![Leaf trait variation and field spectroscopy of generalist tree species](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017942367_1-cf309fb9daf33aa408776a649bf07190-300x300.png)
Leaf trait variation and field spectroscopy of generalist tree species
... phenotypic plasticity in response to environment (Sultan, 2001; Donohue et al., 2005). Despite substantial advances in trait-based community ecology over the past decade (Funk et al., 2016), the importance of environmental filters is still debated, especially at small scales where biotic factors may ...
... phenotypic plasticity in response to environment (Sultan, 2001; Donohue et al., 2005). Despite substantial advances in trait-based community ecology over the past decade (Funk et al., 2016), the importance of environmental filters is still debated, especially at small scales where biotic factors may ...
Riparian forestry management and adult stream insects
... significant distance away from the stream channel. Typical dispersal distance may vary with taxon, but the decline in numbers with increasing distance from the channel has been commonly represented as a negative exponential or inverse power function (Griffith et al., 1998; Petersen et al., 1999; Bri ...
... significant distance away from the stream channel. Typical dispersal distance may vary with taxon, but the decline in numbers with increasing distance from the channel has been commonly represented as a negative exponential or inverse power function (Griffith et al., 1998; Petersen et al., 1999; Bri ...
Order Aquatic Coleoptera
... from the adults, and their diversity is high. In temperate regions, beetles from most major groups commonly exhibit univoltine life cycles. However, multivoltinism is, as might be expected, more common in the more stable tropics. A particularly interesting suite of aquatic and semiaquatic habitats i ...
... from the adults, and their diversity is high. In temperate regions, beetles from most major groups commonly exhibit univoltine life cycles. However, multivoltinism is, as might be expected, more common in the more stable tropics. A particularly interesting suite of aquatic and semiaquatic habitats i ...
Limnol. Oceanogr., 45(2), 2000, 350–361
... the literature, several assumptions were altered. Most important here is the addition of a flux from nanophytoplankton to ciliates (Madoni et al. 1990; Sherr et al. 1991) and alteration of the assumptions on bacterial production and respiration. Third, by examining 14 seasonal periods over 4 yr, the ...
... the literature, several assumptions were altered. Most important here is the addition of a flux from nanophytoplankton to ciliates (Madoni et al. 1990; Sherr et al. 1991) and alteration of the assumptions on bacterial production and respiration. Third, by examining 14 seasonal periods over 4 yr, the ...
The Concept of Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers Ten Years On
... engineers, the concept cannot be considered useful (Reichman and Seabloom 2002a, 2002b). This complaint equates ubiquity with nonutility. In contrast, others have argued that the ubiquity of ecosystem engineering would seem to make it likely to be an important general form of interaction worthy of i ...
... engineers, the concept cannot be considered useful (Reichman and Seabloom 2002a, 2002b). This complaint equates ubiquity with nonutility. In contrast, others have argued that the ubiquity of ecosystem engineering would seem to make it likely to be an important general form of interaction worthy of i ...
The Concept of Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers Ten Years On
... engineers, the concept cannot be considered useful (Reichman and Seabloom 2002a, 2002b). This complaint equates ubiquity with nonutility. In contrast, others have argued that the ubiquity of ecosystem engineering would seem to make it likely to be an important general form of interaction worthy of i ...
... engineers, the concept cannot be considered useful (Reichman and Seabloom 2002a, 2002b). This complaint equates ubiquity with nonutility. In contrast, others have argued that the ubiquity of ecosystem engineering would seem to make it likely to be an important general form of interaction worthy of i ...
Soil Development
... brittle; few distinct clay films; numerous fine pores; 25 percent sandstones cobbles; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick) C--52 to 65 inches; mixed strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and light gray (N 7/ ) clay loam, pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) crushed massive; firm; 35 percent weathere ...
... brittle; few distinct clay films; numerous fine pores; 25 percent sandstones cobbles; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick) C--52 to 65 inches; mixed strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and light gray (N 7/ ) clay loam, pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) crushed massive; firm; 35 percent weathere ...
Daphnia species invasion, competitive exclusion, and chaotic
... hypothesis is equivalent to saying that D. lumholtzi is more likely to be limited by food quantity (in carbon biomass) than D. pulex, while D. pulex is more likely to be limited by stoichiometric food quality (algal nutrient content) than D. lumholtzi. Thus, under low light intensity, D. pulex could ...
... hypothesis is equivalent to saying that D. lumholtzi is more likely to be limited by food quantity (in carbon biomass) than D. pulex, while D. pulex is more likely to be limited by stoichiometric food quality (algal nutrient content) than D. lumholtzi. Thus, under low light intensity, D. pulex could ...
