Highly resolved early Eocene food webs show development of
... them to at least one aquatic basal taxon, as well as any resource or consumer links of those animals. A forest web was similarly generated, but instead eliminated links that involve entirely aquatic organisms. Taxa that occur in both habitats at some point in their life cycle can appear in either or ...
... them to at least one aquatic basal taxon, as well as any resource or consumer links of those animals. A forest web was similarly generated, but instead eliminated links that involve entirely aquatic organisms. Taxa that occur in both habitats at some point in their life cycle can appear in either or ...
111 - CREAF
... chain structure. In addition, we propose new experimental approaches for investigating ecological stoichiometry, highlighting the possibility of coupling it with recent advanced methodologies such as metabolomics and genomics. ...
... chain structure. In addition, we propose new experimental approaches for investigating ecological stoichiometry, highlighting the possibility of coupling it with recent advanced methodologies such as metabolomics and genomics. ...
TRY – a global database of plant traits
... wide range of the plant trait research community worldwide and gained an unprecedented buy-in of trait data: so far 93 trait databases have been contributed. The data repository currently contains almost three million trait entries for 69 000 out of the world’s 300 000 plant species, with a focus on ...
... wide range of the plant trait research community worldwide and gained an unprecedented buy-in of trait data: so far 93 trait databases have been contributed. The data repository currently contains almost three million trait entries for 69 000 out of the world’s 300 000 plant species, with a focus on ...
radiocesium in plants of forest ecosystems
... Radioactivity patterns in soils might be observed on different geographic scales: a) on a regional scale, b) on a local scale, c) at community level, d) within a given community. On the regional and local scales differences in rainfall are the most important factor creating radioactivity deposition ...
... Radioactivity patterns in soils might be observed on different geographic scales: a) on a regional scale, b) on a local scale, c) at community level, d) within a given community. On the regional and local scales differences in rainfall are the most important factor creating radioactivity deposition ...
Evaluation of natural enemies released for the biological control of
... Historically, purple loosestrife was used in ornamental gardens and as a forage plant for bees (Malecki et al. 1993, Pellet 1977). Early Europeans considered the plants to have medicinal value for treating such illnesses as diarrhea and dysentery (Malecki et al. 1993, Stuckey 1980). Wildlife manager ...
... Historically, purple loosestrife was used in ornamental gardens and as a forage plant for bees (Malecki et al. 1993, Pellet 1977). Early Europeans considered the plants to have medicinal value for treating such illnesses as diarrhea and dysentery (Malecki et al. 1993, Stuckey 1980). Wildlife manager ...
Mass-Balance Analyses of Boreal Forest Population
... O’Donoghue and Krebs 1992; Krebs and others 1995; Rohner 1996; Slough and Mowat 1996; O’Donoghue and others 1997, 1998b; Stefan 1998; Karels and others 2000). Appropriate parameterization of Ecopath models for the boreal forest food web may therefore require considerably more complex models than are ...
... O’Donoghue and Krebs 1992; Krebs and others 1995; Rohner 1996; Slough and Mowat 1996; O’Donoghue and others 1997, 1998b; Stefan 1998; Karels and others 2000). Appropriate parameterization of Ecopath models for the boreal forest food web may therefore require considerably more complex models than are ...
THE IMPLICATIONS OF INTRAGUILD PREDATION FOR THE ROLE
... and habitat distribution may in turn have effects at other trophic levels (Polis 1984; Wilbur 1988). The traditional view of feeding relationships has been to assign species in a community to a ‘‘trophic-level’’, such as secondary consumer (predator), primary consumer (herbivore), primary producer ( ...
... and habitat distribution may in turn have effects at other trophic levels (Polis 1984; Wilbur 1988). The traditional view of feeding relationships has been to assign species in a community to a ‘‘trophic-level’’, such as secondary consumer (predator), primary consumer (herbivore), primary producer ( ...
Risk Profile Beta-Sitosterol
... Beta-sitosterol is a naturally occurring phytosterol. A major source of human exposure in the general population is the diet, typically in seeds, nuts and vegetable oils (estimated range: 150 – 400 mg). In consumer groups with high intake of fortified foods (novel foods) containing beta-sitosterol, ...
... Beta-sitosterol is a naturally occurring phytosterol. A major source of human exposure in the general population is the diet, typically in seeds, nuts and vegetable oils (estimated range: 150 – 400 mg). In consumer groups with high intake of fortified foods (novel foods) containing beta-sitosterol, ...
The effects of the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) and
... increase in abundance. Two additional guilds showed evidence of suppression by both native and Argentine ants: leaf damage by skeletonising insects was reduced by 50%, but there was no significant difference in the extent of suppression by native and Argentine ants. Additionally, leaf-mining insects ...
