Pacemaker Potentials for the Periodic Burst Discharge in the Heart
... ABSTRACT From somata of the pacemaker neurons in the Squilla heart ganglion, pacemaker potentials for the spontaneous periodic burst discharge are recorded with intracellular electrodes. The electrical activity is composed of slow potentials and superimposed spikes, and is divided into four types, w ...
... ABSTRACT From somata of the pacemaker neurons in the Squilla heart ganglion, pacemaker potentials for the spontaneous periodic burst discharge are recorded with intracellular electrodes. The electrical activity is composed of slow potentials and superimposed spikes, and is divided into four types, w ...
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... spatially segregated, adjacent bands across the simple cell receptive field, an arrangement that endows the cell with orientation selectivity. As predicted by this model, a manipulation (such as ABP injection) that alters the correlational structure of this activity should disrupt receptive field de ...
... spatially segregated, adjacent bands across the simple cell receptive field, an arrangement that endows the cell with orientation selectivity. As predicted by this model, a manipulation (such as ABP injection) that alters the correlational structure of this activity should disrupt receptive field de ...
How Simple Cells Are Made in a Nonlinear Network Model of the
... techniques that proved usef ul for studying the linearity of spatial signal summation in retinal ganglion cells (Enroth-Cugell and Robson, 1966; Hochstein and Shapley, 1976) and LGN cells (Kaplan and Shapley, 1982), were applied to visual cortex. Figure 1, A and B (De Valois et al., 1982), shows exp ...
... techniques that proved usef ul for studying the linearity of spatial signal summation in retinal ganglion cells (Enroth-Cugell and Robson, 1966; Hochstein and Shapley, 1976) and LGN cells (Kaplan and Shapley, 1982), were applied to visual cortex. Figure 1, A and B (De Valois et al., 1982), shows exp ...
The Superior Olivary Nucleus and Its Influence on Nucleus
... this intracellular pipette solution was 7 mV with reference to the grounded bath medium. All data are presented with correction for the junction potential. Whole-cell voltage signals were recorded under current clamp using an Axoclamp 2B microelectrode amplifier (Axon Instruments, Burlingame, CA). T ...
... this intracellular pipette solution was 7 mV with reference to the grounded bath medium. All data are presented with correction for the junction potential. Whole-cell voltage signals were recorded under current clamp using an Axoclamp 2B microelectrode amplifier (Axon Instruments, Burlingame, CA). T ...
30. Autonomic NS. Sympathetic nervous system
... • Possibility #2: neuron #1 goes up or down the chain and synapses at some other level. – Second neuron: leaves at that other level via the gray ramus communicantes, and exits to the visceral effector. ...
... • Possibility #2: neuron #1 goes up or down the chain and synapses at some other level. – Second neuron: leaves at that other level via the gray ramus communicantes, and exits to the visceral effector. ...
Cell division and migration in a `genotype` for neural networks (Cell
... In the developmental model described in Nolfi and Parisi (1992; in press) what is simulated is the process of neural growth. Neural networks are viewed as physical objects in bidimensional space and not, as is usually done, as purely topological structures. Neurons are assigned physical positions in ...
... In the developmental model described in Nolfi and Parisi (1992; in press) what is simulated is the process of neural growth. Neural networks are viewed as physical objects in bidimensional space and not, as is usually done, as purely topological structures. Neurons are assigned physical positions in ...
Cell division and migration in a `genotype` for neural
... In the developmental model described in Nolfi and Parisi (1992; in press) what is simulated is the process of neural growth. Neural networks are viewed as physical objects in bidimensional space and not, as is usually done, as purely topological structures. Neurons are assigned physical positions in ...
... In the developmental model described in Nolfi and Parisi (1992; in press) what is simulated is the process of neural growth. Neural networks are viewed as physical objects in bidimensional space and not, as is usually done, as purely topological structures. Neurons are assigned physical positions in ...
Contemporary Principles of Pathologic Neurotoxicity Assessment in
... There can be a standard level of risk enforced as acceptable by the FDA or this can be subjective based on a treatment and risk/benefit factors ...
