Cortical connections of the visuomotor parietooccipital
... removed from the skull, photographed, and placed in 10% buffered glycerol for 3 days and in 20% glycerol for 4 days. Finally, they were cut on a freezing microtome at 60 m in the parasagittal plane, except for two hemispheres (cases 11L and 19L) that were cut in the coronal plane. In cases 18L and ...
... removed from the skull, photographed, and placed in 10% buffered glycerol for 3 days and in 20% glycerol for 4 days. Finally, they were cut on a freezing microtome at 60 m in the parasagittal plane, except for two hemispheres (cases 11L and 19L) that were cut in the coronal plane. In cases 18L and ...
Cortical and basal ganglia contributions to habit learning and
... ing (where meaningful data are available from the first trial). For example, to study the effects of automaticity on neuronal responses in motor cortex, Matsuzaka, Picard and Strick [4] had monkeys practice the same motor sequence almost daily for up to two years. Despite the difficulty of studying ...
... ing (where meaningful data are available from the first trial). For example, to study the effects of automaticity on neuronal responses in motor cortex, Matsuzaka, Picard and Strick [4] had monkeys practice the same motor sequence almost daily for up to two years. Despite the difficulty of studying ...
Signals and circuits in the Purkinje neuron NEURAL CIRCUITS Ze’ev R. Abrams
... Purkinje neurons (PN) in the cerebellum have over 100,000 inputs organized in an orthogonal geometry, and a single output channel. As the sole output of the cerebellar cortex layer, their complex firing pattern has been associated with motor control and learning. As such they have been extensively mo ...
... Purkinje neurons (PN) in the cerebellum have over 100,000 inputs organized in an orthogonal geometry, and a single output channel. As the sole output of the cerebellar cortex layer, their complex firing pattern has been associated with motor control and learning. As such they have been extensively mo ...
Neurons of human nucleus accumbens
... with the obvious cytoarchitectural differences and lower impregnation quality of some parts of septal region, may be Golgi-dependent characteristics observed in these regions. It is well-known that the Golgi method is neural and highly selective. On the other hand, this technique provides useful inf ...
... with the obvious cytoarchitectural differences and lower impregnation quality of some parts of septal region, may be Golgi-dependent characteristics observed in these regions. It is well-known that the Golgi method is neural and highly selective. On the other hand, this technique provides useful inf ...
The Thalamic Projections of the Spinothalamic Tract
... the above conclusions were strongly disputed by Craig [16,17], who suggested that a difference in the specific calbindin antibodies used by each group (monoclonal versus polyclonal) might underlie the discrepancies. This explanation was considered unlikely, however, since Western blot analysis of both ...
... the above conclusions were strongly disputed by Craig [16,17], who suggested that a difference in the specific calbindin antibodies used by each group (monoclonal versus polyclonal) might underlie the discrepancies. This explanation was considered unlikely, however, since Western blot analysis of both ...
Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Input to Pyramidal Neurons in
... Kaneko et al., 2000; Mao et al., 2011). Somatosensory information also reaches M1 via higher-order sensory thalamus, including the medial subdivision of posterior nucleus (POm) (Deschênes et al., 1998; Ohno et al., 2012) and ventrolateral thalamus (VL) (Strick and Sterling, 1974; Asanuma et al., 19 ...
... Kaneko et al., 2000; Mao et al., 2011). Somatosensory information also reaches M1 via higher-order sensory thalamus, including the medial subdivision of posterior nucleus (POm) (Deschênes et al., 1998; Ohno et al., 2012) and ventrolateral thalamus (VL) (Strick and Sterling, 1974; Asanuma et al., 19 ...
Analysis of Firing Correlations Between Sympathetic Premotor
... cases, the discrimination process was repeated off-line from tape recordings. Great care was taken first to eliminate the effects of electrical or mechanical artifacts, which occasionally interfered with both channels. To achieve this, close monitoring of spike discrimination was required throughout ...
... cases, the discrimination process was repeated off-line from tape recordings. Great care was taken first to eliminate the effects of electrical or mechanical artifacts, which occasionally interfered with both channels. To achieve this, close monitoring of spike discrimination was required throughout ...
Neural Modeling and Computational Neuroscience
... connectivity among cortical columns structures feed-forward connections: signal pathways to higher stages of computation recurrent connections: ...
... connectivity among cortical columns structures feed-forward connections: signal pathways to higher stages of computation recurrent connections: ...
