Predation and protection in the macroevolutionary history of conifer
... regardless of the homologies of those structures. The number and length of the seeds borne on each cone scale were recorded when available, and cones were also scored for whether the shape of the scales was influenced by the growth of adjacent scales (every measurement could not be made on all speci ...
... regardless of the homologies of those structures. The number and length of the seeds borne on each cone scale were recorded when available, and cones were also scored for whether the shape of the scales was influenced by the growth of adjacent scales (every measurement could not be made on all speci ...
Towards a framework for assessment and management of
... right-hand side), whereas others had lower and very different impacts across functional compartments (e.g., introduced herbivores, climate change—sea-level rise). A third group had even lower effects on all components (e.g., introduced carnivores, agricultural runoff) (step 4). All threats related t ...
... right-hand side), whereas others had lower and very different impacts across functional compartments (e.g., introduced herbivores, climate change—sea-level rise). A third group had even lower effects on all components (e.g., introduced carnivores, agricultural runoff) (step 4). All threats related t ...
Predation and protection in the macroevolutionary history of conifer
... regardless of the homologies of those structures. The number and length of the seeds borne on each cone scale were recorded when available, and cones were also scored for whether the shape of the scales was influenced by the growth of adjacent scales (every measurement could not be made on all speci ...
... regardless of the homologies of those structures. The number and length of the seeds borne on each cone scale were recorded when available, and cones were also scored for whether the shape of the scales was influenced by the growth of adjacent scales (every measurement could not be made on all speci ...
The functional role of biodiversity in ecosystems
... asking how plant diversity influenced aggregate (ecosystem-level) production or biomass accumulation and resource use. Most experiments found that increasing plant diversity enhanced primary producer biomass and nutrient retention (reviewed by Hooper et al. 2005), and attributed these biodiversity e ...
... asking how plant diversity influenced aggregate (ecosystem-level) production or biomass accumulation and resource use. Most experiments found that increasing plant diversity enhanced primary producer biomass and nutrient retention (reviewed by Hooper et al. 2005), and attributed these biodiversity e ...
Networking Agroecology: Integrating the Diversity of Agroecosystem
... the best practices for reversing declines in species richness in agricultural landscapes, let alone how networks of interacting species might be restored (but see Pocock et al., 2012). Simply reversing some of the processes of intensification, by reducing inputs, increasing landscape diversity and i ...
... the best practices for reversing declines in species richness in agricultural landscapes, let alone how networks of interacting species might be restored (but see Pocock et al., 2012). Simply reversing some of the processes of intensification, by reducing inputs, increasing landscape diversity and i ...
Eelgrass Conservation for the BC Coast
... Since estuaries are extremely vulnerable to changes in salinity and temperature, human activities affecting water flows from freshwater streams heavily affect eelgrass meadows. Pristine watersheds surrounding estuaries provide steady supplies of fresh water and clean sediments to seagrass communitie ...
... Since estuaries are extremely vulnerable to changes in salinity and temperature, human activities affecting water flows from freshwater streams heavily affect eelgrass meadows. Pristine watersheds surrounding estuaries provide steady supplies of fresh water and clean sediments to seagrass communitie ...
A Review of Human Disturbance Effects on Nesting Colonial
... A total of 17 investigations examined effects of scientific activity, tourism, and aircraft operations on penguin physiology, behavior and reproductive success. Due to their apparent indifference to the presence of humans, penguins were thought to be relatively immune to human disturbance. However, ...
... A total of 17 investigations examined effects of scientific activity, tourism, and aircraft operations on penguin physiology, behavior and reproductive success. Due to their apparent indifference to the presence of humans, penguins were thought to be relatively immune to human disturbance. However, ...
A comparison of whole-community and ecosystem approaches
... development of community structures and the functional responses of ecosystems to different anthropogenic environmental impacts. The dynamics and regulation of food webs cannot be understood, however, unless one simultaneously considers processes at the level of individual populations in concert wit ...
... development of community structures and the functional responses of ecosystems to different anthropogenic environmental impacts. The dynamics and regulation of food webs cannot be understood, however, unless one simultaneously considers processes at the level of individual populations in concert wit ...
Tillage, Crop Rotation, and Cultural Practice Effects on Dryland Soil
... ter use as a result of increased soil water conservation from residue accumulation at the soil surface compared to CT [11,12]. Continuous cropping of diversified crops in the rotation can efficiently utilize water and nutrients and sustain yields compared to monocropping in water-limited dryland far ...