... There can be a standard level of risk enforced as acceptable by the FDA or this can be subjective based on a treatment and risk/benefit factors ...
Day 3 - EE Sharif
... Myelinated Axons The axon is a single long, thin extension that sends impulses to another neuron. They vary in length and are surrounded by a many-layered lipid and protein covering called the myelin sheath, produced by the schwann cells. Neural Modeling - Fall 1386 ...
... Myelinated Axons The axon is a single long, thin extension that sends impulses to another neuron. They vary in length and are surrounded by a many-layered lipid and protein covering called the myelin sheath, produced by the schwann cells. Neural Modeling - Fall 1386 ...
Strategies for the Generation of Neuronal Diversity in the
... turned on in the floor plate, and at a time when cells are already specified to become motor neurons (Roelink et al., 1994). Indeed, there is evidence that some cells have already adopted a motor neuron identity before the floor plate has been specified (Yamada et al., 1993). While the presence of t ...
... turned on in the floor plate, and at a time when cells are already specified to become motor neurons (Roelink et al., 1994). Indeed, there is evidence that some cells have already adopted a motor neuron identity before the floor plate has been specified (Yamada et al., 1993). While the presence of t ...
ACTION POTENTIAL THRESHOLD OF HIPPOCAMPAL
... FL, USA) and ¢lled with 1 M potassium acetate (Fisher Scienti¢c, Pittsburgh, PA, USA). The electrode solution also contained 2% biocytin (Sigma) for single-cell labeling of all recorded cells. In vivo electrode impedances were between 60 and 110 M6 as measured by the bridge balance circuit of the am ...
... FL, USA) and ¢lled with 1 M potassium acetate (Fisher Scienti¢c, Pittsburgh, PA, USA). The electrode solution also contained 2% biocytin (Sigma) for single-cell labeling of all recorded cells. In vivo electrode impedances were between 60 and 110 M6 as measured by the bridge balance circuit of the am ...
EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKM 1p ON JSOLATED RAT
... that cytokines can be actively transported through the BBB (Plotkin et al., I996), although the tirne course and quantity of this passage are probably too slow and minimal to account for the rapid onset of fever. An alternative explanation is direct neural communication with the CNS through cytokine ...
... that cytokines can be actively transported through the BBB (Plotkin et al., I996), although the tirne course and quantity of this passage are probably too slow and minimal to account for the rapid onset of fever. An alternative explanation is direct neural communication with the CNS through cytokine ...
Glia Ç more than just brain glue
... glia maintained in vitro. Although such analysis is useful and has taught us much about the basic properties of glia, it cannot tell us how glia interact with other cell types. Electrophysiological and calcium imaging studies using mammalian brain slices have begun to provide insight into both glia– ...
... glia maintained in vitro. Although such analysis is useful and has taught us much about the basic properties of glia, it cannot tell us how glia interact with other cell types. Electrophysiological and calcium imaging studies using mammalian brain slices have begun to provide insight into both glia– ...
Evidence for neurogenesis in the adult mammalian substantia nigra
... mouse. These data indicate that neurogenesis in the adult brain is more widespread than previously thought and may have implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. ...
... mouse. These data indicate that neurogenesis in the adult brain is more widespread than previously thought and may have implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. ...
... comparison of the core amino acids of the KIF21A and KIF21B motor domains to previously identified KLPs reveals that KIF21A and KIF21B are most similar to each other and a Caenorhabditis elegans KLP sequence (CET01G1) identified during the C. elegans genome sequencing project (Fig. 1 B). KIF21A and ...
Full-Text PDF
... 2. Mechanisms of Cell Segregation The mechanisms promoting cell segregation have been the subject of intense research since more than 50 years ago, when the seminal works from Townes and Holtfreter [14], and later on from Steinberg ([15]; reviewed in [6,16]), led to the formulation of the Differenti ...
... 2. Mechanisms of Cell Segregation The mechanisms promoting cell segregation have been the subject of intense research since more than 50 years ago, when the seminal works from Townes and Holtfreter [14], and later on from Steinberg ([15]; reviewed in [6,16]), led to the formulation of the Differenti ...