What Is Sound? How Brains Make Hearing Sensations Abstract
... To find distance, two receptor outputs go to two different neurons, which both send to difference-finding neuron, to make an opponent system. Opposite-ear output goes to trapezoid-body medial nucleus, beside pons lateral superior olive, which inhibits same-ear lateral-superior-olive output. Intensit ...
... To find distance, two receptor outputs go to two different neurons, which both send to difference-finding neuron, to make an opponent system. Opposite-ear output goes to trapezoid-body medial nucleus, beside pons lateral superior olive, which inhibits same-ear lateral-superior-olive output. Intensit ...
- Wiley Online Library
... haplorhine primates, but not in rats or cats.41 Thus, primate encephalization apparently forged a direct ascending pathway for high-resolution homeostatic afferent information to reach the insular cortex, and this advance must have enabled a large increase in behavioral homeostatic efficiency. Notab ...
... haplorhine primates, but not in rats or cats.41 Thus, primate encephalization apparently forged a direct ascending pathway for high-resolution homeostatic afferent information to reach the insular cortex, and this advance must have enabled a large increase in behavioral homeostatic efficiency. Notab ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier
... FIGURE 19.16 Synapse elimination in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. (A) In the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus, receptive fields of geniculate neurons are larger and much more diffuse at one month of age than those receptive fields observed in adult neurons. Red regions represent ...
... FIGURE 19.16 Synapse elimination in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. (A) In the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus, receptive fields of geniculate neurons are larger and much more diffuse at one month of age than those receptive fields observed in adult neurons. Red regions represent ...
Vdhjections InducedInto the Auditory Pathway of Ferrets. I
... that in lesioned animals, the auditory thalamus (specifically, the medial geniculate nucleus, or MGN) transmits visual rather than auditory information to primary auditory cortex (AI) (Sur et al., '88). As aresult, single cells in AI respond to visual stimulation. We have also demonstrated that a re ...
... that in lesioned animals, the auditory thalamus (specifically, the medial geniculate nucleus, or MGN) transmits visual rather than auditory information to primary auditory cortex (AI) (Sur et al., '88). As aresult, single cells in AI respond to visual stimulation. We have also demonstrated that a re ...
damage to oligodendrocytes and axons following endothelin 1
... 2.1. CELLS OF THE BRAIN The brain, like all other organs, is made up of vast numbers of cells. Unlike some organs, however, the brain contains a wide variety of cell types. In the middle of the nineteenth century the German anatomist Rudolf Virchow recognized that cells in the brain could be divided ...
... 2.1. CELLS OF THE BRAIN The brain, like all other organs, is made up of vast numbers of cells. Unlike some organs, however, the brain contains a wide variety of cell types. In the middle of the nineteenth century the German anatomist Rudolf Virchow recognized that cells in the brain could be divided ...
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory
... receptor neurons4. Projection neurons then convey this information to higher-order processing centers4: the mushroom bodies and the lateral horn. By contrast, aversive reinforcement signals that occur in response to electric shock are relayed to the mushroom bodies through dopaminergic neurons5–7. T ...
... receptor neurons4. Projection neurons then convey this information to higher-order processing centers4: the mushroom bodies and the lateral horn. By contrast, aversive reinforcement signals that occur in response to electric shock are relayed to the mushroom bodies through dopaminergic neurons5–7. T ...
... The time of postinspiratory activity was measured from the peak to the end of any detectable diaphragmatic electromyographic activity (representing phrenic nerve after discharge). During preapnoeic breaths the postinspiratory time lasts for about 65% of the total expiratory time. This was found by o ...
Intention, Action Planning, and Decision Making in Parietal
... review, we will refer to the hand and eye preference for movement planning as effector specificity, and this term is meant to indicate relative, not absolute, specificity. For example, an area may be active for planning a reach or a saccade, but if it is significantly more active for one plan over t ...
... review, we will refer to the hand and eye preference for movement planning as effector specificity, and this term is meant to indicate relative, not absolute, specificity. For example, an area may be active for planning a reach or a saccade, but if it is significantly more active for one plan over t ...
Ch 11 lec 1
... Classical and conditional knockouts (KO). Classical KOs - the function of the gene is abolished from a very early stage of development. Conditional KOs - there is either a temporal restriction (gene function is abolished at certain premeditated time windows) or a regional restriction (no gene fu ...
... Classical and conditional knockouts (KO). Classical KOs - the function of the gene is abolished from a very early stage of development. Conditional KOs - there is either a temporal restriction (gene function is abolished at certain premeditated time windows) or a regional restriction (no gene fu ...
