doc Nerve and synapses
... -Glutamate synapses have both ionotropic receptors (AMPA and NMDA receptors) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR’s) -Glutamate makes mGluR change shape. That leads to a biochemical event inside of the cell which generates the formation of small soluble molecules (2nd messenger). -2nd messeng ...
... -Glutamate synapses have both ionotropic receptors (AMPA and NMDA receptors) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR’s) -Glutamate makes mGluR change shape. That leads to a biochemical event inside of the cell which generates the formation of small soluble molecules (2nd messenger). -2nd messeng ...
PPT and questions for class today.
... the right in a stadium even though the people only move up and down, a wave moves down an axon although it is only made up of ion exchanges moving in and out. ...
... the right in a stadium even though the people only move up and down, a wave moves down an axon although it is only made up of ion exchanges moving in and out. ...
17-01-05 1 Golgi - stained neurons Neuronal function
... main metabolic centre of neuron main (but not only) site of protein synthesis lots of mitochondria lots of endoplasmic reticulum size in vertebrates: small: 8 µm e.g. granule cells in cerebellum large: 50 µm layer V motor cortical neurons largest: 200 µm Mauthner cell in fish brainstem size in inver ...
... main metabolic centre of neuron main (but not only) site of protein synthesis lots of mitochondria lots of endoplasmic reticulum size in vertebrates: small: 8 µm e.g. granule cells in cerebellum large: 50 µm layer V motor cortical neurons largest: 200 µm Mauthner cell in fish brainstem size in inver ...
CH 3 Practice Test
... Johnny was awakened by a loud, crashing sound in the middle of the night. He was frightened and he jumped out of bed to investigate. Johnny realized that the loud sound was just his cat playing around in the living room. Needless to say, Johnny was extremely relieved. Which subdivision of the nervou ...
... Johnny was awakened by a loud, crashing sound in the middle of the night. He was frightened and he jumped out of bed to investigate. Johnny realized that the loud sound was just his cat playing around in the living room. Needless to say, Johnny was extremely relieved. Which subdivision of the nervou ...
Nervous System Poster
... 3. Schwann cells, which form the myelin sheath, are separated by gaps of unsheathed axon (nodes of Ranvier) over which the impulse travels as the signal propagates along the neuron. B. Action potentials propagate impulses along neurons. 1. Membranes of neurons are polarized by the establishment of e ...
... 3. Schwann cells, which form the myelin sheath, are separated by gaps of unsheathed axon (nodes of Ranvier) over which the impulse travels as the signal propagates along the neuron. B. Action potentials propagate impulses along neurons. 1. Membranes of neurons are polarized by the establishment of e ...
Biology 13A
... a. their cell bodies are located between spinal segments T1 and L2 b. their cell bodies are situated in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord c. their axons synapse with the peripheral effector organs d. their axons emerge along the ventral roots of the spinal cord between segments T1 and L2 e. ...
... a. their cell bodies are located between spinal segments T1 and L2 b. their cell bodies are situated in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord c. their axons synapse with the peripheral effector organs d. their axons emerge along the ventral roots of the spinal cord between segments T1 and L2 e. ...
Where does breathing start?
... one could say that the prime mover for breathing is the brain. But where does the stimulus for the reflex come from? It comes from the respiratory centres called medulla oblongata and the pons which are located in the lower brainstem. The medulla oblongata contains the Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG ...
... one could say that the prime mover for breathing is the brain. But where does the stimulus for the reflex come from? It comes from the respiratory centres called medulla oblongata and the pons which are located in the lower brainstem. The medulla oblongata contains the Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG ...
Neurotox I
... e.g., MPP+ (toxic metabolite of MPTP) does not cross the BBB e.g., elemental mercury forms complex with cysteine and is recognized by ...
... e.g., MPP+ (toxic metabolite of MPTP) does not cross the BBB e.g., elemental mercury forms complex with cysteine and is recognized by ...
General_Psychology_files/Chapter Two Part One2014 - K-Dub
... Like a gun, it either fires or it doesn’t; more stimulation does nothing. This is known as the “all-ornone” response. ...
... Like a gun, it either fires or it doesn’t; more stimulation does nothing. This is known as the “all-ornone” response. ...
Chapter Two Part One PPT - K-Dub
... Like a gun, it either fires or it doesn’t; more stimulation does nothing. This is known as the “all-ornone” response. ...
... Like a gun, it either fires or it doesn’t; more stimulation does nothing. This is known as the “all-ornone” response. ...
Bio 17 – Nervous & Endocrine Systems
... low levels; important for sleep and low levels assoc with depression Runner’s High = DECREASED GABA ...
... low levels; important for sleep and low levels assoc with depression Runner’s High = DECREASED GABA ...
Neuron
... The All-or None Response • The idea that either the neuron fires or it does not- no part way firing. • Like a gun ...
... The All-or None Response • The idea that either the neuron fires or it does not- no part way firing. • Like a gun ...
Autonomic nervous system
... • Receptors for _______________ come in 2 forms: __________ = excitatory (Na+ channels) __________ = excitatory/inhibitory (G proteins) • ______________________ comes from neurons and/or adrenal medulla • Effects… near sympathetic usually excitatory otherwise variable responses (see table 16.3) ...
... • Receptors for _______________ come in 2 forms: __________ = excitatory (Na+ channels) __________ = excitatory/inhibitory (G proteins) • ______________________ comes from neurons and/or adrenal medulla • Effects… near sympathetic usually excitatory otherwise variable responses (see table 16.3) ...
Slide 1
... • Receptors for _______________ come in 2 forms: __________ = excitatory (Na+ channels) __________ = excitatory/inhibitory (G proteins) • ______________________ comes from neurons and/or adrenal medulla • Effects… near sympathetic usually excitatory otherwise variable responses (see table 16.3) ...
... • Receptors for _______________ come in 2 forms: __________ = excitatory (Na+ channels) __________ = excitatory/inhibitory (G proteins) • ______________________ comes from neurons and/or adrenal medulla • Effects… near sympathetic usually excitatory otherwise variable responses (see table 16.3) ...
What structures comprise the sympathetic division?
... • Receptors for _______________ come in 2 forms: __________ = excitatory (Na+ channels) __________ = excitatory/inhibitory (G proteins) • ______________________ comes from neurons and/or adrenal medulla • Effects… near sympathetic usually excitatory otherwise variable responses (see table 16.3) ...
... • Receptors for _______________ come in 2 forms: __________ = excitatory (Na+ channels) __________ = excitatory/inhibitory (G proteins) • ______________________ comes from neurons and/or adrenal medulla • Effects… near sympathetic usually excitatory otherwise variable responses (see table 16.3) ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.