Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during
... et al.20), smooth pursuit activity was almost negligible at the velocities tested in our experiments (up to 20°/s; FIG. 2B). Under certain circumstances, the animals were tracking the fixation spot almost exclusively via head movements (FIG. 2C, D). In such case, a clear correlation between neuronal ...
... et al.20), smooth pursuit activity was almost negligible at the velocities tested in our experiments (up to 20°/s; FIG. 2B). Under certain circumstances, the animals were tracking the fixation spot almost exclusively via head movements (FIG. 2C, D). In such case, a clear correlation between neuronal ...
31 Relating the Activity of Sensory Neurons to Perception
... in a motion-direction discrimination task. To our knowledge, this is the only connection between sensory neurons and perception for which all of the questions below can be answered in the affirmative. In each section, we will describe the evidence linking MT with motion perception and also provide r ...
... in a motion-direction discrimination task. To our knowledge, this is the only connection between sensory neurons and perception for which all of the questions below can be answered in the affirmative. In each section, we will describe the evidence linking MT with motion perception and also provide r ...
Disorders of the Spinal Cord
... – anesthesia involves all modalities, occurs up to the level of the lesion – sfincter disorders: retention, obstipation, disorder of sexual function. Increase in the intravesical pressure overcomes internal sfincter integrity and results in “dribbling overflow incontinence” (ischiuria paradoxa). Aft ...
... – anesthesia involves all modalities, occurs up to the level of the lesion – sfincter disorders: retention, obstipation, disorder of sexual function. Increase in the intravesical pressure overcomes internal sfincter integrity and results in “dribbling overflow incontinence” (ischiuria paradoxa). Aft ...
Physiol. Res. 49: 000
... of neuronal compartmental models, we constructed our own multicompartmental models of myelinated axons based on morphophysiological data (described below). The model consisted of internodium segments and segments of Ranvier nodes connected linearly, denoted as membrane compartments (top of Fig. 1). ...
... of neuronal compartmental models, we constructed our own multicompartmental models of myelinated axons based on morphophysiological data (described below). The model consisted of internodium segments and segments of Ranvier nodes connected linearly, denoted as membrane compartments (top of Fig. 1). ...
Attractor concretion as a mechanism for the formation of context
... the AN to the wait state. The AN encodes the CS–US associations by making CS triggered transitions to the state that represents the value of the predicted US. The CS–US associations are learned by biasing the competition between the positive and the negative state. In particular, the competition bia ...
... the AN to the wait state. The AN encodes the CS–US associations by making CS triggered transitions to the state that represents the value of the predicted US. The CS–US associations are learned by biasing the competition between the positive and the negative state. In particular, the competition bia ...
PART IV INTEGRATION AND COORDINATION IN HUMANS
... frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefro ...
... frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefro ...
13 Nervous System
... frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefro ...
... frontal lobe sends out motor commands to lower brain centers that pass them on to motor neurons. The primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe receives sensory information from lower brain centers in communication with sensory neurons. Association areas are located in all the lobes; the prefro ...
VIEW PDF - Glaucoma Today
... without significant retinal ganglion cell axon loss, suggest that elevated IOP may alter the blue/yellow koniocellular pathway in the central nervous system in early glaucoma. This finding is consistent with the observation that shortwavelength automated perimetry (which uses a blue stimulus on a ye ...
... without significant retinal ganglion cell axon loss, suggest that elevated IOP may alter the blue/yellow koniocellular pathway in the central nervous system in early glaucoma. This finding is consistent with the observation that shortwavelength automated perimetry (which uses a blue stimulus on a ye ...
Understanding Circuit Dynamics Using the Stomatogastric Nervous
... much of this variability, whereas all other neurons are found invariantly as either single copies or pairs of neurons (24). STG neurons have a large soma (typically 50–100 μm) and complex branching patterns. Figure 2 shows dye fills of a single pyloric dilator (PD) neuron in the three species indicat ...