... increase in abundance. Two additional guilds showed evidence of suppression by both native and Argentine ants: leaf damage by skeletonising insects was reduced by 50%, but there was no significant difference in the extent of suppression by native and Argentine ants. Additionally, leaf-mining insects ...
Changes in the diet of hake associated with El Ni˜no 1997
... It occupies a high trophic level in the ecosystem and has been subjected to strong fluctuations of the physical environment like those associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle (Alheit and Pitcher, 1995). Hake predation plays an important role in the dynamics of both the HCE and ...
... It occupies a high trophic level in the ecosystem and has been subjected to strong fluctuations of the physical environment like those associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle (Alheit and Pitcher, 1995). Hake predation plays an important role in the dynamics of both the HCE and ...
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal effects on plant competition and
... varying degree of benefit that AMF provide to different plant species (Hartnett et al. 1993; Urcelay & Dıaz 2003). These variations in mycorrhizal responses (differences in plant growth performance between AMF and non-AMF colonization treatments) among plant species lead to the concept of the ‘mutua ...
... varying degree of benefit that AMF provide to different plant species (Hartnett et al. 1993; Urcelay & Dıaz 2003). These variations in mycorrhizal responses (differences in plant growth performance between AMF and non-AMF colonization treatments) among plant species lead to the concept of the ‘mutua ...
Large predators and their prey in a southern African savanna: a
... represents the extent to which preferred or common prey types dominate numerically over all the others. We measured both from the prey profiles of each predator type. In this case birds (except ostriches, Struthio camelus Linnaeus) were lumped together as one prey type, as were reptiles. Richness is ...
... represents the extent to which preferred or common prey types dominate numerically over all the others. We measured both from the prey profiles of each predator type. In this case birds (except ostriches, Struthio camelus Linnaeus) were lumped together as one prey type, as were reptiles. Richness is ...
Effects of human actions on four ecological systems, Margaret Candace Kosmala
... Table 2-1: Summary of tradeoffs associated with different methods of beef production .............. 19 Table 2-2: Beef efficiency metrics ................................................................................................. 19 Table 3-1: Predator weights for predator pressure analysis. . ...
... Table 2-1: Summary of tradeoffs associated with different methods of beef production .............. 19 Table 2-2: Beef efficiency metrics ................................................................................................. 19 Table 3-1: Predator weights for predator pressure analysis. . ...
Potential for Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control:
... performed a meta-analysis of 35 published studies. Our analysis found that effect sizes for arthropod hosts as a result of EPN addition were consistently negative and indirect effects on plants were consistently positive. Results held across several different host metrics (abundance, fecundity and s ...
... performed a meta-analysis of 35 published studies. Our analysis found that effect sizes for arthropod hosts as a result of EPN addition were consistently negative and indirect effects on plants were consistently positive. Results held across several different host metrics (abundance, fecundity and s ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... Page: 1186 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 5. Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic interaction? a. Barnacles obtain safe haven by riding on a whale, while the whale is unaffected. b. A bacterium fixes nitrogen, thereby providing nutrient for a plant, while the plant provides protec ...
... Page: 1186 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 5. Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic interaction? a. Barnacles obtain safe haven by riding on a whale, while the whale is unaffected. b. A bacterium fixes nitrogen, thereby providing nutrient for a plant, while the plant provides protec ...
Spiders in California`s grassland mosaic: The effects of native and
... spread rapidly, grow taller and/or larger than they would in their home range, and out-compete less resource-flexible native species within their own range because they are freed from parasites, herbivores or other attackers that would generally keep the population in check. These invaders are also ...
... spread rapidly, grow taller and/or larger than they would in their home range, and out-compete less resource-flexible native species within their own range because they are freed from parasites, herbivores or other attackers that would generally keep the population in check. These invaders are also ...
Biodiversity in tropical agroforests and the ecological role of ants
... respect to agricultural intensification. Nest site limitation is experienced by many ants and may be exacerbated by agricultural intensification. Shade tree removal accompanying intensification may increase nest-site limitation because litter and twigs from shade trees provide ant nests. In fact, re ...
... respect to agricultural intensification. Nest site limitation is experienced by many ants and may be exacerbated by agricultural intensification. Shade tree removal accompanying intensification may increase nest-site limitation because litter and twigs from shade trees provide ant nests. In fact, re ...
A1134 Plant sterols in breakfast cereals SD1 Risk assess
... concentrations of carotenoids of subjects consuming plant sterols remain within the broad natural range of variation. Clinical studies in which up to 9 g phytosterol esters per day (5.4 g of total plant sterols equivalent based on molecular weight conversion) were tested in adult subjects did not sh ...
... concentrations of carotenoids of subjects consuming plant sterols remain within the broad natural range of variation. Clinical studies in which up to 9 g phytosterol esters per day (5.4 g of total plant sterols equivalent based on molecular weight conversion) were tested in adult subjects did not sh ...
Herbivore
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A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding. Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass, tree bark, and other tough plant material.