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... End of Chapter 15 Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should b ...
... End of Chapter 15 Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should b ...
Integrative neurobiology of energy homeostasis
... 2. Hypothalamic control of body weight and food intake The role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy homeostasis has been known for as long as 70 years, when it was shown that lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus lead to hyperphagia and obesity, while lesions of the lateral hypothalam ...
... 2. Hypothalamic control of body weight and food intake The role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy homeostasis has been known for as long as 70 years, when it was shown that lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus lead to hyperphagia and obesity, while lesions of the lateral hypothalam ...
The Structure of the Nervous System
... The central nervous system (CNS) consistsof the parts of the nervous systemthat are encasedin bone: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain lies entirely within the skull. A sideview of the rat brain revealsthree parts that are common to all mammals:the cerebrum,the cerebellum,and the brain stem (F ...
... The central nervous system (CNS) consistsof the parts of the nervous systemthat are encasedin bone: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain lies entirely within the skull. A sideview of the rat brain revealsthree parts that are common to all mammals:the cerebrum,the cerebellum,and the brain stem (F ...
File Now
... A given movement can be accomplished various ways, using different muscles. Central sensorimotor programs must be stored at a level higher than the muscle (as different muscles can do the same task). Sensorimotor programs may be stored in secondary motor cortex. ...
... A given movement can be accomplished various ways, using different muscles. Central sensorimotor programs must be stored at a level higher than the muscle (as different muscles can do the same task). Sensorimotor programs may be stored in secondary motor cortex. ...
Carotid Sinus
... occlusion of the contralateral ICA or in cases of incomplete circle of Willis. • Intra-arterial administration of 100 to 400 micrograms of nitroglycerin through the guiding sheath generally leads to a rapid resolution of the spasm. • When all else fails or BP won’t allow vasodilators…TIME. Spasm wil ...
... occlusion of the contralateral ICA or in cases of incomplete circle of Willis. • Intra-arterial administration of 100 to 400 micrograms of nitroglycerin through the guiding sheath generally leads to a rapid resolution of the spasm. • When all else fails or BP won’t allow vasodilators…TIME. Spasm wil ...
The Outer (External) Ear
... • Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear that can lead to conduction deafness. It typically occurs when an upper respiratory infection, such as a cold, leads to swelling of the auditory tibe, creating a vacuum that pulls fluid into the middle ear. The fluid provides an ideal environment for ...
... • Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear that can lead to conduction deafness. It typically occurs when an upper respiratory infection, such as a cold, leads to swelling of the auditory tibe, creating a vacuum that pulls fluid into the middle ear. The fluid provides an ideal environment for ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional evaluation, etc.. The aggregate effect of these bias signals is to guide the flow of neural act ...
... signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional evaluation, etc.. The aggregate effect of these bias signals is to guide the flow of neural act ...
Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to Perception
... nonlinearity in dendritic integration are thought to endow individual pyramidal neurons with enhanced processing capacity (44, 94), the computational power can only be harvested if the inputs carrying different signals are segregated into distinct regions (8, 72). In fact, the importance of domain-s ...
... nonlinearity in dendritic integration are thought to endow individual pyramidal neurons with enhanced processing capacity (44, 94), the computational power can only be harvested if the inputs carrying different signals are segregated into distinct regions (8, 72). In fact, the importance of domain-s ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... presented again, after it had been turned off for 15 min, the response of the neuron was fully recovered (figure 1e). Repetition suppression has since been observed in singleunit activity across a large number of different experimental conditions and brain regions, including the IT cortex [35,37–39] ...
... presented again, after it had been turned off for 15 min, the response of the neuron was fully recovered (figure 1e). Repetition suppression has since been observed in singleunit activity across a large number of different experimental conditions and brain regions, including the IT cortex [35,37–39] ...
Nerve Regeneration in C. elegans after femtosecond laser axotomy
... using Argon ion laser-based confocal microscopy [28], which show that the completely photobleached neurons are able to synthesize and recover GFP fluorescence within 3 h. Furthermore, immediately after we photobleached all the motor neurons, the movement of the worms were wild-type (motor neurons ar ...
... using Argon ion laser-based confocal microscopy [28], which show that the completely photobleached neurons are able to synthesize and recover GFP fluorescence within 3 h. Furthermore, immediately after we photobleached all the motor neurons, the movement of the worms were wild-type (motor neurons ar ...
How Do Neurons Communicate?
... tell us whether those particular neurons have excitatory or inhibitory effects on other cells. It also helps to tell us something about the behavior in which the neuron is engaged. In the next section, we will look at the structure of a synapse, the site where chemical communication by means of a ne ...
... tell us whether those particular neurons have excitatory or inhibitory effects on other cells. It also helps to tell us something about the behavior in which the neuron is engaged. In the next section, we will look at the structure of a synapse, the site where chemical communication by means of a ne ...
Sense Making Taste
... sweet and bitter substances appear to be present at birth and to depend on neural connections within the lower brain stem. Animals with their forebrains surgically disconnected and anencephalic human newborns (those lacking a forebrain) show facial responses normally associated with pleasure and dis ...
... sweet and bitter substances appear to be present at birth and to depend on neural connections within the lower brain stem. Animals with their forebrains surgically disconnected and anencephalic human newborns (those lacking a forebrain) show facial responses normally associated with pleasure and dis ...
Insect Bio-inspired Neural Network Provides New Evidence on How
... To evaluate the performance of our models, we simulated the theoretical responses of mushroom body Kenyon cells [16, 21] to a range of achromatic patterns previously used in honeybee behavioural experiments [18–20]. These particular experiments were selected primarily because of the complexity of th ...
