Conduction Velocity and Patellar Reflex Blah A. Blah Parter 1
... The purpose of this experiment is to find changes in the conduction velocity based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a const ...
... The purpose of this experiment is to find changes in the conduction velocity based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a const ...
Neuroscience 1b – Spinal Cord Dysfunction
... Ventral Horns: contain the axons of the motor neurons used in muscle contraction via the ventral roots and spinal nerves. White matter: contains shorter axons which connect the different segments of the spinal cord, and longer pathways which run to and from the brain. Nerve is the nerve fibre coming ...
... Ventral Horns: contain the axons of the motor neurons used in muscle contraction via the ventral roots and spinal nerves. White matter: contains shorter axons which connect the different segments of the spinal cord, and longer pathways which run to and from the brain. Nerve is the nerve fibre coming ...
Slide 1
... circuit consists of a population of excitatory neurons (E) that recurrently excite one another, and a population of inhibitory neurons (I) that recurrently inhibit one another (red/pink synapses are excitatory, black/grey synapses are inhibitory). The excitatory cells excite the inhibitory neurons, ...
... circuit consists of a population of excitatory neurons (E) that recurrently excite one another, and a population of inhibitory neurons (I) that recurrently inhibit one another (red/pink synapses are excitatory, black/grey synapses are inhibitory). The excitatory cells excite the inhibitory neurons, ...
Nervous System Part 6
... Sympathetic – “Fight-or-flight” The effects of sympathetic nervous system activation continue for several minutes until its hormones are destroyed by the liver. Helps explain why we need time to “calm down” after an extremely stressful ...
... Sympathetic – “Fight-or-flight” The effects of sympathetic nervous system activation continue for several minutes until its hormones are destroyed by the liver. Helps explain why we need time to “calm down” after an extremely stressful ...
An introduction to hearing
... Head related transfer function - outer ear as notch filter • Pinna mean there are many paths for sound to reach the ear canal • Low frequencies: paths in phase • High frequencies: can be in phase or out of phase • Notch more pronounced for frontal sounds, notch frequency varies with elevation: usef ...
... Head related transfer function - outer ear as notch filter • Pinna mean there are many paths for sound to reach the ear canal • Low frequencies: paths in phase • High frequencies: can be in phase or out of phase • Notch more pronounced for frontal sounds, notch frequency varies with elevation: usef ...
Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
... and are thought to have many of the same functions in the PNS as astrocytes do in the CNS. Their name comes from a fancied resemblance to the moons (satellites) around a planet. Schwann cells (also called neurolemmocytes) surround and form myelin sheaths around the larger nerve fibers in the periphe ...
... and are thought to have many of the same functions in the PNS as astrocytes do in the CNS. Their name comes from a fancied resemblance to the moons (satellites) around a planet. Schwann cells (also called neurolemmocytes) surround and form myelin sheaths around the larger nerve fibers in the periphe ...
POSICAST BASED CONTROL OF A BUCK CONVERTER
... Self adapting central information processor. The Brain Millions of communication lines (afferent and efferent nerves) that bring sensory information-in, transmit control information-out of the brain. Information is coded by electrochemical pulses (nerve action potentials) travel along nerves. ...
... Self adapting central information processor. The Brain Millions of communication lines (afferent and efferent nerves) that bring sensory information-in, transmit control information-out of the brain. Information is coded by electrochemical pulses (nerve action potentials) travel along nerves. ...
Modeling and interpretation of extracellular potentials
... • Amplitude is (i) roughly proportional to sum of cross-sectional areas of dendrites connected to soma, (ii) independent of membrane resistance Rm, … ...
... • Amplitude is (i) roughly proportional to sum of cross-sectional areas of dendrites connected to soma, (ii) independent of membrane resistance Rm, … ...
Unit 3D Worksheet 1) In the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS
... heavily ________________axon. This would be an afferent/efferent sensory/motor neuron. 4) Effectors of the ANS innervate ___________muscle, __________muscle and ________via a ______neuron __________made up of _______and ________ganglionic neurons with a synaptic____________. These would be visceral ...
