Plant functional composition influences rates of soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation
... species numbers on soil C and N accumulation depend on enhanced C and N inputs returned to the soil from the plant community (i.e. increased plant productivity). Plant productivity is, however, strongly positively affected by the presence of critical plant functional traits which are related to the ...
... species numbers on soil C and N accumulation depend on enhanced C and N inputs returned to the soil from the plant community (i.e. increased plant productivity). Plant productivity is, however, strongly positively affected by the presence of critical plant functional traits which are related to the ...
Queensland Rail - The Department of State Development
... (1983, 1986, 1989). Additional nomenclatural changes have been incorporated via regular, personal communication with staff at the Queensland Herbarium. As there is no standard or commonly and universally accepted reference work for plant common names, all taxa mentioned in this report will be referr ...
... (1983, 1986, 1989). Additional nomenclatural changes have been incorporated via regular, personal communication with staff at the Queensland Herbarium. As there is no standard or commonly and universally accepted reference work for plant common names, all taxa mentioned in this report will be referr ...
Towards a cohesive, holistic view of top predation: a definition
... predators to changing prey abundance, which laid important foundations for theoretical developments based on the famous Lotka–Volterra formulations, so as the graphical and analytical predator–prey models of Rosenzweig and Mac Arthur (1963). These expanded the work of earlier ecologists (Nicholson ...
... predators to changing prey abundance, which laid important foundations for theoretical developments based on the famous Lotka–Volterra formulations, so as the graphical and analytical predator–prey models of Rosenzweig and Mac Arthur (1963). These expanded the work of earlier ecologists (Nicholson ...
Introduction - Beck-Shop
... growth will generally be positive for large herbivores as both plant biomass and nutritional quality will increase. The decrease in snow cover (in some areas) will also be positive for large herbivores as they will have a longer period for body growth and an increased survival during the shorter win ...
... growth will generally be positive for large herbivores as both plant biomass and nutritional quality will increase. The decrease in snow cover (in some areas) will also be positive for large herbivores as they will have a longer period for body growth and an increased survival during the shorter win ...
Alternative stable states in ecology
... The first requires that different states exist simultaneously Within this community framework, there are two classes under the same set of conditions and that the community of alternative states. The first considers alternative intebe conveyed from one state to another by a sufficiently rior states: ...
... The first requires that different states exist simultaneously Within this community framework, there are two classes under the same set of conditions and that the community of alternative states. The first considers alternative intebe conveyed from one state to another by a sufficiently rior states: ...
PP Chapter 21 Text
... • Water precipitates as rain or snow over ocean or land. • Water moves into the biotic world when it is absorbed or swallowed by organisms. Some of this water then passes up the food chain. The rest is returned to the abiotic environment in a variety of ways, including through animal respiration, pe ...
... • Water precipitates as rain or snow over ocean or land. • Water moves into the biotic world when it is absorbed or swallowed by organisms. Some of this water then passes up the food chain. The rest is returned to the abiotic environment in a variety of ways, including through animal respiration, pe ...
Ecosystems and Environment
... • Water precipitates as rain or snow over ocean or land. • Water moves into the biotic world when it is absorbed or swallowed by organisms. Some of this water then passes up the food chain. The rest is returned to the abiotic environment in a variety of ways, including through animal respiration, pe ...
... • Water precipitates as rain or snow over ocean or land. • Water moves into the biotic world when it is absorbed or swallowed by organisms. Some of this water then passes up the food chain. The rest is returned to the abiotic environment in a variety of ways, including through animal respiration, pe ...
Spatial Self-Organization of Ecosystems: Integrating Multiple
... and negative feedbacks operating at different rates or spatial scales can reproduce many of the regular patterns found in natural systems (151). However, the appeal of universal explanations must be tempered by recognition that myriad processes operate simultaneously in complex systems, more than on ...
... and negative feedbacks operating at different rates or spatial scales can reproduce many of the regular patterns found in natural systems (151). However, the appeal of universal explanations must be tempered by recognition that myriad processes operate simultaneously in complex systems, more than on ...
Forest Restoration Ecology - College of Tropical Agriculture and
... – Connections to adjacent ecosystems – Input, cycling & loss of materials and energy – Functional connections among organisms, & between biota and the physical environment • “Build it and they will come” paradigm – Does restoration of abiotic environment lead to restoration of species assemblages an ...
... – Connections to adjacent ecosystems – Input, cycling & loss of materials and energy – Functional connections among organisms, & between biota and the physical environment • “Build it and they will come” paradigm – Does restoration of abiotic environment lead to restoration of species assemblages an ...
Guide for Valuing Marine Ecosystem Services to Support Nearshore
... approach to natural resource management and natural and social systems. Central considers the effect of policies on human to EBM is an emphasis on behavior in addition to ecological processes sustaining the ecosystem’s ability to provide ecosystem services. Implementation of EBM requires an understa ...
... approach to natural resource management and natural and social systems. Central considers the effect of policies on human to EBM is an emphasis on behavior in addition to ecological processes sustaining the ecosystem’s ability to provide ecosystem services. Implementation of EBM requires an understa ...
Do we have enough information to apply the
... use an ecosystem model, which can be used to examine the ecological, economic, and social trade-offs in an integrated manner (Christensen et al., 2009). Although various models are available (Plagányi, 2007), many have high data demands and are therefore not suitable for use in a system such as the ...
... use an ecosystem model, which can be used to examine the ecological, economic, and social trade-offs in an integrated manner (Christensen et al., 2009). Although various models are available (Plagányi, 2007), many have high data demands and are therefore not suitable for use in a system such as the ...
