chapter3 (new window)
... • People see an illusion of gray images in intersections of white areas. • Signals from bipolar cells cause effect – Receptors responding to white corridors send inhibiting signals to receptor at the ...
... • People see an illusion of gray images in intersections of white areas. • Signals from bipolar cells cause effect – Receptors responding to white corridors send inhibiting signals to receptor at the ...
mspn12a
... Retinotopic mapping means that “information is represented the same orderly way as it is in the visual world” (pg 4 CNS Organization notes). In the primary visual cortex, mapping is retinotopic BUT distorted. The amount of cortex devoted to a particular region of the visual world is proportional to ...
... Retinotopic mapping means that “information is represented the same orderly way as it is in the visual world” (pg 4 CNS Organization notes). In the primary visual cortex, mapping is retinotopic BUT distorted. The amount of cortex devoted to a particular region of the visual world is proportional to ...
53 XIX BLY 122 Lecture Notes (O`Brien)
... Principles of Electrical Signaling (45.1) A. The anatomy of a neuron 1. Neurons consist of a cell body, dendrites, and one or more axons. Fig 45.3a 2. Neurons transmit information via electrical impulses. Fig 45.1a a. Sensory receptors transmit information about the internal or external environment ...
... Principles of Electrical Signaling (45.1) A. The anatomy of a neuron 1. Neurons consist of a cell body, dendrites, and one or more axons. Fig 45.3a 2. Neurons transmit information via electrical impulses. Fig 45.1a a. Sensory receptors transmit information about the internal or external environment ...
ACP Level 2 Lesson Twelve
... Motor – These carry impulses to your muscles. At end of each motor neuron is a motor end plate. This attaches to an individual muscle fiber taking impulses from the brain to stimulate movement. Connector – These connect actions of other neurons. You will sometimes see these referred to as relay, tra ...
... Motor – These carry impulses to your muscles. At end of each motor neuron is a motor end plate. This attaches to an individual muscle fiber taking impulses from the brain to stimulate movement. Connector – These connect actions of other neurons. You will sometimes see these referred to as relay, tra ...
Nervous Systems (ch. 48 & 49) Sum13
... 1. All sensory, motor, and interneurons neurons 2. Sensory neuron dendrites & cell bodies AND motor neuron axons 3. Interneurons only 4. Motor neuron dendrites and interneuron axons ...
... 1. All sensory, motor, and interneurons neurons 2. Sensory neuron dendrites & cell bodies AND motor neuron axons 3. Interneurons only 4. Motor neuron dendrites and interneuron axons ...
Current Research Areas
... • Oligodendrocytes – Produce CNS myelin The spread of disease may be prevented by targeting treatments to these cells ...
... • Oligodendrocytes – Produce CNS myelin The spread of disease may be prevented by targeting treatments to these cells ...
Taste and Smell
... • Specialized to detect chemicals dissolved in a fluid • The fluid may be saliva, mucous, or blood plasma • Rely on receptors that interact with specific molecules to generate an action potential • Receptors are integrated with two or more tissue types making them fit the definition of “organ” ...
... • Specialized to detect chemicals dissolved in a fluid • The fluid may be saliva, mucous, or blood plasma • Rely on receptors that interact with specific molecules to generate an action potential • Receptors are integrated with two or more tissue types making them fit the definition of “organ” ...
Object recognition in clutter: selectivity and invariance
... neurons was often depressed during the protocol for the clutter interference test. We believe that this effect could be accounted by adaptation. So far, because of these problems, we could test the response to clutter in only a small fraction of the recorded IT neurons. Impact: The aim of this proje ...
... neurons was often depressed during the protocol for the clutter interference test. We believe that this effect could be accounted by adaptation. So far, because of these problems, we could test the response to clutter in only a small fraction of the recorded IT neurons. Impact: The aim of this proje ...
The Brain
... support migration, and neurons)-> create brain tissue o Longer a/symmetrical division stages= larger brains o After 5 months: Apoptosis- suicide signal for progenitor cells (tells cells to stop) o Ventricles produce 2X more neurons than necessary and unused neurons progressively die by apoptosis ...
