Time constants
... in what relative proportions. It turns out that each population of neurons has multiple types of receptor; in other words, most neurons have both NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors, as well as GABAA and GABAB receptors. Quantitative estimates of receptor distribution are usually studied through t ...
... in what relative proportions. It turns out that each population of neurons has multiple types of receptor; in other words, most neurons have both NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors, as well as GABAA and GABAB receptors. Quantitative estimates of receptor distribution are usually studied through t ...
Difficult Vomiting Disorders: Therapy. In: Proceedings of the
... or sympathectomy, but not by ablation of the area postrema. Many experimental data have been readily explained by this two-component model. Despite contemporary reexamination, there is still good agreement on the two general patterns of emesis, one humoral and one neural. Current therapy is largely ...
... or sympathectomy, but not by ablation of the area postrema. Many experimental data have been readily explained by this two-component model. Despite contemporary reexamination, there is still good agreement on the two general patterns of emesis, one humoral and one neural. Current therapy is largely ...
What is C. elegans? What are its navigational strategies?
... So dgk-3 is in the right neuron and has known ties to sensory signal transduction.. ...
... So dgk-3 is in the right neuron and has known ties to sensory signal transduction.. ...
bio520_JANSEN_r4 - Cal State LA
... Values normalized to 6 hours. n=3 +/- SD Also found that BDNF and NGF are secreted constitutively (not shown). BDNF secretion linked to PKC pathway. Critique: graph of actual values in table 1 may have provided more information (relative amounts of release). ...
... Values normalized to 6 hours. n=3 +/- SD Also found that BDNF and NGF are secreted constitutively (not shown). BDNF secretion linked to PKC pathway. Critique: graph of actual values in table 1 may have provided more information (relative amounts of release). ...
Future of Optogenetics: Potential Clinical Applications?
... Optogenetic in Depression Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder. Despite the long-term study, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown (Marsden, 2013). Common antidepressants affect serotonin and noradrenergic neurotransmission and achieve full remission in only 28%. Although they ...
... Optogenetic in Depression Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder. Despite the long-term study, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown (Marsden, 2013). Common antidepressants affect serotonin and noradrenergic neurotransmission and achieve full remission in only 28%. Although they ...
Marginal chimera state at cross-frequency locking of pulse
... symmetry between subpopulations 1 ↔ 2, while the symmetry inside each subpopulation is unbroken (all the units in one subpopulation are synchronous, all the units in the other subpopulation are asynchronous and have the same properties). The driving forces acting on two subpopulations are different ...
... symmetry between subpopulations 1 ↔ 2, while the symmetry inside each subpopulation is unbroken (all the units in one subpopulation are synchronous, all the units in the other subpopulation are asynchronous and have the same properties). The driving forces acting on two subpopulations are different ...
Challenges of understanding brain function by selective modulation
... refine experimental techniques by carefully considering the structural features of the neuronal networks involved. Such methods could dramatically increase the effectiveness of selective modulation and may lead to a mechanistic understanding of principles underlying brain function. Introduction Stru ...
... refine experimental techniques by carefully considering the structural features of the neuronal networks involved. Such methods could dramatically increase the effectiveness of selective modulation and may lead to a mechanistic understanding of principles underlying brain function. Introduction Stru ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... body is narrowly attenuated (7–10 μm in width). These have bipolar dendrites, extending 300–800 μm from the cell body. One or both of the dendrites is often closely associated with blood vessels and tends to be aligned dorso-ventral, perpendicular to the body of the callosum. Another subpopulation o ...
... body is narrowly attenuated (7–10 μm in width). These have bipolar dendrites, extending 300–800 μm from the cell body. One or both of the dendrites is often closely associated with blood vessels and tends to be aligned dorso-ventral, perpendicular to the body of the callosum. Another subpopulation o ...
Neural correlates of decision processes
... activity of the neurons, and the time at which they were initiated. The authors performed an analysis in which average responses were constructed from random samples of all of the trials from all of the neurons. The difference in the amount of neural activity that represented the target and the non- ...
... activity of the neurons, and the time at which they were initiated. The authors performed an analysis in which average responses were constructed from random samples of all of the trials from all of the neurons. The difference in the amount of neural activity that represented the target and the non- ...
Observational Learning Based on Models of - FORTH-ICS
... networks are densely connected to the AIPvisual region, so that when an object is viewed by the agent more than one cluster of neurons is activated. These compete during training (through their inhibitory connections), and the dominant cluster suppresses the activation of others. To ensure that dive ...
... networks are densely connected to the AIPvisual region, so that when an object is viewed by the agent more than one cluster of neurons is activated. These compete during training (through their inhibitory connections), and the dominant cluster suppresses the activation of others. To ensure that dive ...
Histological Rearrangement in the Facial Nerve and Central Nuclei
... segment of buccal branch was removed and a 10-mm plastic tube with one closed end was sutured to the proximal stump of the buccal branch, and HRP was injected into the tube. z After 72 h had been allowed for HRP retrograde transport, the animals were ...
... segment of buccal branch was removed and a 10-mm plastic tube with one closed end was sutured to the proximal stump of the buccal branch, and HRP was injected into the tube. z After 72 h had been allowed for HRP retrograde transport, the animals were ...
