Nerve activates contraction
... the presynaptic side of a synapse, and are released into the synaptic cleft, where they bind to receptors in the membrane on the postsynaptic side of the synapse. Release of neurotransmitters usually follows arrival of an action potential at the synapse, but may also follow graded electrical potenti ...
... the presynaptic side of a synapse, and are released into the synaptic cleft, where they bind to receptors in the membrane on the postsynaptic side of the synapse. Release of neurotransmitters usually follows arrival of an action potential at the synapse, but may also follow graded electrical potenti ...
Cerebellum
... spinocerebellar tracts-->go to rostral lobe; makes cerebellum aware of ongoing movements ...
... spinocerebellar tracts-->go to rostral lobe; makes cerebellum aware of ongoing movements ...
Cholinergic Modulation of Arousal in the Pedunculopontine (PPN
... sleep or anesthesia, and is assumed to play a role in the modulation of sleep-wake cycles, as well as arousal. The proposed study is designed to understand the mechanisms by which electrical coupling in the PPN and Pf modulate sleep-wake cycles. Specific aim 1. To investigate the manner in which asc ...
... sleep or anesthesia, and is assumed to play a role in the modulation of sleep-wake cycles, as well as arousal. The proposed study is designed to understand the mechanisms by which electrical coupling in the PPN and Pf modulate sleep-wake cycles. Specific aim 1. To investigate the manner in which asc ...
Reprint () - Centre de recherche CERVO
... that whiskers on the left mystacial pad were freely accessible for stimulation. Before the start of the recordings, the nape of the neck was infiltrated with a long-lasting local anesthetic (1% Marcaine) to reduce animal discomfort. Local anesthesia produced a remarkably still preparation in which t ...
... that whiskers on the left mystacial pad were freely accessible for stimulation. Before the start of the recordings, the nape of the neck was infiltrated with a long-lasting local anesthetic (1% Marcaine) to reduce animal discomfort. Local anesthesia produced a remarkably still preparation in which t ...
Neurons from radial glia: the consequences of asymmetric inheritance
... Although homologs to some of these cell-fate genes have been found in mammals, it is clear that their functions are not necessarily conserved across species. For example, two homologs of GCM have been found in vertebrates; however, neither of these genes is expressed signi®cantly in the nervous syst ...
... Although homologs to some of these cell-fate genes have been found in mammals, it is clear that their functions are not necessarily conserved across species. For example, two homologs of GCM have been found in vertebrates; however, neither of these genes is expressed signi®cantly in the nervous syst ...
Role of Astrocytes, Soluble Factors, Cells Adhesion Molecules and
... Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent cells which possess multiple defining characteristics that make them attractive as research tools, such as the ability to maintain unlimited proliferation while retaining the ability to differentiate in vitro and in vivo into cell types of all three ...
... Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent cells which possess multiple defining characteristics that make them attractive as research tools, such as the ability to maintain unlimited proliferation while retaining the ability to differentiate in vitro and in vivo into cell types of all three ...
Synaptic Transmission 1
... – P is no longer small! – At many synapses, N is not large, and so the Poisson would not apply, strictly, even if [Ca2+]o were reduced. – Note, however, that in practice, it does work, as long as p is small. ...
... – P is no longer small! – At many synapses, N is not large, and so the Poisson would not apply, strictly, even if [Ca2+]o were reduced. – Note, however, that in practice, it does work, as long as p is small. ...
Functional Synaptic Contacts by Intranuclear
... the basis of their location during recording (i.e., within a laminae rather than interlaminar), and this was verified by locating a subpopulation of 14 of these cells after biocytin labeling (Fig. 2). Every one of these cells had morphological characteristics of intralaminar interneurons, including ...
... the basis of their location during recording (i.e., within a laminae rather than interlaminar), and this was verified by locating a subpopulation of 14 of these cells after biocytin labeling (Fig. 2). Every one of these cells had morphological characteristics of intralaminar interneurons, including ...
Noradrenergic Modulation of Activity in a Vocal Control Nucleus In
... Current-clamp recordings were made with the gramicidin-perforated patch method (Rhee et al. 1994). Glass electrodes were pulled to a tip width ⬍2 m, and the tip of the pipette was filled with internal solution that consisted of (in mM) 120 K-methylsulfate, 10 HEPES, 2 EGTA, 8 NaCl, 2 ATP, 0.3 GTP, ...
... Current-clamp recordings were made with the gramicidin-perforated patch method (Rhee et al. 1994). Glass electrodes were pulled to a tip width ⬍2 m, and the tip of the pipette was filled with internal solution that consisted of (in mM) 120 K-methylsulfate, 10 HEPES, 2 EGTA, 8 NaCl, 2 ATP, 0.3 GTP, ...
... I can state that endorphins are neurotransmitters that stimulate neurons involved in reducing the intensity of pain I can state that endorphins are also connected to feelings of euphoria, appetite control and release of sex hormones I can state that endorphin production increases in response to seve ...
File
... A coating of fatty tissue along the axon which insulates the neuron and prevents information from spreading to other neurons. ...
