Features of Neuronal Synchrony in Mouse Visual Cortex
... Off-line analysis was performed using LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX) and IDL (Research Systems, Boulder, CO). Oscillatory response modulation and synchronization were analyzed by computing and averaging auto- and cross-correlograms for all trials per condition and recording site with a b ...
... Off-line analysis was performed using LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX) and IDL (Research Systems, Boulder, CO). Oscillatory response modulation and synchronization were analyzed by computing and averaging auto- and cross-correlograms for all trials per condition and recording site with a b ...
Regents Biology - I Love Science
... bound involuntary together by actionsconnective those not tissue. For under this conscious Research reason, controla Visit the single such as Glencoe spinal your heart Science nerve rate, can Web site at have breathing, tx.science. impulses digestion, glencoe.co going and to m forfrom more and gland ...
... bound involuntary together by actionsconnective those not tissue. For under this conscious Research reason, controla Visit the single such as Glencoe spinal your heart Science nerve rate, can Web site at have breathing, tx.science. impulses digestion, glencoe.co going and to m forfrom more and gland ...
What does the eye tell the brain? Development of a system for the large-scale recording of retinal output activity
... the multielectrode signal correlations. Moreover, with 1 Terabyte of data to analyze after each experimental run, high data processing speed is necessary. With these factors in mind, we have developed custom software for automated identification of neurons, based on the following steps. In the first ...
... the multielectrode signal correlations. Moreover, with 1 Terabyte of data to analyze after each experimental run, high data processing speed is necessary. With these factors in mind, we have developed custom software for automated identification of neurons, based on the following steps. In the first ...
Synaptogenesis in the human cortex occurs between - UvA-DARE
... found 10 to 15 % pruning in mice hippocampus between 8-12 weeks of development under normal environmental conditions in the basal dendritic tree but not in the apical dendritic tree. This was far less than the pruning of 40% in the human visual, auditory and prefrontal cortex (Huttenlocher and Dabho ...
... found 10 to 15 % pruning in mice hippocampus between 8-12 weeks of development under normal environmental conditions in the basal dendritic tree but not in the apical dendritic tree. This was far less than the pruning of 40% in the human visual, auditory and prefrontal cortex (Huttenlocher and Dabho ...
Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the
... IPL. Only sites located between the cortical surface and a depth of 3000 lm were included in the database. This depth was chosen in order to include the cortex lying inside the dimples present in the IPL convexity (mainly in PF and PFG, see Fig. 1A). Thus, seven was the maximum number of recording s ...
... IPL. Only sites located between the cortical surface and a depth of 3000 lm were included in the database. This depth was chosen in order to include the cortex lying inside the dimples present in the IPL convexity (mainly in PF and PFG, see Fig. 1A). Thus, seven was the maximum number of recording s ...
Olfactory pathway
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
Current Opinions in Neurological Science
... factor 1 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 that acts as an axial system in death of dopaminergic neurons [2]. Astrocytes and microglia are implicated in the onset and progression dynamics of Parkinson’s disease in terms of oxidative stress and reactive gliosis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress integral ...
... factor 1 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 that acts as an axial system in death of dopaminergic neurons [2]. Astrocytes and microglia are implicated in the onset and progression dynamics of Parkinson’s disease in terms of oxidative stress and reactive gliosis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress integral ...
The Information Processing Mechanism of the Brain
... This combination of activities, this pattern, becomes something with an identity of its own (as in a specific memory, or a vision). It becomes a unit of information. It can later be made to re-emerge in the network, and so we have, in a network, a mechanism that can store and recall information. A p ...
... This combination of activities, this pattern, becomes something with an identity of its own (as in a specific memory, or a vision). It becomes a unit of information. It can later be made to re-emerge in the network, and so we have, in a network, a mechanism that can store and recall information. A p ...
Chapter 2 The Neural Impulse
... A) Neurons in the central nervous system have myelin sheaths, while those in the peripheral nervous system do not. B) Some neurons have axons that are several feet long. C) The nerve impulse involves the exchange of electrically charged ions across the cell membrane. D) Within a neuron, information ...
