An Introduction to Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System
... 15-5 Somatic Motor Pathways • The Corticospinal Pathway • Sometimes called the pyramidal system • Provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles • System begins at pyramidal cells of primary motor cortex • Axons of these upper motor neurons descend into brain stem and spinal cord to synapse on low ...
... 15-5 Somatic Motor Pathways • The Corticospinal Pathway • Sometimes called the pyramidal system • Provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles • System begins at pyramidal cells of primary motor cortex • Axons of these upper motor neurons descend into brain stem and spinal cord to synapse on low ...
Dynamic computation in a recurrent network of heterogeneous
... that the interactions between spatio-temporal input patterns (e.g., visual scenes) and these pinned clusters can process information. For example, it has been shown that oriented stimuli are able to shift the clusters away from their preferred locations to produce orientation selective responses who ...
... that the interactions between spatio-temporal input patterns (e.g., visual scenes) and these pinned clusters can process information. For example, it has been shown that oriented stimuli are able to shift the clusters away from their preferred locations to produce orientation selective responses who ...
Basal Ganglia: Internal Organization
... innervate the ipsilateral striatum but also the contralateral striatum. The corticosubthalamic projection is derived from more restricted regions of the cortex (see below). The corticostriatal and thalamostriatal projections are highly topographically organized and impart functionality onto the stri ...
... innervate the ipsilateral striatum but also the contralateral striatum. The corticosubthalamic projection is derived from more restricted regions of the cortex (see below). The corticostriatal and thalamostriatal projections are highly topographically organized and impart functionality onto the stri ...
The Temporal Profile of 72-kDa Heat
... However, cell excitation and excitatory amino acids may not be the complete explanation for selective vulnerability (Auer et al., 1988). For example, there is little change in extracellular glutamate during prolonged epileptic seizures (Lehmann et al., 1985), and during hypoglycemia, aspartate incre ...
... However, cell excitation and excitatory amino acids may not be the complete explanation for selective vulnerability (Auer et al., 1988). For example, there is little change in extracellular glutamate during prolonged epileptic seizures (Lehmann et al., 1985), and during hypoglycemia, aspartate incre ...
PDF
... auditory nerve (Fig. 2A). There is clearly dichotomy in the diameters of the axons 100 pm from the cell body: axons of type I neurons are thicker than 1pm in diameter, whereas axons of type I1 neurons are thinner than 1 pm. Thus the central axon diameter can be used as the key variable of separation ...
... auditory nerve (Fig. 2A). There is clearly dichotomy in the diameters of the axons 100 pm from the cell body: axons of type I neurons are thicker than 1pm in diameter, whereas axons of type I1 neurons are thinner than 1 pm. Thus the central axon diameter can be used as the key variable of separation ...
C ontribution of the anterior cingulate cortex to laser
... rats did not show significant nocifensive behavioral responses to the CS before it was paired with the US. Characteristic nocifensive behavior, such as licking, escaping etc., could be induced by the US. Subsequent to several CS and US pairings, rats began to respond to the CS within the first 0.5 s ...
... rats did not show significant nocifensive behavioral responses to the CS before it was paired with the US. Characteristic nocifensive behavior, such as licking, escaping etc., could be induced by the US. Subsequent to several CS and US pairings, rats began to respond to the CS within the first 0.5 s ...
Neurons - Images
... • Unipolar neurons have a single process extending from their cell body; a short distance from the cell body this process divides into 2 branches. The cell bodies of these neurons aggregate in groups called ganglia which are located outside the CNS; both branches really function as 1 axon the pe ...
... • Unipolar neurons have a single process extending from their cell body; a short distance from the cell body this process divides into 2 branches. The cell bodies of these neurons aggregate in groups called ganglia which are located outside the CNS; both branches really function as 1 axon the pe ...
Neurogenesis from Neural Stem Cells, Ependymal Cells and
... supply. Currently no therapies are available to treat stroke-related disability. It has been shown that stroke leads to increased neurogenesis, birth of new neurons, within the brain. This increased neurogenesis is not sufficient to restore lost function. There is a need to develop therapies for neu ...