... ter use as a result of increased soil water conservation from residue accumulation at the soil surface compared to CT [11,12]. Continuous cropping of diversified crops in the rotation can efficiently utilize water and nutrients and sustain yields compared to monocropping in water-limited dryland far ...
Scavenging: how carnivores and carrion structure communities
... stabilizing force in many food webs [8]. For maximum stability, multi-channel feeding should occur high in webs [8], as scavenging does. Furthermore, because scavengers feed on multiple prey species, they make webs more reticulate, which can stabilize food webs [20]. Thus, the type and number of fee ...
... stabilizing force in many food webs [8]. For maximum stability, multi-channel feeding should occur high in webs [8], as scavenging does. Furthermore, because scavengers feed on multiple prey species, they make webs more reticulate, which can stabilize food webs [20]. Thus, the type and number of fee ...
Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology - Laramie County School District #2
... Scientists who study ecology are called ecologists. Ecologists observe, experiment, and model using a variety of tools and methods. For example, ecologists, like the one shown in Figure 2.2, perform tests in organisms’ environments. Results from these tests might give clues as to why organisms are a ...
... Scientists who study ecology are called ecologists. Ecologists observe, experiment, and model using a variety of tools and methods. For example, ecologists, like the one shown in Figure 2.2, perform tests in organisms’ environments. Results from these tests might give clues as to why organisms are a ...
Factors affecting Soil formation
... The parent rock material is the rock material that breaks down into rock particles and may influence the nature of the soil in terms of fertility, mineral composition, depth, colour and the final soil profile. Parent rock may be hard or it may be soft. Hard parent rock is normally resistant to weath ...
... The parent rock material is the rock material that breaks down into rock particles and may influence the nature of the soil in terms of fertility, mineral composition, depth, colour and the final soil profile. Parent rock may be hard or it may be soft. Hard parent rock is normally resistant to weath ...
Litchman CV - Litchman-Klausmeier Lab
... stability in algal biofuel communities under fluctuating light. Ecology and Evolution. Accepted pending revisions. Ryan C*, MK Thomas* and E Litchman. The effects of phosphorus and temperature on the competitive success of an invasive cyanobacterium. Aquatic Ecology. Accepted pending revisions. Thom ...
... stability in algal biofuel communities under fluctuating light. Ecology and Evolution. Accepted pending revisions. Ryan C*, MK Thomas* and E Litchman. The effects of phosphorus and temperature on the competitive success of an invasive cyanobacterium. Aquatic Ecology. Accepted pending revisions. Thom ...
Assessment of environmental management effects in a shallow
... harvesting removes a source of organic carbon and nutrients from the system, reducing the likelihood of future anoxic conditions in the basin (Lenzi and Mattei, 1998; Lavery et al., 1999). In the long-term, such management activities can facilitate the return of species that are characteristic of mo ...
... harvesting removes a source of organic carbon and nutrients from the system, reducing the likelihood of future anoxic conditions in the basin (Lenzi and Mattei, 1998; Lavery et al., 1999). In the long-term, such management activities can facilitate the return of species that are characteristic of mo ...
The Science of Soil: Using radionuclides to support soil
... Radionuclides: A tool of choice for soil scientists The most widely used radionuclides to characterise and quantify soil erosion and sedimentation are 137Caesium, 210Lead and 7Beryllium. A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus that undergoes radioactive decay, resulting in the emission of ...
... Radionuclides: A tool of choice for soil scientists The most widely used radionuclides to characterise and quantify soil erosion and sedimentation are 137Caesium, 210Lead and 7Beryllium. A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus that undergoes radioactive decay, resulting in the emission of ...
Upland and Wetland Prairies in the Midwest and West Coast
... Wilson 1999, Klironomos 2003). Restoring ecosystem processes may enhance conditions that promote natives and help to insure the long term success of prairie restorations (Davis 2001). Reducing non-native species is imperative because they may change fire regimes by altering fuels (Parker and Reichar ...
... Wilson 1999, Klironomos 2003). Restoring ecosystem processes may enhance conditions that promote natives and help to insure the long term success of prairie restorations (Davis 2001). Reducing non-native species is imperative because they may change fire regimes by altering fuels (Parker and Reichar ...