Do Inhibitory Interactions Between Detritivores
... organism (Berendse 1979, Gulmon et al. 1983, Hooper 1998). An exception to this occurs when one taxon is both competitively and functionally dominant, in which case the dominant species performs at high enough levels that overall ecosystem function increases despite decreases in performance by the s ...
... organism (Berendse 1979, Gulmon et al. 1983, Hooper 1998). An exception to this occurs when one taxon is both competitively and functionally dominant, in which case the dominant species performs at high enough levels that overall ecosystem function increases despite decreases in performance by the s ...
Plant growth at elevated CO2
... increase of CO2 in the atmosphere than C3 species. Other species, like cacti, take up CO2 from the air during the night but actually incorporate that carbon into carbohydrates during the day (crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species). The C3 species respond most strongly to elevated CO2 , with an ...
... increase of CO2 in the atmosphere than C3 species. Other species, like cacti, take up CO2 from the air during the night but actually incorporate that carbon into carbohydrates during the day (crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species). The C3 species respond most strongly to elevated CO2 , with an ...
Burrowing rodents as ecosystem engineers
... is more variable and, on average, higher; nitrogen availability is more variable and, on average, higher; and the negative correlation between the availabilities of nitrogen and light that exists in undisturbed vegetation is relaxed. These changes produce a far greater range of resource conditions f ...
... is more variable and, on average, higher; nitrogen availability is more variable and, on average, higher; and the negative correlation between the availabilities of nitrogen and light that exists in undisturbed vegetation is relaxed. These changes produce a far greater range of resource conditions f ...
Terrestrial trophic dynamics in the Canadian Arctic
... and High Arctic or among vegetation types for the same forage group. Given the standing-crop estimates shown in Table 3, we applied the phenological correction indices given in Table 4 and the P/B ratios listed in Table 5 to compute the estimated total net annual primary production for each site. ...
... and High Arctic or among vegetation types for the same forage group. Given the standing-crop estimates shown in Table 3, we applied the phenological correction indices given in Table 4 and the P/B ratios listed in Table 5 to compute the estimated total net annual primary production for each site. ...
Chapter 14: Regional Assessment of Soil Changes in North America
... water acidification, sediment losses due to loss of vegetation, and increased loadings of soluble metals into groundwater. Soil acidification is enhanced by a range of anthropogenic effects, including excessive inputs of acidic atmospheric deposition, intensive removal of aboveground biomass, and ex ...
... water acidification, sediment losses due to loss of vegetation, and increased loadings of soluble metals into groundwater. Soil acidification is enhanced by a range of anthropogenic effects, including excessive inputs of acidic atmospheric deposition, intensive removal of aboveground biomass, and ex ...
BioX, China 05-09-06 Soybean inoculants may be inconsistent for yield
... With inoculants costing $1.30-$2/acre, a benefit of 1 bu./acre would cover the cost of using the product. Those results might be lower in Iowa, Conley warns. Generally, soybean inoculants deliver a more consistent yield response as the organic matter in the soil is decreased. Generally, Iowa’s soil ...
... With inoculants costing $1.30-$2/acre, a benefit of 1 bu./acre would cover the cost of using the product. Those results might be lower in Iowa, Conley warns. Generally, soybean inoculants deliver a more consistent yield response as the organic matter in the soil is decreased. Generally, Iowa’s soil ...
SUCCESSION AND STABILITY
... can be used as a measure of rate of recovery from disturbance z Therefore, the rate of ecosystem recovery is higher in upwelling zones since the rate of algal biomass accumulation is higher in this region z i.e., algal communities in upwelling zones are more resilient ...
... can be used as a measure of rate of recovery from disturbance z Therefore, the rate of ecosystem recovery is higher in upwelling zones since the rate of algal biomass accumulation is higher in this region z i.e., algal communities in upwelling zones are more resilient ...
ECOHAB Preface The Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms
... or trophic structure through shading, overgrowth, or adverse effects on life history stages of fish and other marine organisms. Formerly only a few regions were affected by harmful algal blooms (HABs) in scattered locations, but now virtually every coastal state is threatened, in many cases over lar ...
... or trophic structure through shading, overgrowth, or adverse effects on life history stages of fish and other marine organisms. Formerly only a few regions were affected by harmful algal blooms (HABs) in scattered locations, but now virtually every coastal state is threatened, in many cases over lar ...
Competitive interactions across a soil fertility gradient in a
... interactions overall. Such species-specific effects and responses would present opportunities for careful matching of tree species composition and site type to minimize competition and maximize productivity in managed stands. For this article, we are fortunate in having an ecological system that allo ...
... interactions overall. Such species-specific effects and responses would present opportunities for careful matching of tree species composition and site type to minimize competition and maximize productivity in managed stands. For this article, we are fortunate in having an ecological system that allo ...
