chapt09answers
... When an impulse reaches the bulby synaptic _terminal__ of an axon, synaptic _vesicles____ release chemicals called ___neurotransmitters____ into the synaptic __cleft___. These chemicals react with specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. Neurotransmitters: Neurotransmitters that increase pos ...
... When an impulse reaches the bulby synaptic _terminal__ of an axon, synaptic _vesicles____ release chemicals called ___neurotransmitters____ into the synaptic __cleft___. These chemicals react with specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. Neurotransmitters: Neurotransmitters that increase pos ...
Complete Nervous System Worksheet
... 3. Describe, in detail, what occurs during the passage of a nerve impulse between 2 neurons. 4. Explain why a nerve impulse can only travel in one direction. 5. Explain how a chemical could disrupt the transmission of a nerve impulse. 6. Describe the chemical and physical events that occur during ac ...
... 3. Describe, in detail, what occurs during the passage of a nerve impulse between 2 neurons. 4. Explain why a nerve impulse can only travel in one direction. 5. Explain how a chemical could disrupt the transmission of a nerve impulse. 6. Describe the chemical and physical events that occur during ac ...
Navigating The Nervous System
... 12.Name the three parts of the brain and describe the function of each: a. Cerebrum- controls all thinking, reasoning, memory functions, and voluntary muscle control. The left half of the cerebrum generally does the analytical work (math), and the right half does the creative thinking. b. Cerebellum ...
... 12.Name the three parts of the brain and describe the function of each: a. Cerebrum- controls all thinking, reasoning, memory functions, and voluntary muscle control. The left half of the cerebrum generally does the analytical work (math), and the right half does the creative thinking. b. Cerebellum ...
The Nervous System
... the ripples created by a stone tossed into a pond). • As the Na+ drifts, some of it will leak back out of the membrane. – What this means is that the degree of depolarization caused by the graded potential decreases with distance from the origin. ...
... the ripples created by a stone tossed into a pond). • As the Na+ drifts, some of it will leak back out of the membrane. – What this means is that the degree of depolarization caused by the graded potential decreases with distance from the origin. ...
Introduction of the Nervous System
... • Glia cells ( 5 types) – Support, clean, provide nutrition and protect neurons Did you know? There are 100 billion neurons in the brain, but there are about 10 to 50 times that many glial cells in the brain ...
... • Glia cells ( 5 types) – Support, clean, provide nutrition and protect neurons Did you know? There are 100 billion neurons in the brain, but there are about 10 to 50 times that many glial cells in the brain ...
O`Kane
... 6. Sensory information A. is integrated in a posterior root ganglion. B. travels through afferent nerves. C. is detected by an effector. D. directly triggers an action potential in a skeletal muscle fiber. 7. When a neuron is at rest, A. an action potential is occurring. B. voltage-gated Na+ channel ...
... 6. Sensory information A. is integrated in a posterior root ganglion. B. travels through afferent nerves. C. is detected by an effector. D. directly triggers an action potential in a skeletal muscle fiber. 7. When a neuron is at rest, A. an action potential is occurring. B. voltage-gated Na+ channel ...
Central Nervous System
... using the pump • 2 K+ move in the membrane using the same pump • The net effect, since there are more Na+ ions outside than K+ ions inside, the cell membrane has a strong positive charge outside. The difference from the inside to the outside is -70 mV, or the resting potential. ...
... using the pump • 2 K+ move in the membrane using the same pump • The net effect, since there are more Na+ ions outside than K+ ions inside, the cell membrane has a strong positive charge outside. The difference from the inside to the outside is -70 mV, or the resting potential. ...
Passive Conduction - Cable Theory
... performed using simple, fine electrodes. Years later, patch-clamp methods were developed to make the same measurements [3]. The patch-clamp measurements results assert that the previous measure were underestimates by a factor of 2-4 for different values. Though the constants differ, the experiments ...
