Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... doi: 10.1002/phy2.80 Physiol Rep, 1 (4), 2013, e00080, doi: 10.1002/phy2.80 ...
... doi: 10.1002/phy2.80 Physiol Rep, 1 (4), 2013, e00080, doi: 10.1002/phy2.80 ...
189084_189084 - espace@Curtin
... The three main dopamine cell groups of the brain are located in the substantia nigra (A9), ventral tegmental area (A10), and retrorubral field (A8). Several subdivisions of these cell groups have been identified in rats and humans but have not been well described in mice, despite the increasing use ...
... The three main dopamine cell groups of the brain are located in the substantia nigra (A9), ventral tegmental area (A10), and retrorubral field (A8). Several subdivisions of these cell groups have been identified in rats and humans but have not been well described in mice, despite the increasing use ...
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
A Simple Biophysically Plausible Model for Long Time
... be implemented. Although it is possible that these properties could result from recurrent network connections (see Brody et al., 2003; Major and Tank, 2004, for reviews), we focus here on the possibility that intrinsic currents could be used to implement these two properties. ...
... be implemented. Although it is possible that these properties could result from recurrent network connections (see Brody et al., 2003; Major and Tank, 2004, for reviews), we focus here on the possibility that intrinsic currents could be used to implement these two properties. ...
Dexamethasone Rapidly Increases GABA Release in the Dorsal
... glucocorticoid receptor has also been shown in hippocampal cell cultures [19], and glucocorticoid receptors associated with neuronal membranes have been identified anatomically in the rat lateral amygdala [20]. Endocannabinoids released by glucocorticoid receptor activation or other means tend to re ...
... glucocorticoid receptor has also been shown in hippocampal cell cultures [19], and glucocorticoid receptors associated with neuronal membranes have been identified anatomically in the rat lateral amygdala [20]. Endocannabinoids released by glucocorticoid receptor activation or other means tend to re ...
Intersegmental synchronization of spontaneous activity of dorsal
... discharges showed the highest incidence of overlapping receptive fields. However, in these studies, very little information was presented on mechanisms and/or pathways contributing to the intersegmental synchronization of the spontaneous activity of these neurons. One question that emerged from the ...
... discharges showed the highest incidence of overlapping receptive fields. However, in these studies, very little information was presented on mechanisms and/or pathways contributing to the intersegmental synchronization of the spontaneous activity of these neurons. One question that emerged from the ...
Simulations of neuromuscular control in lamprey swimming
... The motor neurons are active in bursts, alternating between the two sides of the cord. It is known that the motor neurons do not participate in the actual rhythm generation but merely function as output devices (Wallën & Lansner 1984). The E- and C-neurons are the primary rhythm generating neurons, ...
... The motor neurons are active in bursts, alternating between the two sides of the cord. It is known that the motor neurons do not participate in the actual rhythm generation but merely function as output devices (Wallën & Lansner 1984). The E- and C-neurons are the primary rhythm generating neurons, ...
Assisted morphogenesis: glial control of dendrite
... documented [1]. This diversity is in no small part a result of each dendrite’s unique task: to gather information from specific synaptic partners or from the environment, and to transmit this information to the axon. In mammals, dendritic arbors can be highly branched, and individual dendrite branch ...
... documented [1]. This diversity is in no small part a result of each dendrite’s unique task: to gather information from specific synaptic partners or from the environment, and to transmit this information to the axon. In mammals, dendritic arbors can be highly branched, and individual dendrite branch ...
Print this article - University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life
... to generate adverse effects such as dyskinesias and motor fluctuations in a vast majority of responding patients [9]. The most prominent hyperkinetic features of dyskinesia are exhibited usually as a mixture of choreiform and dystonic movements. In addition, involuntary writhing movements along the ...
... to generate adverse effects such as dyskinesias and motor fluctuations in a vast majority of responding patients [9]. The most prominent hyperkinetic features of dyskinesia are exhibited usually as a mixture of choreiform and dystonic movements. In addition, involuntary writhing movements along the ...
Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Monkey Putamen Associated
... 0022-3077/10 Copyright © 2010 The American Physiological Society ...
