Great Basin Fact Sheet No. 1: Putting Resilience and Resistance
... factsheet is designed to assist land managers in using resilience and resistance concepts to assess risks, prioritize management activities, and select appropriate treatments. ...
... factsheet is designed to assist land managers in using resilience and resistance concepts to assess risks, prioritize management activities, and select appropriate treatments. ...
Rewilding Abandoned Landscapes in Europe | SpringerLink
... providing recreational and aesthetical benefits (Bugalho and others 2011). Finally, in some areas with poor farmland soils, the option has been to plant forests, often of fast growing species (Young and others 2005). In this article, we discuss a fourth option: rewilding abandoned landscapes, by ass ...
... providing recreational and aesthetical benefits (Bugalho and others 2011). Finally, in some areas with poor farmland soils, the option has been to plant forests, often of fast growing species (Young and others 2005). In this article, we discuss a fourth option: rewilding abandoned landscapes, by ass ...
BASIN: Basin-scale Analysis, Synthesis, and INtegration
... Open Ocean Biological pump (including export); spring bloom dynamics (including prebloom); variability of zooplankton populations in time and space; seasonal succession; biogeochemical provinces; CO2 fluxes; eddy dynamics; food web structure; life history of targeted zooplankton species; trends in s ...
... Open Ocean Biological pump (including export); spring bloom dynamics (including prebloom); variability of zooplankton populations in time and space; seasonal succession; biogeochemical provinces; CO2 fluxes; eddy dynamics; food web structure; life history of targeted zooplankton species; trends in s ...
Document
... • According to the laws of thermodynamics, whenever energy is converted from one form to another in a physical or chemical change, no energy is created or destroyed, and we always end up with lower-quality or less usable energy than we started with. ...
... • According to the laws of thermodynamics, whenever energy is converted from one form to another in a physical or chemical change, no energy is created or destroyed, and we always end up with lower-quality or less usable energy than we started with. ...
Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what`s known and
... biomass production, consumption, and biogeochemical fluxes, we assembled a dataset of 42 studies that performed 110 experimental manipulations of species richness from 1999 to May 2011. For inclusion, studies must have manipulated the richness of 3 species, included treatments with all species tog ...
... biomass production, consumption, and biogeochemical fluxes, we assembled a dataset of 42 studies that performed 110 experimental manipulations of species richness from 1999 to May 2011. For inclusion, studies must have manipulated the richness of 3 species, included treatments with all species tog ...
Biological Stoichiometry: A Chemical Bridge between Ecosystem
... American Naturalist. To examine this, I located all articles including both “ecosystem” and “evolution” (E ⫹ Ev hereafter) or “ecosystem” and “natural selection” (E ⫹ NS hereafter) in the overall WOS database, as well as in articles published in the American Naturalist. Before 1991 (when only titles ...
... American Naturalist. To examine this, I located all articles including both “ecosystem” and “evolution” (E ⫹ Ev hereafter) or “ecosystem” and “natural selection” (E ⫹ NS hereafter) in the overall WOS database, as well as in articles published in the American Naturalist. Before 1991 (when only titles ...
Assignment 2 notes for teachers
... interactions. Begin with the question, “What are some ways that different forms of life interact with each other?” Encourage students to give examples of how different living things impact each other. Generate a list of animal-animal, animal-plant or plant-plant relationships. Students may need enco ...
... interactions. Begin with the question, “What are some ways that different forms of life interact with each other?” Encourage students to give examples of how different living things impact each other. Generate a list of animal-animal, animal-plant or plant-plant relationships. Students may need enco ...
Ecosystem services generated by fish populations
... increases the predation on phytoplankton (Carpenter et al., 1985). Although most trophic cascade studies have been done in calm freshwater environments such as lakes, some studies have been done in freshwater streams, the brackish Baltic Sea, and coral reefs (Hughes, 1994; Rudstam et al., 1994; Deeg ...
... increases the predation on phytoplankton (Carpenter et al., 1985). Although most trophic cascade studies have been done in calm freshwater environments such as lakes, some studies have been done in freshwater streams, the brackish Baltic Sea, and coral reefs (Hughes, 1994; Rudstam et al., 1994; Deeg ...
Soil community composition and ecosystem processes D. A. NEHER
... taxa performing the same function are often isolated spatially, temporally, or by microhabitat preference (Beare et al., 1995). Ettema (1998) suggests that the extent of nematode functional redundancy in soil has been greatly overestimated. Although redundancy of single functions is common, distinct ...
... taxa performing the same function are often isolated spatially, temporally, or by microhabitat preference (Beare et al., 1995). Ettema (1998) suggests that the extent of nematode functional redundancy in soil has been greatly overestimated. Although redundancy of single functions is common, distinct ...
Ecological Restoration - UW Courses Web Server
... Condition of the surrounding matrix is important • Influences how aggressive the restoration approach is ...
... Condition of the surrounding matrix is important • Influences how aggressive the restoration approach is ...