... support migration, and neurons)-> create brain tissue o Longer a/symmetrical division stages= larger brains o After 5 months: Apoptosis- suicide signal for progenitor cells (tells cells to stop) o Ventricles produce 2X more neurons than necessary and unused neurons progressively die by apoptosis ...
chapter32_part2shorter
... • The cerebral cortex, the outer layer of gray matter, has areas that receive and integrate sensory information. It also controls conscious thought and actions. • The cerebral cortex interacts with the limbic system, a set of brain structures that collectively affect emotions and contribute to memor ...
... • The cerebral cortex, the outer layer of gray matter, has areas that receive and integrate sensory information. It also controls conscious thought and actions. • The cerebral cortex interacts with the limbic system, a set of brain structures that collectively affect emotions and contribute to memor ...
Nervous System Communication
... • Stimuli cause movements of ions through membrane • Threshold potential – Sufficient stimulation to depolarize membrane ...
... • Stimuli cause movements of ions through membrane • Threshold potential – Sufficient stimulation to depolarize membrane ...
Wagner for the Womb
... perform poorer in spatial memory tasks. Pre-natal stress affects the offspring in adolescents and even well into adulthood. Not only is spatial memory altered, but the brain morphology is also changed. The animals display a reduced cell growth and accelerated aging in the hippocampus. Furthermore, r ...
... perform poorer in spatial memory tasks. Pre-natal stress affects the offspring in adolescents and even well into adulthood. Not only is spatial memory altered, but the brain morphology is also changed. The animals display a reduced cell growth and accelerated aging in the hippocampus. Furthermore, r ...
Chapter 6
... Sweet – sugars –glucose and others bind with a taste receptor that activates a G protein which turns on cAMP second messenger pathway which ultimately blocks K+ channels Bitter – alkaloids, poisons also activate a G protein (gastducin) which sets off a second messenger pathway similar to the visual ...
... Sweet – sugars –glucose and others bind with a taste receptor that activates a G protein which turns on cAMP second messenger pathway which ultimately blocks K+ channels Bitter – alkaloids, poisons also activate a G protein (gastducin) which sets off a second messenger pathway similar to the visual ...
Document
... – Outer part is composed of white matter made up of many bundles of axons called tracts; interior composed of gray matter made up mainly of neuron dendrites and cell bodies – Functions as the center for all spinal cord reflexes; sensory tracts conduct impulses to the brain, and motor tracts conduct ...
... – Outer part is composed of white matter made up of many bundles of axons called tracts; interior composed of gray matter made up mainly of neuron dendrites and cell bodies – Functions as the center for all spinal cord reflexes; sensory tracts conduct impulses to the brain, and motor tracts conduct ...
Prezentacja programu PowerPoint
... Einstein's brain weighed only 1,230 grams, which is less than the average adult male brain (about 1,400 grams). One of the differences that were found between Einstein’s brain compared to others was increased number of glial cells. It is known from animal studies that as we go from invertebrates to ...
... Einstein's brain weighed only 1,230 grams, which is less than the average adult male brain (about 1,400 grams). One of the differences that were found between Einstein’s brain compared to others was increased number of glial cells. It is known from animal studies that as we go from invertebrates to ...
Synaptogenesis
... A: In the mature retina, retinal ganglion cells show diverse and uncorrelated patterns of action potential activity. Action potentials (vertical lines) of three cells are schematized here. B: Before eye opening, retinal ganglion cells generate rhythmic bursts of action potentials that are synchroni ...
... A: In the mature retina, retinal ganglion cells show diverse and uncorrelated patterns of action potential activity. Action potentials (vertical lines) of three cells are schematized here. B: Before eye opening, retinal ganglion cells generate rhythmic bursts of action potentials that are synchroni ...