... A) Neurons in the central nervous system have myelin sheaths, while those in the peripheral nervous system do not. B) Some neurons have axons that are several feet long. C) The nerve impulse involves the exchange of electrically charged ions across the cell membrane. D) Within a neuron, information ...
Multiplication and stimulus invariance in a looming
... 1. Introduction The cellular and dendritic mechanisms involved in sensory information processing within single neurons and among networks of cells have been intensely investigated in the past few years [34,78]. Still very little is known, however, about how biophysical properties of nerve cells impl ...
... 1. Introduction The cellular and dendritic mechanisms involved in sensory information processing within single neurons and among networks of cells have been intensely investigated in the past few years [34,78]. Still very little is known, however, about how biophysical properties of nerve cells impl ...
Basic functional neuroanatomy
... and to communicate with every physician. It is a remarkably resilient system, but its importance to the body's economy is so great that the effects of disease can be devastating. ...
... and to communicate with every physician. It is a remarkably resilient system, but its importance to the body's economy is so great that the effects of disease can be devastating. ...
Spontaneous activity and functional connectivity in the developing
... of functional connectivity in its input and output pathways. Characterization of spontaneous activity within these pathways provides insight into their functional status in early development. In the present study we recorded extracellular activity from the interpositus nucleus (IP) and its primary d ...
... of functional connectivity in its input and output pathways. Characterization of spontaneous activity within these pathways provides insight into their functional status in early development. In the present study we recorded extracellular activity from the interpositus nucleus (IP) and its primary d ...
Earl Miller - The Sackler Institutes
... 2. Neural representations of categories and concepts are stronger and more explicit in the PFC than in cortical areas that provide the PFC with visual input (“cats and dogs”, numbers). Highly familiar rules may be more strongly encoded in the PMC than PFC. 3. This ability of the PFC and related area ...
... 2. Neural representations of categories and concepts are stronger and more explicit in the PFC than in cortical areas that provide the PFC with visual input (“cats and dogs”, numbers). Highly familiar rules may be more strongly encoded in the PMC than PFC. 3. This ability of the PFC and related area ...
autonomic nervous system
... sensory and motor neurons. – Autonomic sensory input is not consciously perceived. • The autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by either increasing (exciting) or decreasing (inhibiting) ongoing activities of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. – Most autonomic responses can not ...
... sensory and motor neurons. – Autonomic sensory input is not consciously perceived. • The autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by either increasing (exciting) or decreasing (inhibiting) ongoing activities of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. – Most autonomic responses can not ...
State that the nervous system consists of the central nervous system
... 6. A synapse is a junction between neurons. This is a small gap between the terminal end of the pre-synaptic neuron and the dendritic end of the post-synaptic neuron. The electrical signal of the action potential is converted to a chemical signal, which passes across the synapse and stimulates an ac ...
... 6. A synapse is a junction between neurons. This is a small gap between the terminal end of the pre-synaptic neuron and the dendritic end of the post-synaptic neuron. The electrical signal of the action potential is converted to a chemical signal, which passes across the synapse and stimulates an ac ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... between given patterns of localised brain damage and corresponding deficits in conceptual knowledge. Cognitive neuroscience has more recently tried to establish, mainly by means of brain imaging experiments, which brain regions are activated by different conceptual categories. During the last two de ...
... between given patterns of localised brain damage and corresponding deficits in conceptual knowledge. Cognitive neuroscience has more recently tried to establish, mainly by means of brain imaging experiments, which brain regions are activated by different conceptual categories. During the last two de ...
Corticofugal modulation of functional connectivity within the auditory
... trains recorded from the same electrode were distinguished from cases where units were in MGB but recorded with different electrodes. Time domain analyses included crosscorrelations and search for precise repetition of complex spatiotemporal firing patterns of reverberating thalamic circuits. As a c ...
... trains recorded from the same electrode were distinguished from cases where units were in MGB but recorded with different electrodes. Time domain analyses included crosscorrelations and search for precise repetition of complex spatiotemporal firing patterns of reverberating thalamic circuits. As a c ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... between given patterns of localised brain damage and corresponding deficits in conceptual knowledge. Cognitive neuroscience has more recently tried to establish, mainly by means of brain imaging experiments, which brain regions are activated by different conceptual categories. During the last two de ...