Impacts of feral horses on a desert environment | SpringerLink
... important functions in soil stabilization, nitrogen fixation, and water conservation. These crusts are concentrated in the top 1-4 mm of soil and are particularly sensitive to trampling [11]. Erosion, soil compaction, and vegetation loss from trampling can ultimately alter the structure of local soi ...
... important functions in soil stabilization, nitrogen fixation, and water conservation. These crusts are concentrated in the top 1-4 mm of soil and are particularly sensitive to trampling [11]. Erosion, soil compaction, and vegetation loss from trampling can ultimately alter the structure of local soi ...
THE SHIFTING IMPORTANCE OF COMPETITION AND FACILITATION ALONG
... seedling performance in a field experiment in central Minnesota, USA. We found that loss of plant diversity decreased initial oak survival but increased overall oak growth. Conversely, elevated CO2 increased initial oak seedling survival and reduced overall growth, especially at low levels of divers ...
... seedling performance in a field experiment in central Minnesota, USA. We found that loss of plant diversity decreased initial oak survival but increased overall oak growth. Conversely, elevated CO2 increased initial oak seedling survival and reduced overall growth, especially at low levels of divers ...
Soil Survey of Part of the Wither Hills
... Wither soils are the best known soils of the Wither Hills/Redwood Pass area because of the spectacular soil erosion that has occurred and which is visible on many surfaces (Fig. 22). They occur over about 15% of the area mapped. Their general properties (Figs. 23 & 24) include a greyish brown to dar ...
... Wither soils are the best known soils of the Wither Hills/Redwood Pass area because of the spectacular soil erosion that has occurred and which is visible on many surfaces (Fig. 22). They occur over about 15% of the area mapped. Their general properties (Figs. 23 & 24) include a greyish brown to dar ...
carrying capacity - Issaquah Connect
... This is the reason an ecosystem’s net primary production is lower than its ...
... This is the reason an ecosystem’s net primary production is lower than its ...
Herbivores, resources and risks: alternating regulation along
... herbivore regulation and lead to nonlinear responses in abundance (Figure 5a) [22, 45- ...
... herbivore regulation and lead to nonlinear responses in abundance (Figure 5a) [22, 45- ...
Chapter 50-55 Biojeopardy
... This is the reason an ecosystem’s net primary production is lower than its ...
... This is the reason an ecosystem’s net primary production is lower than its ...
The usefulness of Mehlich 3 and 1 M HCl extractant to
... Soil monitoring is a valuable source of information on the state of the environment. The changes of soil properties caused by agricultural and non-agricultural activities are evaluated on it. In the case of trace elements, monitoring is focused mainly on the assessment of soil pollution. However, so ...
... Soil monitoring is a valuable source of information on the state of the environment. The changes of soil properties caused by agricultural and non-agricultural activities are evaluated on it. In the case of trace elements, monitoring is focused mainly on the assessment of soil pollution. However, so ...
Recreational angling markets to advance the conservation of a
... fish. They are frequently top predators in many of these rivers, although it is believed that they may be preyed on opportunistically by crocodile species where present. Mahseer have substantial importance culturally, as a source of food and as a target for recreational angling. Dependence on a netw ...
... fish. They are frequently top predators in many of these rivers, although it is believed that they may be preyed on opportunistically by crocodile species where present. Mahseer have substantial importance culturally, as a source of food and as a target for recreational angling. Dependence on a netw ...
AWG 2010 Spring Meeting Western Washington University May 15
... Peoples Television Network which portrays the traditions, cultures, and modern practices of aboriginal tribes of Canada by documenting non-aboriginal peoples' visits to Canadian tribal lands their experiences in these areas. As viewers, we are able to learn about and better understand the cultural, ...
... Peoples Television Network which portrays the traditions, cultures, and modern practices of aboriginal tribes of Canada by documenting non-aboriginal peoples' visits to Canadian tribal lands their experiences in these areas. As viewers, we are able to learn about and better understand the cultural, ...
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse. Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural N fixation. As a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, the global nitrogen cycle (Fig. 1) has been significantly altered over the past century. Global atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) mole fractions have increased from a pre-industrial value of ~270 nmol/mol to ~319 nmol/mol in 2005. Human activities account for over one-third of N2O emissions, most of which are due to the agricultural sector. This article is intended to give a brief review of the history of anthropogenic N inputs, and reported impacts of nitrogen inputs on selected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.