B - CommuniGate Pro uni
... a single co-culture without any signs of electrophysiological deterioration. Intracellular recordings were made using sharp microelectrodes (90-140 Mf~) containing 2 M potassium acetate and 2% neurobiotin (Vector) under visual control (Zeiss IM 35; Zeiss: x 63 Neofluar). The majority of cells had a ...
... a single co-culture without any signs of electrophysiological deterioration. Intracellular recordings were made using sharp microelectrodes (90-140 Mf~) containing 2 M potassium acetate and 2% neurobiotin (Vector) under visual control (Zeiss IM 35; Zeiss: x 63 Neofluar). The majority of cells had a ...
the giant serotonergic neuron of aplysia: a multi
... least three silver grains or if the same profile was labeled widest part of the varicosity, with a long axis of 2.5 pm and a short axis of 1 pm, is quite close to one end. The in at least two adjacent sections. Background labeling was essentially negligible as indicated by the absence of length of t ...
... least three silver grains or if the same profile was labeled widest part of the varicosity, with a long axis of 2.5 pm and a short axis of 1 pm, is quite close to one end. The in at least two adjacent sections. Background labeling was essentially negligible as indicated by the absence of length of t ...
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic
... EPSPs [12,50], enhanced by the activation of voltage-gated intrinsic (high-threshold Ca2+ and persistent Na+) currents [1,13,15,17]. Specifically, the EPSPs initiate the PDS by depolarizing the postsynaptic neurons to the level of activation of the persistent Na+ current that maintains and enhances ...
... EPSPs [12,50], enhanced by the activation of voltage-gated intrinsic (high-threshold Ca2+ and persistent Na+) currents [1,13,15,17]. Specifically, the EPSPs initiate the PDS by depolarizing the postsynaptic neurons to the level of activation of the persistent Na+ current that maintains and enhances ...
Multiplication and stimulus invariance in a looming
... single neuron level. Experimental and theoretical results are consistent with multiplication being implemented by subtraction of two logarithmic terms followed by exponentiation via active membrane conductances, according to a 1=b ¼ expðlogðaÞ logðbÞÞ. Invariance appears to be in part due to non ...
... single neuron level. Experimental and theoretical results are consistent with multiplication being implemented by subtraction of two logarithmic terms followed by exponentiation via active membrane conductances, according to a 1=b ¼ expðlogðaÞ logðbÞÞ. Invariance appears to be in part due to non ...
Teacher Materials - Scope, Sequence, and Coordination
... have evolved to ensure reproductive success. Animals often live in unpredictable environments, and so their behavior must be flexible enough to deal with uncertainty and change. Plants also respond to stimuli. Multicellular animals have nervous systems to generate behavior. Nervous systems are forme ...
... have evolved to ensure reproductive success. Animals often live in unpredictable environments, and so their behavior must be flexible enough to deal with uncertainty and change. Plants also respond to stimuli. Multicellular animals have nervous systems to generate behavior. Nervous systems are forme ...
aud
... the low frequency components of the signal are directed to one end of the cochlea and the highfrequency components are directed to the other end. As will be seen later in this chapter, the precise role that is played by this frequency analysis is only partially understood. ...
... the low frequency components of the signal are directed to one end of the cochlea and the highfrequency components are directed to the other end. As will be seen later in this chapter, the precise role that is played by this frequency analysis is only partially understood. ...
A Neuronal Is Required Stimulation Cell Surface
... plated in 3 ml of serum-containing medium onto collagen-coated tissue culture plastic lids from 35-mm dishes. In either case, cultures were re-fed the following day with antimitotics (DME with 10% human placental serum, 6 mg/ml glucose, 2 mM glutamine, 10-20 units of nerve growth factor, 10-5 M urid ...
... plated in 3 ml of serum-containing medium onto collagen-coated tissue culture plastic lids from 35-mm dishes. In either case, cultures were re-fed the following day with antimitotics (DME with 10% human placental serum, 6 mg/ml glucose, 2 mM glutamine, 10-20 units of nerve growth factor, 10-5 M urid ...
Mechanism of Irregular Firing of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons
... The mechanisms of irregular firing of spontaneous action potentials in neurons from the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were studied in hypothalamic slices using cell-attached and whole cell recording. The firing pattern of spontaneous action potentials could be divided into regular and irregular, ...
... The mechanisms of irregular firing of spontaneous action potentials in neurons from the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were studied in hypothalamic slices using cell-attached and whole cell recording. The firing pattern of spontaneous action potentials could be divided into regular and irregular, ...