... much of this variability, whereas all other neurons are found invariantly as either single copies or pairs of neurons (24). STG neurons have a large soma (typically 50–100 μm) and complex branching patterns. Figure 2 shows dye fills of a single pyloric dilator (PD) neuron in the three species indicat ...
short communication - Deep Blue
... suggests that at least some of these modulators are tonic elements, normally producing effects over many cycles. Although there is evidence that specific components of a rhythmic cycle may be stimulated or inhibited independently (Maynard, 1966), the qualitative characteristics of the intrinsic, cyc ...
... suggests that at least some of these modulators are tonic elements, normally producing effects over many cycles. Although there is evidence that specific components of a rhythmic cycle may be stimulated or inhibited independently (Maynard, 1966), the qualitative characteristics of the intrinsic, cyc ...
The Third Generation of Neural Networks
... by the sum of all natural exponents. The value K above represents the number of output neurons present. For the vector presented above, the logloss would be [0.23 , 0.15 , 0.29 , 0.15 , 0.17]. The following URL provides a utility to calculate softmax. ...
... by the sum of all natural exponents. The value K above represents the number of output neurons present. For the vector presented above, the logloss would be [0.23 , 0.15 , 0.29 , 0.15 , 0.17]. The following URL provides a utility to calculate softmax. ...
Reflex Activity/Lab
... Reflexes are rapid, involuntary motor responses to an environmental stimulus detected by sensory receptors. A nerve impulse travels from the receptor through a neural reflex arc pathway to an effector. If the motor response is contraction of skeletal muscle, the reflex is called a somatic reflex. If ...
... Reflexes are rapid, involuntary motor responses to an environmental stimulus detected by sensory receptors. A nerve impulse travels from the receptor through a neural reflex arc pathway to an effector. If the motor response is contraction of skeletal muscle, the reflex is called a somatic reflex. If ...
Retinoids and spinal cord development
... the tail bud, suggesting a role for this posteriorizing factor in combination with FGF. It was striking in these experiments that no Hoxc5-expressing cells (cervical level) were induced by FGF. When tissue fated to form rostral cervical level was cultured with cervical paraxial mesoderm and retinol ...
... the tail bud, suggesting a role for this posteriorizing factor in combination with FGF. It was striking in these experiments that no Hoxc5-expressing cells (cervical level) were induced by FGF. When tissue fated to form rostral cervical level was cultured with cervical paraxial mesoderm and retinol ...
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... nonstimulus trials. For the purpose of constructing the population representation, the firing rate of each cell was normalized to its maximum firing rate, mn, over all stimuli used to measure the response planes and during any single 10 msec bin in the time interval from stimulus onset to 100 msec a ...
... nonstimulus trials. For the purpose of constructing the population representation, the firing rate of each cell was normalized to its maximum firing rate, mn, over all stimuli used to measure the response planes and during any single 10 msec bin in the time interval from stimulus onset to 100 msec a ...
Activity-dependent editing of neuromuscular synaptic connections
... Around the time of birth, however, the relatively stable deployment of multiple motor neuron inputs changed dramatically. One input maintained its terminals while the others gradually lost their terminals in a protracted, step-wise fashion that lasted several days (Fig. 1, middle). At some junctions ...
... Around the time of birth, however, the relatively stable deployment of multiple motor neuron inputs changed dramatically. One input maintained its terminals while the others gradually lost their terminals in a protracted, step-wise fashion that lasted several days (Fig. 1, middle). At some junctions ...
choosing the greater of two goods: neural currencies for valuation
... identified sensory representations as well as decisionrelated signals in areas of the parietal and frontal cortices. At the neural level, differentiating sensory signals from decision-related signals is relatively straightforward. First, sensory signals require the presence of the sensory stimulus, ...
... identified sensory representations as well as decisionrelated signals in areas of the parietal and frontal cortices. At the neural level, differentiating sensory signals from decision-related signals is relatively straightforward. First, sensory signals require the presence of the sensory stimulus, ...