... performed using simple, fine electrodes. Years later, patch-clamp methods were developed to make the same measurements [3]. The patch-clamp measurements results assert that the previous measure were underestimates by a factor of 2-4 for different values. Though the constants differ, the experiments ...
Spinal nerves 1
... • basic unit of nervous tissue • receive, process and transmit signals • size: from 5 µm (granular cells of cerebellum) to 150 µm (Purkinje cells of cerebellum) • some can multiply even after birth • synapsis interconnects neurons ...
... • basic unit of nervous tissue • receive, process and transmit signals • size: from 5 µm (granular cells of cerebellum) to 150 µm (Purkinje cells of cerebellum) • some can multiply even after birth • synapsis interconnects neurons ...
Chapter 4 – Sensation
... Acuity (ability to perceive detail) is much greater in the cones Sometimes it is best to see dim things with corner of the eye where there are the most rods and not straight on Photopigment – A chemical in the photoreceptors that changes its form in response to light, producing an electrical c ...
... Acuity (ability to perceive detail) is much greater in the cones Sometimes it is best to see dim things with corner of the eye where there are the most rods and not straight on Photopigment – A chemical in the photoreceptors that changes its form in response to light, producing an electrical c ...
Nervous_System
... lipid and protein sheath covering neuron axons (not all axons are myelinated) Electrically insulates axon and increases conduction speed (Ex. Leaky garden hose) Multiple Sclerosis: Autoimmune disease that breaks down the myelin sheath in the CNS. Tremors: Unregulated electrical impulses ...
... lipid and protein sheath covering neuron axons (not all axons are myelinated) Electrically insulates axon and increases conduction speed (Ex. Leaky garden hose) Multiple Sclerosis: Autoimmune disease that breaks down the myelin sheath in the CNS. Tremors: Unregulated electrical impulses ...
Nervous System WS (handed out after section exam)
... f. What part of the neuron is usually wrapped in myelin sheath? The myelin sheath is responsible for saltatory conduction / transmission. This is where the electrical impulses jump from one node of Ranvier to the next node. This increases the speed of the nerve impulse. The speed increases becau ...
... f. What part of the neuron is usually wrapped in myelin sheath? The myelin sheath is responsible for saltatory conduction / transmission. This is where the electrical impulses jump from one node of Ranvier to the next node. This increases the speed of the nerve impulse. The speed increases becau ...
Chapter 10: Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function
... 3. Examples of monoamines are epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. 4. Examples of unmodified amino acids that act as neurotransmitters are glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and GABA. 5. Examples of peptides are enkephalins and substance P. 6. Peptide neurotransmitters are synt ...
... 3. Examples of monoamines are epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. 4. Examples of unmodified amino acids that act as neurotransmitters are glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and GABA. 5. Examples of peptides are enkephalins and substance P. 6. Peptide neurotransmitters are synt ...
Unit 4 Sensation
... Bottom-up-processing: Analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain's processing of the information. Top-down-processing: Information processing guided by higher-level processes, such as our expectations. Absolute Threshold: The minimum stimulation needed to detect a partic ...
... Bottom-up-processing: Analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain's processing of the information. Top-down-processing: Information processing guided by higher-level processes, such as our expectations. Absolute Threshold: The minimum stimulation needed to detect a partic ...
The Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches to Studying Motor Learning
... Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT Previous studies have demonstrated the critical role of motor cortical plasticity during both acquisition of new motor skills and recovery of motor functions from an injury such as stroke. A complete understanding of the plastic mechanisms involved nec ...
... Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT Previous studies have demonstrated the critical role of motor cortical plasticity during both acquisition of new motor skills and recovery of motor functions from an injury such as stroke. A complete understanding of the plastic mechanisms involved nec ...
Nervous System Notes
... the more a synapse is stimulated, the stronger the connection between the neurons becomes ...
... the more a synapse is stimulated, the stronger the connection between the neurons becomes ...