Teacher`s version - EnvLit - Michigan State University
... students have for events that occur in natural and human social systems. At the macroscopic scale we documented students’ accounts of growth, weight loss, decay and burning and at the large scale we looked at their accounts of global warming and deforestation. The goal of our work has been to develo ...
... students have for events that occur in natural and human social systems. At the macroscopic scale we documented students’ accounts of growth, weight loss, decay and burning and at the large scale we looked at their accounts of global warming and deforestation. The goal of our work has been to develo ...
Challenges in Environmental Ethics
... well an ethics for animals. Our ancestors did not think about endangered species, ecosystems, acid rain, or the ozone layer, but they lived in closer association with wild and domestic animals than do we. Nevertheless, until recently, the scientific, humanistic centuries since the so-called Enlighte ...
... well an ethics for animals. Our ancestors did not think about endangered species, ecosystems, acid rain, or the ozone layer, but they lived in closer association with wild and domestic animals than do we. Nevertheless, until recently, the scientific, humanistic centuries since the so-called Enlighte ...
Population, community and ecosystem effects of
... relevant to the study of exotic herbivores. It may be especially important to examine how herbivore feeding behavior, foraging patterns and plant choice may vary between the native and exotic location as behavior may influence their effects on the landscape (Forsyth et al. 2002). Similarly, a number ...
... relevant to the study of exotic herbivores. It may be especially important to examine how herbivore feeding behavior, foraging patterns and plant choice may vary between the native and exotic location as behavior may influence their effects on the landscape (Forsyth et al. 2002). Similarly, a number ...
Population, community and ecosystem effects of exotic herbivores: A
... especially important to examine how herbivore feeding behavior, foraging patterns and plant choice may vary between the native and exotic location as behavior may influence their effects on the landscape (Forsyth et al. 2002). Similarly, a number of articles in this issue have documented the drastic ...
... especially important to examine how herbivore feeding behavior, foraging patterns and plant choice may vary between the native and exotic location as behavior may influence their effects on the landscape (Forsyth et al. 2002). Similarly, a number of articles in this issue have documented the drastic ...
FOOD CHAINS and FOOD WEBS
... the plants is used by the animal to grow. The rest is lost as waste or used for body processes. Because most of the energy is used up, only some of it is passed on when the herbivore is eaten by a carnivore. The carnivore—a secondary consumer— takes in that small amount of energy when it eats the he ...
... the plants is used by the animal to grow. The rest is lost as waste or used for body processes. Because most of the energy is used up, only some of it is passed on when the herbivore is eaten by a carnivore. The carnivore—a secondary consumer— takes in that small amount of energy when it eats the he ...
File - Oxford Megafauna conference
... Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK A global database of some 2400 published and new radiocarbon dates on woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) has been audited, using objective criteria, to around 1900 ‘good’ dates. This represents by far the largest number of dates fo ...
... Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK A global database of some 2400 published and new radiocarbon dates on woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) has been audited, using objective criteria, to around 1900 ‘good’ dates. This represents by far the largest number of dates fo ...
Ecology - Make Me Genius
... - natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area; can be primary or secondary Primary succession – takes where no soil exists Secondary succession – takes place where soil is already present ...
... - natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area; can be primary or secondary Primary succession – takes where no soil exists Secondary succession – takes place where soil is already present ...
Precipitation manipulation experiments challenges and
... addition than to water removal. In addition to the experiments and data analyses, there are several conceptual frameworks which can help to support and structure our understanding of impacts of altered precipitation regimes leading to chronic resource alterations (e.g. the ‘Hierarchical Response Fra ...
... addition than to water removal. In addition to the experiments and data analyses, there are several conceptual frameworks which can help to support and structure our understanding of impacts of altered precipitation regimes leading to chronic resource alterations (e.g. the ‘Hierarchical Response Fra ...
General Equilibrium of an Ecosystem
... exchange. In the economy, consumers and firms are assumed to optimize: consumers maximize utility, firms maximize profit. In the ecosystem, optimization will be assumed: individual organisms maximize their net energy intake as discussed below. Yet, there are key differences between economies and ec ...
... exchange. In the economy, consumers and firms are assumed to optimize: consumers maximize utility, firms maximize profit. In the ecosystem, optimization will be assumed: individual organisms maximize their net energy intake as discussed below. Yet, there are key differences between economies and ec ...
Eutrophication: Impacts of Excess Nutrient Inputs on Aquatic
... nitrogen or phosphorus are present in excess, phytoplankton populations have the great potential to multiply. Phosphorus, specifically, has been identified as the most important nutrient in controlling eutrophication of freshwater systems [9]. It exists in various forms, but orthophosphate is the on ...
... nitrogen or phosphorus are present in excess, phytoplankton populations have the great potential to multiply. Phosphorus, specifically, has been identified as the most important nutrient in controlling eutrophication of freshwater systems [9]. It exists in various forms, but orthophosphate is the on ...
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can have very different characteristics simply because they contain different species. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically homogeneous units is an important step towards effective ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to do this.