... heavily ________________axon. This would be an afferent/efferent sensory/motor neuron. 4) Effectors of the ANS innervate ___________muscle, __________muscle and ________via a ______neuron __________made up of _______and ________ganglionic neurons with a synaptic____________. These would be visceral ...
Movement
... Disorders of the Motor Neurons. a) Myasthenia Gravis: The immune system progressively attacks acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. This leads to progressive muscle weakness and rapid fatigue apparent after short periods of exercise. Drugs such as Physostigmine (an acetylcholine agonis ...
... Disorders of the Motor Neurons. a) Myasthenia Gravis: The immune system progressively attacks acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. This leads to progressive muscle weakness and rapid fatigue apparent after short periods of exercise. Drugs such as Physostigmine (an acetylcholine agonis ...
Untitled
... also be seen from the side. A number of cranial nerves (trigeminalnerve, optic nerve) can be seen, and the side of the brainstem is partly visible. The fissures and sulci of the cerebral cortex are quite variable from one species of animal to another. However, one fissure, the rhinal fissure, is pre ...
... also be seen from the side. A number of cranial nerves (trigeminalnerve, optic nerve) can be seen, and the side of the brainstem is partly visible. The fissures and sulci of the cerebral cortex are quite variable from one species of animal to another. However, one fissure, the rhinal fissure, is pre ...
Chapter 17
... c. reverberating circuit in which once a presynaptic neuron is stimulated, it will cause the postsynaptic neuron to transmit a series of nerve impulses c. parallel after-discharge circuit in which a single presynaptic neuron stimulates a group of neurons, all of which form synapses with a common pos ...
... c. reverberating circuit in which once a presynaptic neuron is stimulated, it will cause the postsynaptic neuron to transmit a series of nerve impulses c. parallel after-discharge circuit in which a single presynaptic neuron stimulates a group of neurons, all of which form synapses with a common pos ...
Physiopathology – Motor prostheses
... Non-intuitive control requires concentration, has high rejection rate in practice Although more active joints than commercial alternatives, motion is still limited by under-actuation ...
... Non-intuitive control requires concentration, has high rejection rate in practice Although more active joints than commercial alternatives, motion is still limited by under-actuation ...
Psychology 101 - Psychological Sciences
... patient typically reported seeing _________. a. a face; a face b. fruits or vegetables; fruits or vegetables c. a face; fruits or vegetables d. fruits or vegetables; a face 14. Random assignment to either the control or experimental group is an important aspect of experimental procedures. Random ass ...
... patient typically reported seeing _________. a. a face; a face b. fruits or vegetables; fruits or vegetables c. a face; fruits or vegetables d. fruits or vegetables; a face 14. Random assignment to either the control or experimental group is an important aspect of experimental procedures. Random ass ...
Figure 4.8 The human brain stem This composite structure extends
... This composite structure extends from the top of the spinal cord into the center of the forebrain. The pons, pineal gland, and colliculi are ordinarily surrounded by the cerebral cortex. ...
... This composite structure extends from the top of the spinal cord into the center of the forebrain. The pons, pineal gland, and colliculi are ordinarily surrounded by the cerebral cortex. ...
CMT Handout.qxd
... comprised of CMT patients, CMT family members, medical professionals, and other persons whose expertise facilitate the work of the CMTA. The Medical Advisory Board of the CMTA consists of over forty clinical and research medical professionals. This international group of men and women are noted CMT ...
... comprised of CMT patients, CMT family members, medical professionals, and other persons whose expertise facilitate the work of the CMTA. The Medical Advisory Board of the CMTA consists of over forty clinical and research medical professionals. This international group of men and women are noted CMT ...