Interneurons and triadic circuitry of the thalamus
... Because activation of the triadic circuit via activation of mGlu5 receptors has a long-lasting effect on membrane potential, it can affect the ‘play’ of the voltage-sensitive properties of a cell. There are many voltage-gated conductances that can be so affected [1,43]. For one example, consider vol ...
... Because activation of the triadic circuit via activation of mGlu5 receptors has a long-lasting effect on membrane potential, it can affect the ‘play’ of the voltage-sensitive properties of a cell. There are many voltage-gated conductances that can be so affected [1,43]. For one example, consider vol ...
PDF
... feedback signal instructing a shift from neurogenesis to gliogenesis (Barnabe-Heider et al., 2005; Seuntjens et al., 2009). We showed that Sip1, a transcription repressor, is a master regulator of this feedback mechanism. Within postmitotic neurons it controls Fgf9 expression, which in turn regulate ...
... feedback signal instructing a shift from neurogenesis to gliogenesis (Barnabe-Heider et al., 2005; Seuntjens et al., 2009). We showed that Sip1, a transcription repressor, is a master regulator of this feedback mechanism. Within postmitotic neurons it controls Fgf9 expression, which in turn regulate ...
video slide
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Lachesin: an immunoglobulin superfamily protein whose expression
... this region (Technau and Campos-Ortega, 1988). These cells are either induced to begin neuronal differentiation in the neurogenic ectoderm, or they may be released from a signal that inhibits neuronal differentiation in the body wall ectoderm. Surface molecules that mediate the intercellular communi ...
... this region (Technau and Campos-Ortega, 1988). These cells are either induced to begin neuronal differentiation in the neurogenic ectoderm, or they may be released from a signal that inhibits neuronal differentiation in the body wall ectoderm. Surface molecules that mediate the intercellular communi ...
Chapter 3
... Structures of the Nervous System - Overview • Twelve pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the base of the brain through foramina of the skull. – A nerve is a bundle of hundreds or thousands of axons, each of which courses along a defined path and serves a specific region of the body. • The spinal co ...
... Structures of the Nervous System - Overview • Twelve pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the base of the brain through foramina of the skull. – A nerve is a bundle of hundreds or thousands of axons, each of which courses along a defined path and serves a specific region of the body. • The spinal co ...
Ch 12
... Structures of the Nervous System - Overview • Twelve pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the base of the brain through foramina of the skull. – A nerve is a bundle of hundreds or thousands of axons, each of which courses along a defined path and serves a specific region of the body. • The spinal co ...
... Structures of the Nervous System - Overview • Twelve pairs of cranial nerves emerge from the base of the brain through foramina of the skull. – A nerve is a bundle of hundreds or thousands of axons, each of which courses along a defined path and serves a specific region of the body. • The spinal co ...
REM-off
... neuron B (postsynaptic), ionotropic receptors are activated resulting in influx of Na+ and Ca++ ions into neuron B (a depolarizing influence). The level of actual depolarization (size of the EPSP) can be affected by the presence of other types of ion channels such as the Ca++-dependent K+ channel. T ...
... neuron B (postsynaptic), ionotropic receptors are activated resulting in influx of Na+ and Ca++ ions into neuron B (a depolarizing influence). The level of actual depolarization (size of the EPSP) can be affected by the presence of other types of ion channels such as the Ca++-dependent K+ channel. T ...
Emergence of Sense-Making Behavior by the Stimulus Avoidance
... to study potential memory and learning by nervous systems. Using the real biological neural networks is advantageous in that, for example, we can study potential complexity, which may be difficult to implement in artificial neural networks. In this study, we use a dissociated cultured neural system ...
... to study potential memory and learning by nervous systems. Using the real biological neural networks is advantageous in that, for example, we can study potential complexity, which may be difficult to implement in artificial neural networks. In this study, we use a dissociated cultured neural system ...
Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, ""amber"" [see the etymology of ""electron""]; φύσις, physis, ""nature, origin""; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change or electric current on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and particularly action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as electrophysiological recordings.