relative effects of species composition and richness on ecosystem
... communities contain keystone species or ecosystem engineers, but may still be important in communities containing species with less extreme traits (e.g., Symstad et al. 1998). Data from previous experiments indicate that compositional effects can indeed be significant as shown by the typically large ...
... communities contain keystone species or ecosystem engineers, but may still be important in communities containing species with less extreme traits (e.g., Symstad et al. 1998). Data from previous experiments indicate that compositional effects can indeed be significant as shown by the typically large ...
BOGS
... lakes are more suitable than large shallow lakes. Water tends to circulate more freely in larger lakes, thus ensuring adequate oxygen for decomposition. In kettle-hole lakes, water does not circulate freely and oxygen may become depleted at lower depths. Consequently, respiration is limited to anaer ...
... lakes are more suitable than large shallow lakes. Water tends to circulate more freely in larger lakes, thus ensuring adequate oxygen for decomposition. In kettle-hole lakes, water does not circulate freely and oxygen may become depleted at lower depths. Consequently, respiration is limited to anaer ...
Soil Biology and Microbiology
... oribatid mites primarily feed on detritus and fungi in the soil, whereas the predatory mites feed on nematodes and other groups of the mesofauna. The mesobiota play an important role in nutrient cycling in the soil. This is less because of the magnitude of their own metabolism, as due to their influ ...
... oribatid mites primarily feed on detritus and fungi in the soil, whereas the predatory mites feed on nematodes and other groups of the mesofauna. The mesobiota play an important role in nutrient cycling in the soil. This is less because of the magnitude of their own metabolism, as due to their influ ...
Wisconsin`s Oak Savannas - Wisconsin Prescribed Fire Council
... Settlers traveling through Wisconsin often encountered an unusual ecosystem when moving from the grassy south to the forested north. These oak savannas were distinguished by the widely spaced, gracefully arching oak trees that shaded a distinctive understory of grasses and flowers. This ecosystem on ...
... Settlers traveling through Wisconsin often encountered an unusual ecosystem when moving from the grassy south to the forested north. These oak savannas were distinguished by the widely spaced, gracefully arching oak trees that shaded a distinctive understory of grasses and flowers. This ecosystem on ...
Bioremediation of a soil contaminated with radioactive elements
... lease solid zeolite made nutrients available to the microorganisms over a period of weeks rather than all being immediately water soluble and subject to rapid washout. This was connected with the maintenance of relatively constant concentrations of ammonium and phosphate ions in the soil solution du ...
... lease solid zeolite made nutrients available to the microorganisms over a period of weeks rather than all being immediately water soluble and subject to rapid washout. This was connected with the maintenance of relatively constant concentrations of ammonium and phosphate ions in the soil solution du ...
Trophic organization and food web structure of
... incorporated into fungal and consumer biomass, and reduced to fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) by biotic and abiotic processes (Graça et al., 2001). Despite the allochthonous or autochthonous origin of detritus, several authors reported organic matter as the ...
... incorporated into fungal and consumer biomass, and reduced to fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) by biotic and abiotic processes (Graça et al., 2001). Despite the allochthonous or autochthonous origin of detritus, several authors reported organic matter as the ...
MALAKOFF IKAN SIAKAP INITIATIVE Sungai Pulai, Tg.Bin Concept
... conceived to provide a boost to the livehood of local fishermen as well as to rehabilitate the ecosystem of the tributaries of Sungai Pulai. ...
... conceived to provide a boost to the livehood of local fishermen as well as to rehabilitate the ecosystem of the tributaries of Sungai Pulai. ...
Chapter 1
... questions, such as is the population of Taiwan Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus formosanus) decreasing and why? Ecologists are interested in the interactions with in a group and the relationship of the individuals within that group. They will record behavior and examine the things that influence behavi ...
... questions, such as is the population of Taiwan Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus formosanus) decreasing and why? Ecologists are interested in the interactions with in a group and the relationship of the individuals within that group. They will record behavior and examine the things that influence behavi ...