Grand Challenge 1 Dalpadado P, Ingvaldsen RB, Stige LC, Bogstad
... 432:207–219. Relevance: To understand how such spatial and temporal gradients will influence future recruitment success in cod stocks, we need quantitative models of the behavioural response of the early life stages. Here, we have developed a model that predicts larval cod survival in environmental ...
... 432:207–219. Relevance: To understand how such spatial and temporal gradients will influence future recruitment success in cod stocks, we need quantitative models of the behavioural response of the early life stages. Here, we have developed a model that predicts larval cod survival in environmental ...
BIOLOGY 2014 Year 11 TE Unit 2
... Radiotelemetry, very high frequency (VHF) radio tracking and satellite tracking are all examples of current technological monitoring techniques which can be used to A. identify the positions of animals as they move within their habitats in search of food or a mate. B. determine the distribution of c ...
... Radiotelemetry, very high frequency (VHF) radio tracking and satellite tracking are all examples of current technological monitoring techniques which can be used to A. identify the positions of animals as they move within their habitats in search of food or a mate. B. determine the distribution of c ...
Bottom-up and top-down processes in African ungulate communities
... ungulate communities: resources and predation acting on the relative abundance of zebra and grazing bovids. Ecography 29: 899 907. African ungulate populations appear to be limited principally by their food resources. Within ungulate communities, plains zebras coexist with grazing bovids of simil ...
... ungulate communities: resources and predation acting on the relative abundance of zebra and grazing bovids. Ecography 29: 899 907. African ungulate populations appear to be limited principally by their food resources. Within ungulate communities, plains zebras coexist with grazing bovids of simil ...
Soil nematode assemblages indicate the potential for
... regulation (Brussaard, 2012). Suppression might be induced by adding biocontrol agents (e.g. Jaffee, 2000) but in the absence of specific predator-prey associations, higher trophic levels might generally enhance suppression by predation on plant-feeding nchez-Moreno and Ferris, 2007). In that case, ...
... regulation (Brussaard, 2012). Suppression might be induced by adding biocontrol agents (e.g. Jaffee, 2000) but in the absence of specific predator-prey associations, higher trophic levels might generally enhance suppression by predation on plant-feeding nchez-Moreno and Ferris, 2007). In that case, ...
Community structure of soil inhabiting nematodes in an apple
... health is obtained, which can be used as one measure to address issues of change in ecological condition of soils in agricultural systems. Since nematodes are so abundant and omnipresent in ecosystems, they serve as elegant indicators of environmental disturbance [20-24]. Nematodes posses the most i ...
... health is obtained, which can be used as one measure to address issues of change in ecological condition of soils in agricultural systems. Since nematodes are so abundant and omnipresent in ecosystems, they serve as elegant indicators of environmental disturbance [20-24]. Nematodes posses the most i ...
Unit 4: Chapter 1: Populations
... Unit 4: Chapter 2: ATP Exam questions The table contains statements about three biological processes. Complete the table with a tick if the statement in the first column is true, for each process. ...
... Unit 4: Chapter 2: ATP Exam questions The table contains statements about three biological processes. Complete the table with a tick if the statement in the first column is true, for each process. ...
Introduction to Ecology PPT
... • Water absorbs light, thus in aquatic environments most photosynthesis occurs near the surface • In deserts, high light levels increase temperature and can stress plants and animals ...
... • Water absorbs light, thus in aquatic environments most photosynthesis occurs near the surface • In deserts, high light levels increase temperature and can stress plants and animals ...
Generalities in grazing and browsing ecology du Toit, Johan T
... (extant species excluded) dependent on terrestrial food resources (species using aquatic food resources excluded). Hence, the effect emerges through prolonged isolation and is contingent upon a relatively restricted resource base; identifying the contingency delimits the generality of the rule. Such ...
... (extant species excluded) dependent on terrestrial food resources (species using aquatic food resources excluded). Hence, the effect emerges through prolonged isolation and is contingent upon a relatively restricted resource base; identifying the contingency delimits the generality of the rule. Such ...
Consumer trophic diversity as a fundamental mechanism linking
... 1. Primary production and decomposition, two fundamental processes determining the functioning of ecosystems, may be sensitive to changes in biodiversity and food web interactions. 2. The impacts of food web interactions on ecosystem functioning are generally quantified by experimentally decoupling t ...
... 1. Primary production and decomposition, two fundamental processes determining the functioning of ecosystems, may be sensitive to changes in biodiversity and food web interactions. 2. The impacts of food web interactions on ecosystem functioning are generally quantified by experimentally decoupling t ...
Interactions among grasses, shrubs, and
... forming a patch with high plant cover. This patch type is dispersed in a low-cover matrix formed by scattered tussocks (Soriano et al. 1994). These two patch types form a two-phase mosaic structure. A global review of plant communities in different continents support the hypothesis that this type of ...
... forming a patch with high plant cover. This patch type is dispersed in a low-cover matrix formed by scattered tussocks (Soriano et al. 1994). These two patch types form a two-phase mosaic structure. A global review of plant communities in different continents support the hypothesis that this type of ...
Plant Responses to Multiple Environmental Factors
... bases of plant responses falls within the realmsof physiology, biochemistry, and functional anatomy. Plant physiologicalecology borrows heavily fromall these disciplinesto concentrate on the interface between organism and environment. ...
... bases of plant responses falls within the realmsof physiology, biochemistry, and functional anatomy. Plant physiologicalecology borrows heavily fromall these disciplinesto concentrate on the interface between organism and environment. ...
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can have very different characteristics simply because they contain different species. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically homogeneous units is an important step towards effective ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to do this.