... 0022-3077/10 Copyright © 2010 The American Physiological Society ...
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in
... 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA The brainstem network for generating and modulating the respiratory motor pattern includes neurons of the medullary ventrolateral respiratory column (VRC), dorsolateral pons (PRG) and raphé nuclei. Midline raphé neurons are proposed to be e ...
... 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA The brainstem network for generating and modulating the respiratory motor pattern includes neurons of the medullary ventrolateral respiratory column (VRC), dorsolateral pons (PRG) and raphé nuclei. Midline raphé neurons are proposed to be e ...
Temporal Profiles of Axon Terminals, Synapses and Spines in the
... around 4 days and that their thickness increased, in association with the recovery to normal of the number and percent volume of spines, at 12 weeks after the insult. From 1 to 12 weeks after the ischemic insult, we found that the synaptic number increased gradually in association with an increase i ...
... around 4 days and that their thickness increased, in association with the recovery to normal of the number and percent volume of spines, at 12 weeks after the insult. From 1 to 12 weeks after the ischemic insult, we found that the synaptic number increased gradually in association with an increase i ...
Integrative neurobiology of energy homeostasis
... shown that lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus lead to hyperphagia and obesity, while lesions of the lateral hypothalamus caused reduced food intake and leanness [5,75]. Later research in the field particularly focused on the mediobasal hypothalamus, and more specifically the arcuate nucleus (ARC ...
... shown that lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus lead to hyperphagia and obesity, while lesions of the lateral hypothalamus caused reduced food intake and leanness [5,75]. Later research in the field particularly focused on the mediobasal hypothalamus, and more specifically the arcuate nucleus (ARC ...
USING SIMPLE ANIMATIONS IN PHYSIOLOGY TEACHING
... would only exhort them to ‘‘reason it out’’ or ‘‘visualize it,’’ reassuring them that it wasn’t difficult. It was, however, difficult to most of them, as I knew when in the tests, most of them would fall back upon an older model of ventilatory control (5), something that I had not taught but that th ...
... would only exhort them to ‘‘reason it out’’ or ‘‘visualize it,’’ reassuring them that it wasn’t difficult. It was, however, difficult to most of them, as I knew when in the tests, most of them would fall back upon an older model of ventilatory control (5), something that I had not taught but that th ...
Encoding of Movement Fragments in the Motor Cortex
... Figure 1. Evidence for trajectory encoding in the motor cortex. A, Temporal evolution of preferred directions (in 50 ms bins) for four MI neurons relative to movement onset computed in an instructed-delay center-out task to one of eight targets. B, Left, Example of a single successful behavioral tri ...
... Figure 1. Evidence for trajectory encoding in the motor cortex. A, Temporal evolution of preferred directions (in 50 ms bins) for four MI neurons relative to movement onset computed in an instructed-delay center-out task to one of eight targets. B, Left, Example of a single successful behavioral tri ...
AMPA Receptor Calcium Permeability, GluR2
... Toxicit y e xperiments. Motoneuron-enriched cultures and dorsal horn cultures were exposed to excitotoxins for 24 hr at 37°C in a 6% C O2 incubator, using an exposure medium of L15 supplemented with glucose (3.6 mg /ml) and sodium bicarbonate (0.15%, w/ v). The NMDA receptor antagonist M K-801 (10 m ...
... Toxicit y e xperiments. Motoneuron-enriched cultures and dorsal horn cultures were exposed to excitotoxins for 24 hr at 37°C in a 6% C O2 incubator, using an exposure medium of L15 supplemented with glucose (3.6 mg /ml) and sodium bicarbonate (0.15%, w/ v). The NMDA receptor antagonist M K-801 (10 m ...
Turtle Dorsal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons Comprise Two Distinct Cell
... specific clusters is dynamically corrected across iterations. The process is repeated different random initial positions of the k-cluster centroids. In k-means clustering, the number of k clusters must be predetermined and, in this study, was chosen to equal the number of clusters inferred from the ...
... specific clusters is dynamically corrected across iterations. The process is repeated different random initial positions of the k-cluster centroids. In k-means clustering, the number of k clusters must be predetermined and, in this study, was chosen to equal the number of clusters inferred from the ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.