Chronic nitrogen deposition alters the structure and function of
... PLFAs were then separated by silicic acid chromatography. Isolated polar lipids were further subjected to an alkaline CHCl3-CH3OH solution to form fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs; Guckert et al. 1985). Fatty acid ...
... PLFAs were then separated by silicic acid chromatography. Isolated polar lipids were further subjected to an alkaline CHCl3-CH3OH solution to form fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs; Guckert et al. 1985). Fatty acid ...
Endophytic fungi alter relationships between diversity and
... more susceptible to invasion (Stohlgren et al. 2003), while several experiments and theoretical treatments suggest the ...
... more susceptible to invasion (Stohlgren et al. 2003), while several experiments and theoretical treatments suggest the ...
Riverine Ecosystems in International Law
... biota - and the dynamics that comprise the system. The interdependent nature of riverine ecosystems is fragmented and simplified by many human activities. Instream conditions are drastically altered through water developments that change the waterflow, channel morphology, and interactions with adjac ...
... biota - and the dynamics that comprise the system. The interdependent nature of riverine ecosystems is fragmented and simplified by many human activities. Instream conditions are drastically altered through water developments that change the waterflow, channel morphology, and interactions with adjac ...
Ecological Assessment of Selenium in the Aquatic Environment
... by a wide variety of industrial sectors, including mining (coal, hard rock, uranium, phosphate) and power generation (coal-fired power plants, oil refineries); it is found in organic-rich shales that are source rocks for such activities. Selenium is also a COPC for agriculture due to discharge of su ...
... by a wide variety of industrial sectors, including mining (coal, hard rock, uranium, phosphate) and power generation (coal-fired power plants, oil refineries); it is found in organic-rich shales that are source rocks for such activities. Selenium is also a COPC for agriculture due to discharge of su ...
Land-use intensification reduces functional redundancy and
... response traits (Table 1). As with effect traits, the number and identity of response traits varied by dataset (Tables S1 and S3). Because FDis is the average distance of individual species to their group centroid in response trait space, it is little influenced by species number (Laliberté & Legen ...
... response traits (Table 1). As with effect traits, the number and identity of response traits varied by dataset (Tables S1 and S3). Because FDis is the average distance of individual species to their group centroid in response trait space, it is little influenced by species number (Laliberté & Legen ...
articolo completo - Società Italiana Scienza della
... Biodiversity can be understood as the total variety of life on earth; this includes any kind of life (animal, plant, fungi, viruses, bacteria, algae, etc.) as well as the variation existing within the populations and individuals of each species till the genetic level and the variations observed in t ...
... Biodiversity can be understood as the total variety of life on earth; this includes any kind of life (animal, plant, fungi, viruses, bacteria, algae, etc.) as well as the variation existing within the populations and individuals of each species till the genetic level and the variations observed in t ...
Consumer versus resource control of producer producer community structure
... of these effects, although ecosystem productivity is thought to strongly influence community responses (9). Resource enrichment in unproductive environments may enhance diversity by allowing rare species to use new resources (10, 11) or persist in larger local populations that are less susceptible t ...
... of these effects, although ecosystem productivity is thought to strongly influence community responses (9). Resource enrichment in unproductive environments may enhance diversity by allowing rare species to use new resources (10, 11) or persist in larger local populations that are less susceptible t ...
research highlights - Edith Cowan University
... in processing allochthonous (namely phytoplanktonic and kelp) sources of nutrients in seagrass meadows. Nutrients can flow from most productive ecosystems, known as ‘donor ecosystems’, to less productive ones, the recipients. Once the allochthonous material is deposited within a recipient habitat, i ...
... in processing allochthonous (namely phytoplanktonic and kelp) sources of nutrients in seagrass meadows. Nutrients can flow from most productive ecosystems, known as ‘donor ecosystems’, to less productive ones, the recipients. Once the allochthonous material is deposited within a recipient habitat, i ...
