOM
... • Neural networks for unsupervised learning attempt to discover special patterns from available data without using external help (i.e. RISK FUNCTION). – There is no information about the desired class (or output ) d of an example x. So only x is given. – Self Organising Maps (SOM) are neural network ...
... • Neural networks for unsupervised learning attempt to discover special patterns from available data without using external help (i.e. RISK FUNCTION). – There is no information about the desired class (or output ) d of an example x. So only x is given. – Self Organising Maps (SOM) are neural network ...
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
... et al. 2008a). Neurons of the same type tend to fire together, with small phase differences, whereas different types of neuron tend not to do so (Mallet et al. 2008a). This diversity in temporal coupling persisted across SWA and activated brain states, suggesting it is strongly governed by ‘hard wir ...
... et al. 2008a). Neurons of the same type tend to fire together, with small phase differences, whereas different types of neuron tend not to do so (Mallet et al. 2008a). This diversity in temporal coupling persisted across SWA and activated brain states, suggesting it is strongly governed by ‘hard wir ...
pdf file
... Recently it has been found that in humans a specific type of neurons exists, called mirror neurons, which both are active to prepare for certain actions or bodily changes and when such actions or body states are observed in other persons. The discovery of mirror neurons originates from single cell r ...
... Recently it has been found that in humans a specific type of neurons exists, called mirror neurons, which both are active to prepare for certain actions or bodily changes and when such actions or body states are observed in other persons. The discovery of mirror neurons originates from single cell r ...
CONTROL OF FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FOR
... outcome of the treatment. We present a control method that we continually enhance during more than 30 years in the research and development of assistive systems. The presented control has a multi-level structure where upper levels use finite state control and the lower level implements model based c ...
... outcome of the treatment. We present a control method that we continually enhance during more than 30 years in the research and development of assistive systems. The presented control has a multi-level structure where upper levels use finite state control and the lower level implements model based c ...
differentiation of neuronal types and synapses in myelinating
... FmuRs 2 Higher magnification of the area labeled R in Fig. 1. The roof nuclear neuron can be distinguished from surrounding cells by its large oval nucleus, single large nucleolus, and cytoplasm containing dark staining Nissl substance. Some cells (arrows) have recognizable dendrites. X 870. FIGURE ...
... FmuRs 2 Higher magnification of the area labeled R in Fig. 1. The roof nuclear neuron can be distinguished from surrounding cells by its large oval nucleus, single large nucleolus, and cytoplasm containing dark staining Nissl substance. Some cells (arrows) have recognizable dendrites. X 870. FIGURE ...
Hopfield Networks - liacs
... • If we pick unit i and the firing rule does not change its Si, it will not change E. • If we pick unit i and the firing rule does change its Si, it will decrease E. ...
... • If we pick unit i and the firing rule does not change its Si, it will not change E. • If we pick unit i and the firing rule does change its Si, it will decrease E. ...
- Princeton University
... most probable sequence of brain movement offsets for the successive lines acquired in the time series (Figure 3Di). The probability of a given sequence of offsets is a function of two components, summed over all time points in the sequence: (1) the fit of the line scanned at a given time point compa ...
... most probable sequence of brain movement offsets for the successive lines acquired in the time series (Figure 3Di). The probability of a given sequence of offsets is a function of two components, summed over all time points in the sequence: (1) the fit of the line scanned at a given time point compa ...
Categorical perception of somesthetic stimuli: psychophysical
... stimulus speeds (categorical neurons). In a light instruction task, we tested the possibility that the categorical neurons (n = 71) were associated with the intention to press, or with the trajectory of the hand to one of the two target switches used to indicate categorization. In this situation, ea ...
... stimulus speeds (categorical neurons). In a light instruction task, we tested the possibility that the categorical neurons (n = 71) were associated with the intention to press, or with the trajectory of the hand to one of the two target switches used to indicate categorization. In this situation, ea ...
Artificial Neural Networks-A Study
... neural network, working of neural networks, characteristics of ANN, its advantages, limitations and applications of ANN. There are various advantages of ANN over conventional approaches. Depending on the nature of the application and strength of the internal data patterns you can generally expect a ...