Cell type-specific pharmacology of NMDA receptors using masked
... cells, including some that were engineered to express the pig enzyme, were exposed to the drug in the laboratory. The drug blocked the NMDA receptors on brain cells that expressed the enzyme, but not the receptors on nearby brain cells that lacked the enzyme. This occurred even though all the cells ...
... cells, including some that were engineered to express the pig enzyme, were exposed to the drug in the laboratory. The drug blocked the NMDA receptors on brain cells that expressed the enzyme, but not the receptors on nearby brain cells that lacked the enzyme. This occurred even though all the cells ...
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in
... Ongoing spontaneous activity in cortical circuits defines cortical states, but it still remains unclear how cortical states shape sensory processing across cortical laminae and what type of response properties emerge in the cortex. Recording neural activity from the auditory cortex (AC) and medial g ...
... Ongoing spontaneous activity in cortical circuits defines cortical states, but it still remains unclear how cortical states shape sensory processing across cortical laminae and what type of response properties emerge in the cortex. Recording neural activity from the auditory cortex (AC) and medial g ...
Spinal Nerves Posterior View
... be anesthetized during childbirth as an alternative to an epidural (a pudendal nerve block is also called a saddle block because the numb areas are where you would be touching a saddle). • PHRENIC NERVE: allows the diaphragm to contract. If it gets severed, the person can no longer breathe without a ...
... be anesthetized during childbirth as an alternative to an epidural (a pudendal nerve block is also called a saddle block because the numb areas are where you would be touching a saddle). • PHRENIC NERVE: allows the diaphragm to contract. If it gets severed, the person can no longer breathe without a ...
Spinal Nerves Posterior View
... be anesthetized during childbirth as an alternative to an epidural (a pudendal nerve block is also called a saddle block because the numb areas are where you would be touching a saddle). • PHRENIC NERVE: allows the diaphragm to contract. If it gets severed, the person can no longer breathe without a ...
... be anesthetized during childbirth as an alternative to an epidural (a pudendal nerve block is also called a saddle block because the numb areas are where you would be touching a saddle). • PHRENIC NERVE: allows the diaphragm to contract. If it gets severed, the person can no longer breathe without a ...
Neural Correlates of Learning in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Monkey
... Although much remains to be understood, the mechanisms and cortical networks involved in sensory integration and motor performance have begun to be well characterized (Maunsell and Newsome, 1987; Johnson, 1992). Experimental studies of these functions also benefit from invaluable theoretical support ...
... Although much remains to be understood, the mechanisms and cortical networks involved in sensory integration and motor performance have begun to be well characterized (Maunsell and Newsome, 1987; Johnson, 1992). Experimental studies of these functions also benefit from invaluable theoretical support ...
Neural ensemble coding and statistical periodicity: Speculations on
... where a is a constant, 1B a5 2, and xt, xt + 1 are, respectively, the values of x at times t and t+ 1. This map is referred to as the tent map because of its graphical appearance [98]. The variable x could be taken to represent, for example, the instantaneous neural firing rate or the inter-spike in ...
... where a is a constant, 1B a5 2, and xt, xt + 1 are, respectively, the values of x at times t and t+ 1. This map is referred to as the tent map because of its graphical appearance [98]. The variable x could be taken to represent, for example, the instantaneous neural firing rate or the inter-spike in ...
Electrical Activity of a Membrane Resting Potential
... • Voltage-Sensitive Ion Channels – Gated protein channel that opens or closes only at specific membrane voltages – Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) – Closed at membrane’s resting potential – Na+ channels are more sensitive than K+ channels and therefore open sooner ...
... • Voltage-Sensitive Ion Channels – Gated protein channel that opens or closes only at specific membrane voltages – Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) – Closed at membrane’s resting potential – Na+ channels are more sensitive than K+ channels and therefore open sooner ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... spherical bushy cells, and models of medial superior olivary (MSO) neurons. We have explored the effects of the model parameters in more detail, and we have looked at a wider set of stimulus conditions. ...
... spherical bushy cells, and models of medial superior olivary (MSO) neurons. We have explored the effects of the model parameters in more detail, and we have looked at a wider set of stimulus conditions. ...