Providing Nitrogen to Organic Crops
... gas and drift off into the air (volatilization). Most of you have smelled this in a barn or from a pile of fresh grass clippings. If nitrification takes place and then the system becomes anaerobic, denitrification occurs. Denitrification is the conversion of nitrate ions to nitrogen gas before plant ...
... gas and drift off into the air (volatilization). Most of you have smelled this in a barn or from a pile of fresh grass clippings. If nitrification takes place and then the system becomes anaerobic, denitrification occurs. Denitrification is the conversion of nitrate ions to nitrogen gas before plant ...
BIODIVERSITY AND LITTER DECOMPOSITION IN
... et al. 2001, Roy 2001). Much less is known about how biodiversity affects other key ecosystem processes, such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. In terrestrial ecosystems, the above- and belowground plant-litter input constitutes the main resource of energy and matter for an extraordinarily dive ...
... et al. 2001, Roy 2001). Much less is known about how biodiversity affects other key ecosystem processes, such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. In terrestrial ecosystems, the above- and belowground plant-litter input constitutes the main resource of energy and matter for an extraordinarily dive ...
(2007). Targets for ecosystem repair in riparian ecosystems
... some ecosystem functions such as bank stability and hydrological flows. However, vegetation structure will only be restored following the recruitment of riparian scrub and woodland trees and shrubs (whichever is appropriate for the particular biome). Most of these species do not have soil-stored se ...
... some ecosystem functions such as bank stability and hydrological flows. However, vegetation structure will only be restored following the recruitment of riparian scrub and woodland trees and shrubs (whichever is appropriate for the particular biome). Most of these species do not have soil-stored se ...
Biotic interactions in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems: Are they a factor?
... To address these questions, we will need to address at least two shortfalls in our current knowledge. Firstly, we really need to know what is there (see also Wall, 2005). In order to understand how the complexity of the system, or any interaction, changes under given environmental conditions, we nee ...
... To address these questions, we will need to address at least two shortfalls in our current knowledge. Firstly, we really need to know what is there (see also Wall, 2005). In order to understand how the complexity of the system, or any interaction, changes under given environmental conditions, we nee ...
The Impact of Wood Shrub Encroachment on a Montana
... The causes of this shrub encroachment has been said to be dependent on the context of each individual site currently experiencing shrub cover (Eldridge et al 2011, Van Auken 2009). Fire suppression (Briggs et al 2005), grazing (Briggs et al 2002), climate change (MacDonald 1989), changes in water av ...
... The causes of this shrub encroachment has been said to be dependent on the context of each individual site currently experiencing shrub cover (Eldridge et al 2011, Van Auken 2009). Fire suppression (Briggs et al 2005), grazing (Briggs et al 2002), climate change (MacDonald 1989), changes in water av ...
Modeling Food-Web Dynamics: Complexity
... underappreciated services they provide human society (Daily 1997). Most theoretical studies of trophic dynamics have focused narrowly on predatorprey or parasite-host interactions, and have thus ignored network structure. In natural ecosystems such interaction dyads are embedded in diverse, complex ...
... underappreciated services they provide human society (Daily 1997). Most theoretical studies of trophic dynamics have focused narrowly on predatorprey or parasite-host interactions, and have thus ignored network structure. In natural ecosystems such interaction dyads are embedded in diverse, complex ...
Resource Heterogeneity Moderates the Biodiversity
... microhabitats, or use different resources. This reduces competition between species, and can mean that diverse assemblages perform their ecosystem functions at elevated rates. Here we examine rates of three important functions in different natural, nonexperimental ecosystems: plant biomass productio ...
... microhabitats, or use different resources. This reduces competition between species, and can mean that diverse assemblages perform their ecosystem functions at elevated rates. Here we examine rates of three important functions in different natural, nonexperimental ecosystems: plant biomass productio ...
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can have very different characteristics simply because they contain different species. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically homogeneous units is an important step towards effective ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to do this.