... supply. Currently no therapies are available to treat stroke-related disability. It has been shown that stroke leads to increased neurogenesis, birth of new neurons, within the brain. This increased neurogenesis is not sufficient to restore lost function. There is a need to develop therapies for neu ...
synaptic connections of morphologically identified and
... on the basis that (i) the horizontal extent of their axo nal arborization was three times or more than the extent of the dendritic arbori zation; (ii) some of thei r va ricose terminal segments surrounded the perikarya of other neurons. The large elongated perikarya of the first two basket cells wer ...
... on the basis that (i) the horizontal extent of their axo nal arborization was three times or more than the extent of the dendritic arbori zation; (ii) some of thei r va ricose terminal segments surrounded the perikarya of other neurons. The large elongated perikarya of the first two basket cells wer ...
Embodied Cognition and Mirror Neurons
... Although there are many flavors and varieties of embodied cognition theories, the vast majority of them agree on at least two claims (e.g., Barsalou 2008, Gallese & Lakoff 2005). First, they all converge on the claim that semantic knowledge is carried by sensorimotor representations: The neural syste ...
... Although there are many flavors and varieties of embodied cognition theories, the vast majority of them agree on at least two claims (e.g., Barsalou 2008, Gallese & Lakoff 2005). First, they all converge on the claim that semantic knowledge is carried by sensorimotor representations: The neural syste ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... was defined as bursty when the BI was $0.5 and the spike train contained “bursts” (a burst was defined as a period that contained three or more spikes and the number of spikes was significantly greater than in other periods in the spike train). “Regular” (tonic) neurons fired no bursts, had a BI ,0. ...
... was defined as bursty when the BI was $0.5 and the spike train contained “bursts” (a burst was defined as a period that contained three or more spikes and the number of spikes was significantly greater than in other periods in the spike train). “Regular” (tonic) neurons fired no bursts, had a BI ,0. ...
Abstracts - BCCN 2009
... It is my pleasure to welcome you to BCCN 2009 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Whether it is the first time you visit this annual meeting of the Bernstein Network for Computational Neuroscience, or whether you have already been to some of the previous meetings in Freiburg, Berlin, Göttingen and Munich ...
... It is my pleasure to welcome you to BCCN 2009 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Whether it is the first time you visit this annual meeting of the Bernstein Network for Computational Neuroscience, or whether you have already been to some of the previous meetings in Freiburg, Berlin, Göttingen and Munich ...
the manuscript as pdf
... initially developed as a more flexible and reversible alternative to traditional functional neurosurgical lesioning methods (Benabid et al., 1993). Patients with severe movement disorders are being successfully managed with DBS by placing the electrodes in selected subcortical structures including t ...
... initially developed as a more flexible and reversible alternative to traditional functional neurosurgical lesioning methods (Benabid et al., 1993). Patients with severe movement disorders are being successfully managed with DBS by placing the electrodes in selected subcortical structures including t ...
Spinal nerves
... • Direct transfer of stimulus from sensory neuron to motor neuron (sometimes with an interneuron in between) allows for rapid response to stimuli. • May be: – Inborn (intrinsic) • Example – maintain posture, control visceral activities • Can be modified by learning and conscious effort --Learned (ac ...
... • Direct transfer of stimulus from sensory neuron to motor neuron (sometimes with an interneuron in between) allows for rapid response to stimuli. • May be: – Inborn (intrinsic) • Example – maintain posture, control visceral activities • Can be modified by learning and conscious effort --Learned (ac ...
Central mechanisms of osmosensation and systemic osmoregulation
... solutions containing membrane-impermeable solutes, which extract water from cells, but not by infusions of solutes that readily equilibrate across the cell membrane (such as urea). Verney coined the term osmoreceptor to designate the specialized sensory elements. He further showed that these were pr ...
... solutions containing membrane-impermeable solutes, which extract water from cells, but not by infusions of solutes that readily equilibrate across the cell membrane (such as urea). Verney coined the term osmoreceptor to designate the specialized sensory elements. He further showed that these were pr ...