Microinfusion of bupropion inhibits putative GABAergic ventral
... 1. Introduction: The ventral tegmental area (VTA) comprises of dopaminergic (DA) and non-dopaminergic (nonDA) neurons. The abundant non-dopaminergic neurons are gamma-aminobutyric acid releasing or putative GABAergic neurons. The VTA plays a significant role in reward, addiction, psychiatric disord ...
... 1. Introduction: The ventral tegmental area (VTA) comprises of dopaminergic (DA) and non-dopaminergic (nonDA) neurons. The abundant non-dopaminergic neurons are gamma-aminobutyric acid releasing or putative GABAergic neurons. The VTA plays a significant role in reward, addiction, psychiatric disord ...
Cre-Mediated Recombination in Rhombic Lip Derivatives
... cule Wnt-1 (McMahon and Bradley, 1990; Thomas and Capecchi, 1990), the transcription factor EN-1 (Wurst et al., 1994), or compound mutations of the transcription factors Pax2 and Pax5 (Urbanek et al., 1997) completely lack the midbrain and the cerebellum. Other transcription factors such as MATH-1 a ...
... cule Wnt-1 (McMahon and Bradley, 1990; Thomas and Capecchi, 1990), the transcription factor EN-1 (Wurst et al., 1994), or compound mutations of the transcription factors Pax2 and Pax5 (Urbanek et al., 1997) completely lack the midbrain and the cerebellum. Other transcription factors such as MATH-1 a ...
Neurological Principles and Rehabilitation of Action Disorders
... of internal models. Internal models must undergo experiencedependent change or learn to accommodate changes associated with alterations that accompany development, senescence, and injury. This ability to adjust, even in the adult brain, is exemplified by amputees who relearn to walk with a prostheti ...
... of internal models. Internal models must undergo experiencedependent change or learn to accommodate changes associated with alterations that accompany development, senescence, and injury. This ability to adjust, even in the adult brain, is exemplified by amputees who relearn to walk with a prostheti ...
Circuits of emotion in the primate brain
... The brain-body state triggered by a threatening facial expression, a common event in the daily life of a macaque, exemplifies the phenomena ascribed to emotion. When a mid-ranking male monkey is confronted with a threat, the covert autonomic and overt behavioral responses that are triggered by obser ...
... The brain-body state triggered by a threatening facial expression, a common event in the daily life of a macaque, exemplifies the phenomena ascribed to emotion. When a mid-ranking male monkey is confronted with a threat, the covert autonomic and overt behavioral responses that are triggered by obser ...
Compound Action Potential, CAP
... stimulus strength that just gives a response is termed a threshold stimulus; any stimulus of greater strength is suprathreshold. The strength that just gives the maximal response is a maximal stimulus; any strength greater is supramaximal. The response of the nerve is called the compound action pote ...
... stimulus strength that just gives a response is termed a threshold stimulus; any stimulus of greater strength is suprathreshold. The strength that just gives the maximal response is a maximal stimulus; any strength greater is supramaximal. The response of the nerve is called the compound action pote ...
Selectivity and Tolerance - Penn Arts and Sciences
... creases in selectivity is suggested by tuning for stimuli more complex than simple line segments in V2, V4, and posterior IT (Gallant et al., 1993; Pasupathy and Connor, 1999; Brincat and Connor, 2004; Anzai et al., 2007), as well as IT neurons that appear to be highly selective for complex objects ...
... creases in selectivity is suggested by tuning for stimuli more complex than simple line segments in V2, V4, and posterior IT (Gallant et al., 1993; Pasupathy and Connor, 1999; Brincat and Connor, 2004; Anzai et al., 2007), as well as IT neurons that appear to be highly selective for complex objects ...
Visual Response Properties in the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate
... Do the functional properties of individual neurons depend on the way in which they are organized within a neural structure? One might expect so, if functional properties are shaped in any way by patterned connections between neurons. In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), most single-cell ...
... Do the functional properties of individual neurons depend on the way in which they are organized within a neural structure? One might expect so, if functional properties are shaped in any way by patterned connections between neurons. In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), most single-cell ...
Branched thalamic afferents - the Sherman Lab
... a variety of different precise meanings attached to the terms. There have been many studies of efference copies1 in a number of different systems, often with a particular focus on visual or limb movements or cerebellar pathways (e.g. Kandel et al., 1991; Bridgeman, 2007; Miall and Wolpert, 1996; Per ...
... a variety of different precise meanings attached to the terms. There have been many studies of efference copies1 in a number of different systems, often with a particular focus on visual or limb movements or cerebellar pathways (e.g. Kandel et al., 1991; Bridgeman, 2007; Miall and Wolpert, 1996; Per ...