... neural network, working of neural networks, characteristics of ANN, its advantages, limitations and applications of ANN. There are various advantages of ANN over conventional approaches. Depending on the nature of the application and strength of the internal data patterns you can generally expect a ...
Mechanisms of cell migration in the nervous system
... remodeled as migration progresses, with individual branches growing and collapsing. (i) A chemoattractant (concentration gradient indicated by orange shading) stimulates signaling at growth cones (red dashes). A growth cone in a higher concentration of chemoattractant generates a stronger signal and ...
... remodeled as migration progresses, with individual branches growing and collapsing. (i) A chemoattractant (concentration gradient indicated by orange shading) stimulates signaling at growth cones (red dashes). A growth cone in a higher concentration of chemoattractant generates a stronger signal and ...
Introduction to Neural Networks "Energy" and attractor networks
... Why is an “energy” interpretation of neural dynamics useful? Viewing neural computation in terms of motion over an “energy landscape” provides some useful intuitions. For example, think of memories as consisting of a set of stable points in state space of the neural system--i.e. local minima in whic ...
... Why is an “energy” interpretation of neural dynamics useful? Viewing neural computation in terms of motion over an “energy landscape” provides some useful intuitions. For example, think of memories as consisting of a set of stable points in state space of the neural system--i.e. local minima in whic ...
Distinct Functions of 3 and V Integrin Receptors
... and cell motility mechanisms during this process. Dynamic changes in these mechanisms, which are controlled by different integrins, are likely to instruct neurons to begin, maintain, alter, or end their migration during corticogenesis. In an attempt to decipher whether and how these integrins are in ...
... and cell motility mechanisms during this process. Dynamic changes in these mechanisms, which are controlled by different integrins, are likely to instruct neurons to begin, maintain, alter, or end their migration during corticogenesis. In an attempt to decipher whether and how these integrins are in ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... Already in those studies it was reported, however, that mirror neurons form different subcategories according to the visual stimuli that are most effective in triggering them, and not all of them showed strong congruency between visual and motor tuning. Different aspects of the visual tuning propert ...
... Already in those studies it was reported, however, that mirror neurons form different subcategories according to the visual stimuli that are most effective in triggering them, and not all of them showed strong congruency between visual and motor tuning. Different aspects of the visual tuning propert ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... the existence of canonical microcircuits that are replicated across brain areas, for example, across regions of the cerebral cortex 1,2. Physiological and behavioural evidence suggests that canonical neural computations exist — standard computational modules that apply the same fundamental operation ...
... the existence of canonical microcircuits that are replicated across brain areas, for example, across regions of the cerebral cortex 1,2. Physiological and behavioural evidence suggests that canonical neural computations exist — standard computational modules that apply the same fundamental operation ...
Full version (PDF file)
... currents, a fast transient component (IA), as well as a slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ currents component (IK). As shown in Figure 4A and 4B, the amplitude of voltage-gated K+ channels, contained both two currents were reduced by application of 5-HT (10 nmol/l). Previous studies demonstrated ...
... currents, a fast transient component (IA), as well as a slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ currents component (IK). As shown in Figure 4A and 4B, the amplitude of voltage-gated K+ channels, contained both two currents were reduced by application of 5-HT (10 nmol/l). Previous studies demonstrated ...
CHAPTER 48 NEURONS, SYNAPSES, AND SIGNALING Learning
... 8. Explain the role of mechanoreceptors in hearing and balance. 9. Describe the structure and function of invertebrate statocysts. 10. Explain how insects may detect sound. 11. Refer to a diagram of the human ear and give the function of each structure. 12. Explain how the mammalian ear functions as ...
... 8. Explain the role of mechanoreceptors in hearing and balance. 9. Describe the structure and function of invertebrate statocysts. 10. Explain how insects may detect sound. 11. Refer to a diagram of the human ear and give the function of each structure. 12. Explain how the mammalian ear functions as ...