... To evaluate the performance of our models, we simulated the theoretical responses of mushroom body Kenyon cells [16, 21] to a range of achromatic patterns previously used in honeybee behavioural experiments [18–20]. These particular experiments were selected primarily because of the complexity of th ...
Resting membrane potential is
... Excitable cells As most neurons and muscle cells are much longer than their length constants, the graded impulses disappear when flowing along the cell, thus the responses cannot deliver signals from one end to the other in the cell Excitable cells are distinguished by their ability to generate a ...
... Excitable cells As most neurons and muscle cells are much longer than their length constants, the graded impulses disappear when flowing along the cell, thus the responses cannot deliver signals from one end to the other in the cell Excitable cells are distinguished by their ability to generate a ...
Hippocampus duality: memory and novelty detection are subserved
... the other, and participants had to mentally count the rare, target stimuli, which appeared randomly among distractors. They reported the number of targets they had counted after the end of the task. The visual Oddball task (OB) consisted of 250 trials (20% targets), the duration of the presentation ...
... the other, and participants had to mentally count the rare, target stimuli, which appeared randomly among distractors. They reported the number of targets they had counted after the end of the task. The visual Oddball task (OB) consisted of 250 trials (20% targets), the duration of the presentation ...
STINGLESS BEES: THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF FORAGING Abstract
... forager species of bees, the whitish reflective abdominal hairs may facilitate orientation as they leave the nest. An important tool used to control the course and speed of flight is vision. Speed is controlled by altering the angular velocity of the environment’s image on the retina, and the speed ...
... forager species of bees, the whitish reflective abdominal hairs may facilitate orientation as they leave the nest. An important tool used to control the course and speed of flight is vision. Speed is controlled by altering the angular velocity of the environment’s image on the retina, and the speed ...
The role of T helper cells in neuroprotection and - Direct-MS
... restored the survival of facial motor neurons in these mice to the level of the wild-type controls (Serpe et al., 1999). Thus, in one model, replenishment of T cells exacerbated the injury and in another model it increased cell survival. It is important to note that these studies are difficult to co ...
... restored the survival of facial motor neurons in these mice to the level of the wild-type controls (Serpe et al., 1999). Thus, in one model, replenishment of T cells exacerbated the injury and in another model it increased cell survival. It is important to note that these studies are difficult to co ...
The Output Signal of Purkinje Cells of the Cerebellum and Circadian
... contains a circadian oscillator. The cerebellar oscillator is involved in anticipation of mealtime and possibly resides in Purkinje cells. However, the rhythmic gene expression is likely transduced into a circadian cerebellar output signal to exert an effective control of neuronal brain circuits tha ...
... contains a circadian oscillator. The cerebellar oscillator is involved in anticipation of mealtime and possibly resides in Purkinje cells. However, the rhythmic gene expression is likely transduced into a circadian cerebellar output signal to exert an effective control of neuronal brain circuits tha ...
Chadha_umd_0117E_15128 - DRUM
... to stay aloft. Thrust is generated by accelerating the air under the wings backwards, and lift is generated by pushing the air downwards. Whereas the magnitude of these forces can be crudely approximated using elementary physical principles, flapping flight offers tremendous challenges relative to f ...
... to stay aloft. Thrust is generated by accelerating the air under the wings backwards, and lift is generated by pushing the air downwards. Whereas the magnitude of these forces can be crudely approximated using elementary physical principles, flapping flight offers tremendous challenges relative to f ...
ExamView - Unit 3 Practice Test.tst
... ____ 16. Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal ...
... ____ 16. Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
Neuroscience Information Framework Standard Ontologies
... • Multiple participants can edit the ontology contents instantly • Control of content is done after edits are made based on the merit of the content • Semantics are limited to what is convenient for the domain • Not a replacement for top-down construction; sometimes necessary to increase flexibility ...
... • Multiple participants can edit the ontology contents instantly • Control of content is done after edits are made based on the merit of the content • Semantics are limited to what is convenient for the domain • Not a replacement for top-down construction; sometimes necessary to increase flexibility ...
Leech Heart CPG
... inhibition, Ih activates relatively slowly and depolarizes the inhibited neuron, thus allowing for the transition into the burst phase. The ‘release’ of the inhibited neuron is allowed by the decline in the spike frequency in the contralateral oscillator neuron. Although it has been proposed that bo ...
... inhibition, Ih activates relatively slowly and depolarizes the inhibited neuron, thus allowing for the transition into the burst phase. The ‘release’ of the inhibited neuron is allowed by the decline in the spike frequency in the contralateral oscillator neuron. Although it has been proposed that bo ...
Hello. I`m Michael Farries, a graduate student of David Perkel. I have
... hodology. These extended amygdala structures have projections related to their visceral and limbic functions, while at least large chunks of PA and LPO are more sensorimotor. Second, there are lots of similarities between mammalian dorsal striatum/pallidum and avian PA-LPO/PP that make the case for ...
... hodology. These extended amygdala structures have projections related to their visceral and limbic functions, while at least large chunks of PA and LPO are more sensorimotor. Second, there are lots of similarities between mammalian dorsal striatum/pallidum and avian PA-LPO/PP that make the case for ...
Chapter 21: Control and Coordination
... Although the spinal cord is surrounded by the vertebrae of your spine, spinal cord injuries do occur. They can be just as dangerous as a brain injury. Injury to the spine can bring about damage to nerve pathways and result in paralysis (puh RA luh suhs), which is the loss of muscle movement. As show ...
... Although the spinal cord is surrounded by the vertebrae of your spine, spinal cord injuries do occur. They can be just as dangerous as a brain injury. Injury to the spine can bring about damage to nerve pathways and result in paralysis (puh RA luh suhs), which is the loss of muscle movement. As show ...