Implantable microcoils for intracortical magnetic
... Neural prostheses that can reliably and effectively activate the cortex have the potential to treat a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders (1–4). However, effective activation is difficult, given the large diversity of cell types within the cortex coupled with an inability to selecti ...
... Neural prostheses that can reliably and effectively activate the cortex have the potential to treat a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders (1–4). However, effective activation is difficult, given the large diversity of cell types within the cortex coupled with an inability to selecti ...
Adult Neural Stem Cells and Repair of the Adult
... traditionally regarded as an unfavorable environment for the regeneration of damaged axons of mature neurons and the generation of new neurons. In the adult central nervous system, however, newly generated neurons from adult neural stem cells in specific regions exhibit a striking ability to migrate ...
... traditionally regarded as an unfavorable environment for the regeneration of damaged axons of mature neurons and the generation of new neurons. In the adult central nervous system, however, newly generated neurons from adult neural stem cells in specific regions exhibit a striking ability to migrate ...
NEUROTRANSMITTERS II.
... (PROLACTIN-INHIBITING HORMONE) GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE SOMATOSTATIN (GROWTH HORMONE-INHIBITING HORMONE) ...
... (PROLACTIN-INHIBITING HORMONE) GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE SOMATOSTATIN (GROWTH HORMONE-INHIBITING HORMONE) ...
Sensorimotor cortical influences on cuneate nucleus
... It has recently been demonstrated that the existence of low-frequency rhythmic activity (mostly slow, <1 Hz, and δ, 1–4 Hz) in the cuneate nucleus is tightly coupled to the same oscillating patterns of VPL neurons.28 It was also shown that the cuneate neurons display tonic and bursting activity whi ...
... It has recently been demonstrated that the existence of low-frequency rhythmic activity (mostly slow, <1 Hz, and δ, 1–4 Hz) in the cuneate nucleus is tightly coupled to the same oscillating patterns of VPL neurons.28 It was also shown that the cuneate neurons display tonic and bursting activity whi ...
NNIntro
... “When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A’s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is ...
... “When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells such that A’s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is ...
Development of the rat thalamus: VI. The posterior lobule of the
... sequential radiograms from rats injected with 3H-thymidine on day E l 5 and killed on days E l 6 and E17, the migration of young LGD neurons was followed in a posterolateral direction to the formative lateral geniculate body. By day E17, the day when the optic tract fibers begin to disperse over the ...
... sequential radiograms from rats injected with 3H-thymidine on day E l 5 and killed on days E l 6 and E17, the migration of young LGD neurons was followed in a posterolateral direction to the formative lateral geniculate body. By day E17, the day when the optic tract fibers begin to disperse over the ...
56 Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia
... When the cerebellum is removed, these changes occur in ballistic movements: – Movements are slow to develop – The force is weak ...
... When the cerebellum is removed, these changes occur in ballistic movements: – Movements are slow to develop – The force is weak ...
1: Nervous System II: Anatomy Review
... The neuron conducting the impulse toward the synapse is called the __________________ neuron. The axon terminal contains ___________ ____________ filled with ______________________. An action potential in the axon terminal of the _____________ neuron causes the chemical transmitter, also known as a ...
... The neuron conducting the impulse toward the synapse is called the __________________ neuron. The axon terminal contains ___________ ____________ filled with ______________________. An action potential in the axon terminal of the _____________ neuron causes the chemical transmitter, also known as a ...
(addl. 3)
... algorithmic approaches are bio-inspired, but their biological basis is, for the most part, simplified from the more-detailed models used by neuroscientists. Autonomous vehicles and other robotic applications are likely targets for such brain-like systems. 3. For the most part, computers still use th ...
... algorithmic approaches are bio-inspired, but their biological basis is, for the most part, simplified from the more-detailed models used by neuroscientists. Autonomous vehicles and other robotic applications are likely targets for such brain-like systems. 3. For the most part, computers still use th ...