... A coating of fatty tissue along the axon which insulates the neuron and prevents information from spreading to other neurons. ...
PDF
... cell has a complex network of flat, thin processes approximately 30 pan wide and 100-150 pan long, which appear to insert into the ventral germinal plate near the ganglion, emerge onto the inner surface of the ventral germinal plate approximately 20-30 pirn from the ganglion, and insert into the dor ...
... cell has a complex network of flat, thin processes approximately 30 pan wide and 100-150 pan long, which appear to insert into the ventral germinal plate near the ganglion, emerge onto the inner surface of the ventral germinal plate approximately 20-30 pirn from the ganglion, and insert into the dor ...
Skeletal System
... Axons with larger diameters conduct impulses faster than those of smaller diameters because of the basic laws of physics: The resistance to the passage of an electrical current decreases as the diameter of any “cable” increases ...
... Axons with larger diameters conduct impulses faster than those of smaller diameters because of the basic laws of physics: The resistance to the passage of an electrical current decreases as the diameter of any “cable” increases ...
cells
... combine to form tissues, which are basically collections of specialized cells that perform a relatively limited number of functions specific to that type tissue. The human body is made up of several trillion cells. These cells are of various types, which can differ greatly in size, appearance and fu ...
... combine to form tissues, which are basically collections of specialized cells that perform a relatively limited number of functions specific to that type tissue. The human body is made up of several trillion cells. These cells are of various types, which can differ greatly in size, appearance and fu ...
The Nervous System: Neural Tissue
... • A synapse is the junction between: • The axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron (axodendritic) • The axon of one neuron and the soma of another neuron (axosomic) • The axon of one neuron and the axon of another neuron (axoaxonic) • The axon of a neuron and a muscle ...
... • A synapse is the junction between: • The axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron (axodendritic) • The axon of one neuron and the soma of another neuron (axosomic) • The axon of one neuron and the axon of another neuron (axoaxonic) • The axon of a neuron and a muscle ...
Functional Integration of Embryonic Stem Cell
... Elektronik, Lambrecht/Pfalz, Germany). After establishing the whole-cell configuration, the resting membrane potential and cell capacitance were measured. In all voltage-clamp recordings, the capacitance compensation circuitry of the patch-clamp amplifier was used to reduce capacitive transients. Se ...
... Elektronik, Lambrecht/Pfalz, Germany). After establishing the whole-cell configuration, the resting membrane potential and cell capacitance were measured. In all voltage-clamp recordings, the capacitance compensation circuitry of the patch-clamp amplifier was used to reduce capacitive transients. Se ...
Cable and Compartmental Models of Dendritic Trees
... whereas inhibition from stellate cells contacts mainly distal parts of the tree. Note the differences in scales for the different neuron types. ...
... whereas inhibition from stellate cells contacts mainly distal parts of the tree. Note the differences in scales for the different neuron types. ...
Physiological and Morphological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission
... Quantitative relationship between pre- and postsynaptic potentials. The quantitative relationship between the presynaptic depolarization caused by current injection into the inhibitor and the postsynaptic hyperpolarizing response in the excrtor was determined. In order to do this, one electrode was ...
... Quantitative relationship between pre- and postsynaptic potentials. The quantitative relationship between the presynaptic depolarization caused by current injection into the inhibitor and the postsynaptic hyperpolarizing response in the excrtor was determined. In order to do this, one electrode was ...
The Nervous System
... Dendrites (from the Greek dendron = tree branch) are thin, branched processes that extend from the cytoplasm of the cell body. Dendrites provide a receptive area that transmits graded electrochemical impulses to the cell body. The axon is a longer process that conducts impulses, called action potent ...
... Dendrites (from the Greek dendron = tree branch) are thin, branched processes that extend from the cytoplasm of the cell body. Dendrites provide a receptive area that transmits graded electrochemical impulses to the cell body. The axon is a longer process that conducts impulses, called action potent ...
PDF
... cell, the ipsilateral OPQ cell that gives rise to the 0, P, and Q ectoteloblasts. The positions within the ganglion of neuronal populations derived from each of these sources are relatively invariant from segment to segment and from specimen to specimen. Other nerve cord cells derive from the mesote ...
... cell, the ipsilateral OPQ cell that gives rise to the 0, P, and Q ectoteloblasts. The positions within the ganglion of neuronal populations derived from each of these sources are relatively invariant from segment to segment and from specimen to specimen. Other nerve cord cells derive from the mesote ...
Neuronal adjustments in developing nuclear centers
... & Levi-Montalcini (1949) showed a massive degeneration of neurons in cervical and thoracic ganglia, but not in the limb innervating sensory ganglia of brachial and lumbo-sacral levels. However, after extirpation of the fore and hind limbbuds in 2-day-old chick embryos, a massive degeneration of cell ...
... & Levi-Montalcini (1949) showed a massive degeneration of neurons in cervical and thoracic ganglia, but not in the limb innervating sensory ganglia of brachial and lumbo-sacral levels. However, after extirpation of the fore and hind limbbuds in 2-day-old chick embryos, a massive degeneration of cell ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.