... between given patterns of localised brain damage and corresponding deficits in conceptual knowledge. Cognitive neuroscience has more recently tried to establish, mainly by means of brain imaging experiments, which brain regions are activated by different conceptual categories. During the last two de ...
Deciphering a neural code for vision
... recorded from single optic nerve fibers in the laboratory, and second by comparing responses computed for underwater movies with those recorded in the field. Optic nerve responses to drifting bars recorded in the laboratory were indistinguishable from those computed with the model, that is, response ...
... recorded from single optic nerve fibers in the laboratory, and second by comparing responses computed for underwater movies with those recorded in the field. Optic nerve responses to drifting bars recorded in the laboratory were indistinguishable from those computed with the model, that is, response ...
Complementary roles of basal ganglia and cerebellum in learning
... the connections to and from the dopaminergic neurons in SNc and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). According to their view, there are two major pathways from the striatum to the SNc dopamine neurons: direct inhibition by striosome neurons through slow GABAB-type synapses, and indirect disinhibition b ...
... the connections to and from the dopaminergic neurons in SNc and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). According to their view, there are two major pathways from the striatum to the SNc dopamine neurons: direct inhibition by striosome neurons through slow GABAB-type synapses, and indirect disinhibition b ...
International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science
... The best-known and most extensively studied rhythm of the human brain is the normal alpha rhythm. Alpha can be usually observed better in the posterior and occipital regions with typical amplitude about 50 μV (peak-peak).According to our experiences alpha was also significant between posterior and c ...
... The best-known and most extensively studied rhythm of the human brain is the normal alpha rhythm. Alpha can be usually observed better in the posterior and occipital regions with typical amplitude about 50 μV (peak-peak).According to our experiences alpha was also significant between posterior and c ...
Протокол
... the cortex. The columns of cells run perpendicular to the layers and together they form the structural and functional organization found throughout the cortex. The primary function of the cerebral cortex is integration. The anatomical convergence necessary for integration occurs both within columns ...
... the cortex. The columns of cells run perpendicular to the layers and together they form the structural and functional organization found throughout the cortex. The primary function of the cerebral cortex is integration. The anatomical convergence necessary for integration occurs both within columns ...
Neuronal Replacement and Reconstruction of Damaged Circuitries
... the survival rate of the grafts can be quite different in grafts taken fromearly and late gestational stages (see Kromeret al 1983for examplesof hippocampal grafts). Partial exceptionsto this rule are grafts of developingcerebellar tissue, which producewell-organized grafts only whentaken from a fai ...
... the survival rate of the grafts can be quite different in grafts taken fromearly and late gestational stages (see Kromeret al 1983for examplesof hippocampal grafts). Partial exceptionsto this rule are grafts of developingcerebellar tissue, which producewell-organized grafts only whentaken from a fai ...
The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders
... neurons. This mode/is based on a synthesis of experimental animal and post-mortem human anatomic and neurochemical data. Hyperkinetic disorders, which are characterized by an excess of abnormal movements, are postulated to result from the selectiveimpairment of striatal neurons projecting to the lat ...
... neurons. This mode/is based on a synthesis of experimental animal and post-mortem human anatomic and neurochemical data. Hyperkinetic disorders, which are characterized by an excess of abnormal movements, are postulated to result from the selectiveimpairment of striatal neurons projecting to the lat ...
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A22254 Touch [version 2.0 ].
... Biophysics of sensory transduction by mechanoreceptors Indentation or lateral stretch of the skin is believed to excite mechanoreceptors by direct gating of cation channels in the sensory nerve ending. Mechanical stimulation deforms the receptor protein, thus opening stretch-sensitive ion channels, ...
... Biophysics of sensory transduction by mechanoreceptors Indentation or lateral stretch of the skin is believed to excite mechanoreceptors by direct gating of cation channels in the sensory nerve ending. Mechanical stimulation deforms the receptor protein, thus opening stretch-sensitive ion channels, ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.