PDF
... The immense power of Drosophila genetics has allowed invaluable insight into developmental biology. Despite these advances, a significant limitation has always been the lack of an efficient method for modifying select genetic loci. Now, on p. 4818, Jean-Paul Vincent and colleagues report high-effici ...
... The immense power of Drosophila genetics has allowed invaluable insight into developmental biology. Despite these advances, a significant limitation has always been the lack of an efficient method for modifying select genetic loci. Now, on p. 4818, Jean-Paul Vincent and colleagues report high-effici ...
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
... → originate in the neocortex. → the longest and one of the largest CNS (106 axons). → 2/3 of the axons in the tract originate in areas 4 and 6 of the frontal lobe. areas 4 and 6 of the frontal lobe = motor cortex → others derive from the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobe. regulate the flow of ...
... → originate in the neocortex. → the longest and one of the largest CNS (106 axons). → 2/3 of the axons in the tract originate in areas 4 and 6 of the frontal lobe. areas 4 and 6 of the frontal lobe = motor cortex → others derive from the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobe. regulate the flow of ...
Central nervous system practical block
... This is an H&E stained sections from a patient with long-standing MS. This lesion is centered on a vein. In this older lesion, however, there is very little inflammation around the vein. You can see the loss of myelin even without a special stain: it is lighter pink than the normal white matter sur ...
... This is an H&E stained sections from a patient with long-standing MS. This lesion is centered on a vein. In this older lesion, however, there is very little inflammation around the vein. You can see the loss of myelin even without a special stain: it is lighter pink than the normal white matter sur ...
Photo Album
... of elevated activity at a single location on the track. The color code denotes mean firing frequency at each location. (C) The local field potential (black trace) shows the characteristic theta rhythm. Each burst of spikes from the place cell (red ticks) occurs at successively earlier phases of the ...
... of elevated activity at a single location on the track. The color code denotes mean firing frequency at each location. (C) The local field potential (black trace) shows the characteristic theta rhythm. Each burst of spikes from the place cell (red ticks) occurs at successively earlier phases of the ...
Taken from the Body/brain BOOGIE VIDEO by Jeff Haebig
... unify the visual, auditory and body-in-space systems involved with focus, attention, reading, writing, spelling and math. Test your vestibular system, balancing while standing on one foot -- then standing with toe touching heel. Do these actions with your eyes closed. A progressive series of rolling ...
... unify the visual, auditory and body-in-space systems involved with focus, attention, reading, writing, spelling and math. Test your vestibular system, balancing while standing on one foot -- then standing with toe touching heel. Do these actions with your eyes closed. A progressive series of rolling ...
Kuliah4-anatomi2
... 1. synapse with postganglionic neurons (shown in white) which then re-enter the spinal nerve and ultimately pass out to the sweat glands and the walls of blood vessels near the surface of the body. 2. pass up or down the sympathetic chain and finally synapse with postganglionic neurons in a higher o ...
... 1. synapse with postganglionic neurons (shown in white) which then re-enter the spinal nerve and ultimately pass out to the sweat glands and the walls of blood vessels near the surface of the body. 2. pass up or down the sympathetic chain and finally synapse with postganglionic neurons in a higher o ...
A plastic axonal hotspot
... Neurons generate their output signal — the action potential — in a distinct region of the axon called the initial segment. The location and extent of this trigger zone can be modified by neural activity to control excitability. ...
... Neurons generate their output signal — the action potential — in a distinct region of the axon called the initial segment. The location and extent of this trigger zone can be modified by neural activity to control excitability. ...
reSOLUTION Neuroscience Supplement
... Yet we are only just beginning to understand the complexities and functional differences of the sense of smell in mammals. Professor Marc Spehr is leading the Department of Chemosensation at RWTH Aachen University since 2009, where he is conducting research on the neuronal mechanisms of olfactory pe ...
... Yet we are only just beginning to understand the complexities and functional differences of the sense of smell in mammals. Professor Marc Spehr is leading the Department of Chemosensation at RWTH Aachen University since 2009, where he is conducting research on the neuronal mechanisms of olfactory pe ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.