Land-use history - India Environment Portal
... Understanding how anthropogenic drivers alter consumer communities is important, because consumers contribute significantly to ecosystem productivity, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (Duffy 2002; Schmitz 2008; Metcalfe et al. 2014). Recent evidence suggests that the responses of consumer comm ...
... Understanding how anthropogenic drivers alter consumer communities is important, because consumers contribute significantly to ecosystem productivity, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (Duffy 2002; Schmitz 2008; Metcalfe et al. 2014). Recent evidence suggests that the responses of consumer comm ...
PDF, 2241 KB - URPP GCB
... ecosystem composition, structure and function. ............................................................................... 35 Resource frontiers and justice. ........................................................................................................... 36 Future Earth, international ...
... ecosystem composition, structure and function. ............................................................................... 35 Resource frontiers and justice. ........................................................................................................... 36 Future Earth, international ...
Effects of interactions between the green and brown food webs on
... decomposition) food webs on ecosystem functioning. Three interactions between the two food webs are studied: 1) nutrients recycled from all organisms in the food web couple the green and brown food webs through mutualistic/competitive interaction between primary producers and decomposers; 2) general ...
... decomposition) food webs on ecosystem functioning. Three interactions between the two food webs are studied: 1) nutrients recycled from all organisms in the food web couple the green and brown food webs through mutualistic/competitive interaction between primary producers and decomposers; 2) general ...
Heterogeneity
... • Three types to be considered: – Spatial: variation in space, either horizontally (as under human disturbance regimes) or vertical (uneven vegetation distribution above ground – generally natural) – Temporal: similar to spatial, http://www.class.uidaho.edu/italy2004/ecology_files/patchSteppingStone ...
... • Three types to be considered: – Spatial: variation in space, either horizontally (as under human disturbance regimes) or vertical (uneven vegetation distribution above ground – generally natural) – Temporal: similar to spatial, http://www.class.uidaho.edu/italy2004/ecology_files/patchSteppingStone ...
The Mutualistic Niche
... Although the potential for mutually beneficial cooperation between species (hereafter mutualism) (West et al. 2007) was recognized early in the history of biology (De Bary 1879), ecologists for many years considered the phenomenon to be uncommon (Rich & Boucher 1976). As a result, research on ecolog ...
... Although the potential for mutually beneficial cooperation between species (hereafter mutualism) (West et al. 2007) was recognized early in the history of biology (De Bary 1879), ecologists for many years considered the phenomenon to be uncommon (Rich & Boucher 1976). As a result, research on ecolog ...
Toward an old-growth concept for grasslands, savannas, and
... 2014). The idea of domestic livestock in an old-growth ecosystem may seem counterintuitive given the role of cattle ranching as a global driver of ecosystem degradation. Indeed, poor rangeland management (eg high stocking densities, sowing exotic grasses) can irreparably change natural grasslands (F ...
... 2014). The idea of domestic livestock in an old-growth ecosystem may seem counterintuitive given the role of cattle ranching as a global driver of ecosystem degradation. Indeed, poor rangeland management (eg high stocking densities, sowing exotic grasses) can irreparably change natural grasslands (F ...
Spatial Self-Organization of Ecosystems: Integrating Multiple
... Accordingly, pattern formation has long been a focus of research in nearly every field of biology, at levels of organization ranging from cells (161) and organisms (82, 111) to entire landscapes (46, 81, 123, 146), as well as in branches of chemistry, mathematics, physics, geology, and the social sc ...
... Accordingly, pattern formation has long been a focus of research in nearly every field of biology, at levels of organization ranging from cells (161) and organisms (82, 111) to entire landscapes (46, 81, 123, 146), as well as in branches of chemistry, mathematics, physics, geology, and the social sc ...
Ten Steps to Responsible Inland Fisheries
... currently uses approximately 70% of this 10%, industry uses approximately 20% and domestic use withdraws another 10%5. These figures are global averages; some rivers have so much water abstracted that they don’t reach the sea! Hydropower development and navigation are other major uses that disrupt a ...
... currently uses approximately 70% of this 10%, industry uses approximately 20% and domestic use withdraws another 10%5. These figures are global averages; some rivers have so much water abstracted that they don’t reach the sea! Hydropower development and navigation are other major uses that disrupt a ...
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle
Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse. Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural N fixation. As a consequence of anthropogenic inputs, the global nitrogen cycle (Fig. 1) has been significantly altered over the past century. Global atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) mole fractions have increased from a pre-industrial value of ~270 nmol/mol to ~319 nmol/mol in 2005. Human activities account for over one-third of N2O emissions, most of which are due to the agricultural sector. This article is intended to give a brief review of the history of anthropogenic N inputs, and reported impacts of nitrogen inputs on selected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.