Monkey and humans exhibit similar motion
... During the initial motion adaptation phase (30 s duration), observers were presented with a random dot stimulus moving either 458 to the left or 458 to the right of vertical (upwards) at a constant speed of 2.58 s21. The adapter direction was the same for all subsequent top-up phases. Both adapter a ...
... During the initial motion adaptation phase (30 s duration), observers were presented with a random dot stimulus moving either 458 to the left or 458 to the right of vertical (upwards) at a constant speed of 2.58 s21. The adapter direction was the same for all subsequent top-up phases. Both adapter a ...
Neurophysiology – Action Potential, Nerve Impulse, and Synapses
... Neurotransmitters released by some knobs have an excitatory action, but those from other knobs have an inhibitory action.The effect on the postsynaptic neuron depends on which presynaptic knobs are activated from moment to moment. If more excitatory than inhibitory neurotransmitters are released, th ...
... Neurotransmitters released by some knobs have an excitatory action, but those from other knobs have an inhibitory action.The effect on the postsynaptic neuron depends on which presynaptic knobs are activated from moment to moment. If more excitatory than inhibitory neurotransmitters are released, th ...
Y.I. Molkov, Baroreflex models, Encyclopedia of Computational
... the respiratory neurons. Baekey et al. (2010) have demonstrated that transient pressure pulses perturb the respiratory pattern in a phase-dependent manner, and those perturbations strongly depend on the integrity of the pons. The stimuli were delivered during inspiration, post-inspiration, or late e ...
... the respiratory neurons. Baekey et al. (2010) have demonstrated that transient pressure pulses perturb the respiratory pattern in a phase-dependent manner, and those perturbations strongly depend on the integrity of the pons. The stimuli were delivered during inspiration, post-inspiration, or late e ...
At the root of embodied cognition: Cognitive science meets
... (p. 234). Rizzolati and colleagues investigated congruency between motor and visual specificity, finding a strong correspondence between the two modalities: a neuron that is active during whole-hand grasping is also active during observation of an appropriately sized object, but not with a larger or s ...
... (p. 234). Rizzolati and colleagues investigated congruency between motor and visual specificity, finding a strong correspondence between the two modalities: a neuron that is active during whole-hand grasping is also active during observation of an appropriately sized object, but not with a larger or s ...
Effects of Correlated Input on Development of Structure in an
... of the input increases, its impact on the activity of a neuron overtakes that of the neuron’s neighbours. This leads to an increase in the rate of change of membrane potential and neuritic field radius. If there is a steady state for a particular set of neuron parameters, the input can push the neur ...
... of the input increases, its impact on the activity of a neuron overtakes that of the neuron’s neighbours. This leads to an increase in the rate of change of membrane potential and neuritic field radius. If there is a steady state for a particular set of neuron parameters, the input can push the neur ...
Probing neural circuits in the zebrafish: a suite of optical techniques
... 1995 study of motoneurons in larval zebrafish, was the beginning of a series of technical developments that exploited the transparency and simplicity of the larval CNS. Presented here, in chronological fashion, is a suite of imaging techniques that have extended the ability to probe and optically dis ...
... 1995 study of motoneurons in larval zebrafish, was the beginning of a series of technical developments that exploited the transparency and simplicity of the larval CNS. Presented here, in chronological fashion, is a suite of imaging techniques that have extended the ability to probe and optically dis ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS
... others. Most large molecules and ions cannot cross the membrane. A few important ions cross through protein channels. b. During the resting potential, chloride channels (or gates) remain open along the membrane, which allows ions to pass through. Potassium channels are mostly closed, causing potassi ...
... others. Most large molecules and ions cannot cross the membrane. A few important ions cross through protein channels. b. During the resting potential, chloride channels (or gates) remain open along the membrane, which allows ions to pass through. Potassium channels are mostly closed, causing potassi ...
THE NEURON
... The messages carried by the nervous system are electrical signals called impulses. Nervous system impulses are transmitted by cells called neurons. ...
... The messages carried by the nervous system are electrical signals called impulses. Nervous system impulses are transmitted by cells called neurons. ...
Ch19 Lecture
... Denis Paré and his colleagues identified clusters of intercalated cells (ITCs) located between the basolateral complex and the central amygdala. These neurons receive CS information from the basolateral amygdala and project to the central amygdala. When activated, these cells release the inhibitory ...
... Denis Paré and his colleagues identified clusters of intercalated cells (ITCs) located between the basolateral complex and the central amygdala. These neurons receive CS information from the basolateral amygdala and project to the central amygdala. When activated, these cells release the inhibitory ...
Lentivirus-based genetic manipulations of cortical neurons and their
... become an invaluable approach to the study of gene functions in systems biology. In mammalian neurobiology, the typical approach is the generation of transgenic mice or of mice with a targeted gene disruption (knockout), sometimes in combination with means to developmentally and兾or regionally regula ...
... become an invaluable approach to the study of gene functions in systems biology. In mammalian neurobiology, the typical approach is the generation of transgenic mice or of mice with a targeted gene disruption (knockout), sometimes in combination with means to developmentally and兾or regionally regula ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.