File
... • Cell body lies within the spinal nerve • Relay neurons • One long axon with cell body that may • Found entirely in CNS be near source of stimuli or in swelling of a spinal nerve (GANGLION) • Dendron is usually longer than the axon • Contains many dendrites • Some are myelinated • May form synapse ...
... • Cell body lies within the spinal nerve • Relay neurons • One long axon with cell body that may • Found entirely in CNS be near source of stimuli or in swelling of a spinal nerve (GANGLION) • Dendron is usually longer than the axon • Contains many dendrites • Some are myelinated • May form synapse ...
Sensory Organs
... Example is pacinian corpuscles (sensitive to pressure). These receptors are best suited for signaling sudden change in environment. ...
... Example is pacinian corpuscles (sensitive to pressure). These receptors are best suited for signaling sudden change in environment. ...
Document
... __C__1. The brain and the spinal cord are the a. peripheral nervous system c. central nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system d. parasympathetic nervous system __C__2. What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system? a. cell body b. reflex arc c. neuron d. neutron __A__3. Which of the f ...
... __C__1. The brain and the spinal cord are the a. peripheral nervous system c. central nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system d. parasympathetic nervous system __C__2. What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system? a. cell body b. reflex arc c. neuron d. neutron __A__3. Which of the f ...
The Nervous System
... • Excess sodium ions (Na+) on the outside • Excess potassium ions (K+) on the inside • Leakage of Na+ and K+ ions membranes, but Na+/K+ pumps in the membrane actively restore the ions to the appropriate side. • Other ions, such as large negatively charged proteins and nucleic acids, reside inside th ...
... • Excess sodium ions (Na+) on the outside • Excess potassium ions (K+) on the inside • Leakage of Na+ and K+ ions membranes, but Na+/K+ pumps in the membrane actively restore the ions to the appropriate side. • Other ions, such as large negatively charged proteins and nucleic acids, reside inside th ...
Chapter 7
... Each olfactory cell sends an axon onto the olfactory bulb, where it synapses with dendrites of mitral cells (in the olfactory glomeruli), and the projects thorough the olfactory tracts to the amygdala, pyriform cortex, and entorhinal cortex ...
... Each olfactory cell sends an axon onto the olfactory bulb, where it synapses with dendrites of mitral cells (in the olfactory glomeruli), and the projects thorough the olfactory tracts to the amygdala, pyriform cortex, and entorhinal cortex ...
Ageing and the nervous system
... • Absorption and distribution of the drug to the tissues are altered • Adverse reactions and side effects are more frequent The main significance of these problems is that drug doses should be modified, in order to cause as less as possible problems to the already weak organism. ...
... • Absorption and distribution of the drug to the tissues are altered • Adverse reactions and side effects are more frequent The main significance of these problems is that drug doses should be modified, in order to cause as less as possible problems to the already weak organism. ...
Chapter 12 Nervous System Cells
... conducting an impulse; also known as a nerve impulse • Mechanism that produces the action potential (Figures 12-18 and 12-19) – An adequate stimulus triggers stimulus-gated Na+ channels to open, allowing Na+ to diffuse rapidly into the cell, producing a local depolarization – As threshold potential ...
... conducting an impulse; also known as a nerve impulse • Mechanism that produces the action potential (Figures 12-18 and 12-19) – An adequate stimulus triggers stimulus-gated Na+ channels to open, allowing Na+ to diffuse rapidly into the cell, producing a local depolarization – As threshold potential ...
Chapter 13 Student Guide
... Processing at the circuit level involves delivery of impulses along first-, second-, and third-order neurons to the appropriate region of the cerebral cortex for stimulus localization and perception. Processing at the perceptual level involves several aspects: a. Perceptual detection sums input from ...
... Processing at the circuit level involves delivery of impulses along first-, second-, and third-order neurons to the appropriate region of the cerebral cortex for stimulus localization and perception. Processing at the perceptual level involves several aspects: a. Perceptual detection sums input from ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.