Electrical Synapses in the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... coupling was clearly evident for relatively slow signals, action potential-evoked events were not visible; only six pairs in both rats and mice had visible spikelets (n ⫽ 39 coupled pairs). Neurons of the TRN readily generated low-threshold spikes and spike bursts after hyperpolarization (Fig. 2 A) ...
... coupling was clearly evident for relatively slow signals, action potential-evoked events were not visible; only six pairs in both rats and mice had visible spikelets (n ⫽ 39 coupled pairs). Neurons of the TRN readily generated low-threshold spikes and spike bursts after hyperpolarization (Fig. 2 A) ...
Auditory physiology chapter
... the low frequency components of the signal are directed to one end of the cochlea and the highfrequency components are directed to the other end. As will be seen later in this chapter, the precise role that is played by this frequency analysis is only partially understood. ...
... the low frequency components of the signal are directed to one end of the cochlea and the highfrequency components are directed to the other end. As will be seen later in this chapter, the precise role that is played by this frequency analysis is only partially understood. ...
Neuroscience Newsletter, May 2015 - MSc/PhD/MD
... myelination (Sobottka et al., 2011, Ioannidou et al., 2012). However, due to the physical limitations of imaging such processes, it has not been possible to experimentally support any of these models of myelin wrapping. In order to investigate the myelin biogenesis, a critical step was to understand ...
... myelination (Sobottka et al., 2011, Ioannidou et al., 2012). However, due to the physical limitations of imaging such processes, it has not been possible to experimentally support any of these models of myelin wrapping. In order to investigate the myelin biogenesis, a critical step was to understand ...
Demonstration of Local Protein Synthesis within
... culture system that allowed the separation of living axons and dendrites from their cell bodies of origin. Because this system eliminates the transport of proteins produced in the cell body, it was possible to study the extent of dendritic protein synthesis directly. Hippocampal neurons were plated ...
... culture system that allowed the separation of living axons and dendrites from their cell bodies of origin. Because this system eliminates the transport of proteins produced in the cell body, it was possible to study the extent of dendritic protein synthesis directly. Hippocampal neurons were plated ...
The Cells of the Nervous System Lab
... to compounds that produce dark precipitation under special conditions, or fluorescent compounds. This method can be very powerful in identifying specific proteins within a cell and is sometimes used to resolve cellular morphology. One key advantage of using fluorescence in general is the ability to ...
... to compounds that produce dark precipitation under special conditions, or fluorescent compounds. This method can be very powerful in identifying specific proteins within a cell and is sometimes used to resolve cellular morphology. One key advantage of using fluorescence in general is the ability to ...
Lecture notes Neural Computation
... (temperature, oxygen, presence of other neurons, ion concentrations, ... ) under which they work. Secondly, the neurons form a highly interconnected network. The function of the nervous systems depends on this connectivity. 2. Neural signals are hard to measure. Especially, if disturbance and damage ...
... (temperature, oxygen, presence of other neurons, ion concentrations, ... ) under which they work. Secondly, the neurons form a highly interconnected network. The function of the nervous systems depends on this connectivity. 2. Neural signals are hard to measure. Especially, if disturbance and damage ...
Assessing the Function of Motor Cortex: Single
... without affecting the results of the paper. It is chosen for the sake of specificity, since a specific distribution is required to define a population of cells over which response property changes can be tabulated. For analyses focusing on PD shifts and gain changes, b0 can assume any value because ...
... without affecting the results of the paper. It is chosen for the sake of specificity, since a specific distribution is required to define a population of cells over which response property changes can be tabulated. For analyses focusing on PD shifts and gain changes, b0 can assume any value because ...
Anatomy of the Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar) Division
... lie in the lateral horns of the spinal cord from the segments T1 through L2. The axon of the preganglionic neuron typically exits at the same level to synapse with the cell bodies and dendrites of the postsynaptic sympathetic neurons. These postsynaptic neuronal cell bodies make up the paravertebral ...
... lie in the lateral horns of the spinal cord from the segments T1 through L2. The axon of the preganglionic neuron typically exits at the same level to synapse with the cell bodies and dendrites of the postsynaptic sympathetic neurons. These postsynaptic neuronal cell bodies make up the paravertebral ...
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and their Derivatives for
... method to deliver exogenous pluripotency factors [15,22]. With this system, hiPSC colonies could be observed after ~25-30 days post-transduction and the efficiency was around 0.01–0.02% for human cells [15]. However, retroviruses can only transduce proliferating cells as opposed to lentiviruses, whi ...
... method to deliver exogenous pluripotency factors [15,22]. With this system, hiPSC colonies could be observed after ~25-30 days post-transduction and the efficiency was around 0.01–0.02% for human cells [15]. However, retroviruses can only transduce proliferating cells as opposed to lentiviruses, whi ...