Nervous system power point notes #1
... – The portion of the nervous system outside CNS – Consists mainly of nerves that extend from brain and spinal cord • Spinal nerves to and from spinal cord • Cranial nerves to and from brain © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... – The portion of the nervous system outside CNS – Consists mainly of nerves that extend from brain and spinal cord • Spinal nerves to and from spinal cord • Cranial nerves to and from brain © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
control of movement by the CNS - motor neurons found in anterior
... cells in one column may fire when muscle is active in a specific movement (synergy) same cells may be silent when same muscle participates in a different movement not necessary to represent every possible muscle synergy finite set of cardinal synergies, which can be combined and weighted - coding di ...
... cells in one column may fire when muscle is active in a specific movement (synergy) same cells may be silent when same muscle participates in a different movement not necessary to represent every possible muscle synergy finite set of cardinal synergies, which can be combined and weighted - coding di ...
Integrate and Fire Neural Network
... • membrane threshold is updated with new value in the NPU-total register and if the threshold exceeds the firing value then set spike flag output axon • this involves 2 multiplies • When all neurons finished with spike info, broadcast new spikes • Update time Contents – registers: fire threshold, me ...
... • membrane threshold is updated with new value in the NPU-total register and if the threshold exceeds the firing value then set spike flag output axon • this involves 2 multiplies • When all neurons finished with spike info, broadcast new spikes • Update time Contents – registers: fire threshold, me ...
Nervous System
... way that part of it goes to the cerebral cortex for sensation and perception whereas another part directly goes to the motor system for reflexive action. The information reaching cerebral cortex at the consciousness level plays a major role in developing cognition. Cognition system of input is volun ...
... way that part of it goes to the cerebral cortex for sensation and perception whereas another part directly goes to the motor system for reflexive action. The information reaching cerebral cortex at the consciousness level plays a major role in developing cognition. Cognition system of input is volun ...
Document
... Clinical correlations: lesions of CN X ● result in the following conditions: 1. Ipsilateral paralysis of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx leading to dysphonia (hoarseness), dyspnea, dysarthria, and dysphagia 2. Loss of the gag (palatal) reflex (efferent limb) 3. Anesthesia of the pharynx and lar ...
... Clinical correlations: lesions of CN X ● result in the following conditions: 1. Ipsilateral paralysis of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx leading to dysphonia (hoarseness), dyspnea, dysarthria, and dysphagia 2. Loss of the gag (palatal) reflex (efferent limb) 3. Anesthesia of the pharynx and lar ...
Sensory Regeneration in Arthropods: Implications of Homoeosis
... connections elicit action potentials in giant interneurons when cereal mechanoreceptors are stimulated (Edwards et al., 1967). It was originally thought that connections were made with the more anterior regions of the same giant interneurons (the MGI and LGI) whose normal input from cereal mechanore ...
... connections elicit action potentials in giant interneurons when cereal mechanoreceptors are stimulated (Edwards et al., 1967). It was originally thought that connections were made with the more anterior regions of the same giant interneurons (the MGI and LGI) whose normal input from cereal mechanore ...
Introduction to neural computation
... Synapses • When a spike travels along an axon and arrives at a synapse it causes vesicles of transmitter chemical to be released – There are several kinds of transmitter • The transmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptor molecules in the membrane of the post-synaptic ...
... Synapses • When a spike travels along an axon and arrives at a synapse it causes vesicles of transmitter chemical to be released – There are several kinds of transmitter • The transmitter molecules diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptor molecules in the membrane of the post-synaptic ...
Renal system
... (nighttime lighting). All rods have the same pigment which is rhodopsin Cones are shorter with tapering outer segment and relatively few disks. They function in photopic conditions (daytime lighting). There are three different types of cones based on type of photopigment. The photopigments are diffe ...
... (nighttime lighting). All rods have the same pigment which is rhodopsin Cones are shorter with tapering outer segment and relatively few disks. They function in photopic conditions (daytime lighting). There are three different types of cones based on type of photopigment. The photopigments are diffe ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.