Coding Rate and Duration of Vocalizations of the Frog, Xenopus laevis
... brief negative suction. After obtaining a stable current-clamp recording, positive and negative current steps (2 s) were applied to characterize membrane properties, and then serotonin was applied to characterize cellular activity during fictive vocalizations (see below). In some neurons, voltage-cl ...
... brief negative suction. After obtaining a stable current-clamp recording, positive and negative current steps (2 s) were applied to characterize membrane properties, and then serotonin was applied to characterize cellular activity during fictive vocalizations (see below). In some neurons, voltage-cl ...
Local integration 2
... • fMRI results show linear relationship between strength of BOLD signal in V5 and coherence of moving stimulus • Likewise, single neurons in V5 of macaque cortex are linearly related with motion coherence in their preferred direction • Authors propose linear relationship between strength of BOLD sig ...
... • fMRI results show linear relationship between strength of BOLD signal in V5 and coherence of moving stimulus • Likewise, single neurons in V5 of macaque cortex are linearly related with motion coherence in their preferred direction • Authors propose linear relationship between strength of BOLD sig ...
Motor Threshold - McCausland Center For Brain Imaging
... The motor cortex area on the brain is used as the indicator area because it’s one of few areas in the brain where TMS is associated with easily observable phenomena. The MT is defined as: the minimum single pulse TMS energy needed to observe an Abductor Pollicis Brevis contraction (APB or muscle in ...
... The motor cortex area on the brain is used as the indicator area because it’s one of few areas in the brain where TMS is associated with easily observable phenomena. The MT is defined as: the minimum single pulse TMS energy needed to observe an Abductor Pollicis Brevis contraction (APB or muscle in ...
Motor Threshold - McCausland Center | Brain Imaging
... The motor cortex area on the brain is used as the indicator area because it’s one of few areas in the brain where TMS is associated with easily observable phenomena. The MT is defined as: the minimum single pulse TMS energy needed to observe an Abductor Pollicis Brevis contraction (APB or muscle in ...
... The motor cortex area on the brain is used as the indicator area because it’s one of few areas in the brain where TMS is associated with easily observable phenomena. The MT is defined as: the minimum single pulse TMS energy needed to observe an Abductor Pollicis Brevis contraction (APB or muscle in ...
Optimal Neural Spike Classification
... three class data). One observes that the method classifies a number of single spikes wrongly as overlaps, much more than our original scheme does (see Fig. 3c), especially for the large noise case. On the other hand, the number of overlaps which are classified wrongly as single spikes is near zero f ...
... three class data). One observes that the method classifies a number of single spikes wrongly as overlaps, much more than our original scheme does (see Fig. 3c), especially for the large noise case. On the other hand, the number of overlaps which are classified wrongly as single spikes is near zero f ...
Electroencephalography Student Protocol
... 4. Remove any jewelry from the volunteer’s face, ears, and neck. Use a ballpoint pen to mark a small cross on the skin on the back of the head, forehead, and temple. Use Figure 1 as a guide. Abrade the skin with Abrasive Gel or Pad. This is important as abrasion helps reduce the skin’s resistance. 5 ...
... 4. Remove any jewelry from the volunteer’s face, ears, and neck. Use a ballpoint pen to mark a small cross on the skin on the back of the head, forehead, and temple. Use Figure 1 as a guide. Abrade the skin with Abrasive Gel or Pad. This is important as abrasion helps reduce the skin’s resistance. 5 ...
Vesicle Fusion Observed by Content Transfer across a Tethered
... only lipid-mixing to study vesicle fusion in their experimental designs. Although lipid-mixing may be an accurate reporter for some fusion intermediates, we (5,6) and others (7) have observed discrepancies between the amount of lipid-mixing and content transfer in model fusion systems, suggesting th ...
... only lipid-mixing to study vesicle fusion in their experimental designs. Although lipid-mixing may be an accurate reporter for some fusion intermediates, we (5,6) and others (7) have observed discrepancies between the amount of lipid-mixing and content transfer in model fusion systems, suggesting th ...
Drivers and modulators from push-pull and balanced synaptic input
... obtained from an integrate-and-fire model neuron receiving large amounts of excitation and inhibition in a balanced configuration. The responsiveness of the model neuron was investigated by plotting the firing rate evoked by various levels of injected current (the f-I curve). The difference between ...
... obtained from an integrate-and-fire model neuron receiving large amounts of excitation and inhibition in a balanced configuration. The responsiveness of the model neuron was investigated by plotting the firing rate evoked by various levels of injected current (the f-I curve). The difference between ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.