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A Study of the Microstructure of Monolingual Urdu Dictionaries
A Study of the Microstructure of Monolingual Urdu Dictionaries

... not to provide lexical relations. The figures in Table 2-b and the discussion indicate that these Urdu dictionaries mostly include synonyms as meanings, even though it creates ambiguities. This may be the reason these dictionaries avoid giving importance to synonymy as an additional element. The NOD ...
Title SENTENCE STRESS AND PROSE RHYTHM Author(s)
Title SENTENCE STRESS AND PROSE RHYTHM Author(s)

... He ran as fast as he could. Look at the dog he found there. One will find, however, that put, book and desk in the first sentence, and ran, fast and could in the second, and Look, dog and found in the third, are all stressed when one listens to an Englishman or an American reading or saying them. He ...
Jr. AG: Mechanics sample unit
Jr. AG: Mechanics sample unit

... I like peanut butter and jelly and mom and dad enjoy bacon lettuce and tomato. Did it take you a try or two to figure out that sentence? Now try it with commas: I like peanut butter and jelly, and mom and dad enjoy bacon, lettuce, and tomato. Ahhh ... it's SO much easier to read! There are rules tha ...
Language Activities for Students Level 4.0-5.9 - Literacy Mid
Language Activities for Students Level 4.0-5.9 - Literacy Mid

... Ask: Is there a better way to say who owns each of these items? and get the class to offer the possessive form, i.e., Marissa’s pen. 3. Write the possessive form on the board next to the original sentence. 4. Describe the origin of the apostrophe as a replacement for the word “of.” 5. With the class ...
Negation in Germanic Languages
Negation in Germanic Languages

... Moreover, in chapter 115 on WALS, Haspelmath (1997) distinguishes between three different types of constructions regarding negative indefinite pronouns. The following examples from chapter 115 (Haspelmath 1997) on WALS show how the negator (of predicate negation) obligatorily co-occurs with indefini ...
12:00 pm Fall 2004
12:00 pm Fall 2004

... animal (if x is a dog then x is an animal) or, adding logical constants, bachelor  man and never married [if x is a bachelor then x is a man and not(x has married)] or tall  not short [if x is tall then not(x is short)]. The meaning of a word was given, roughly, by the set of all meaning postulate ...
ANALYZING AND UTILIZING RECEPTOR LANGUAGE
ANALYZING AND UTILIZING RECEPTOR LANGUAGE

... In proverbs, it may be possible for inanimate objects and animals to speak. This can be seen in the Oromo proverb “ ‘As you pick me, do you have water prepared?’ asked the (bitter) ogondin fruit?” Of course, it is possible, even likely, that a good proverb will contain more than one of these element ...
as a PDF
as a PDF

... and Heinecke, Kunze, Menzel, and Schröder (1998) of graded constraints. Although some differences exist among these versions of the technique, the underlying principles are the same: normally, partial structures can combine only if some constraints or conditions are met such as subject-verb agreemen ...
Guide to Specification Writing
Guide to Specification Writing

... learn and remember. Specification writing doesn't work that way; it's a hard subject to teach because it draws on so many diverse topics--project management, engineering practice, law, civics, grammar, word usage, and even philosophy. Hence, the subject matter does not integrate well into an easily ...
Document
Document

... tasks: a) the investigation of the inventory of special language media which by their ontological features secure the desirable effect of the utterance and b) certain types of texts (discourse) which due to the choice and arrangement of language means are distinguished by the pragmatic aspect of the ...
Themes In Literature - LIFE School: LDS Based Home Education
Themes In Literature - LIFE School: LDS Based Home Education

... Through questions on the same page. Read Character on page 30. Pretend you are writing a fictional story, with yourself as the main character. In the opening paragraph, describe yourself. Use as much detail as possible. What physical attributes are unique to you; eye color, scars, expression, walk, ...
Grammatical Morphemes and Conceptual Structure  in  Discourse Processing DANIEL
Grammatical Morphemes and Conceptual Structure in Discourse Processing DANIEL

... around syntax and stresses the role of grammatical morphemes for signalling this structure (Chomsky, 1965). Within this framework, sentence meaning is primarily construed as information about objects and actions conveyed by nouns and verbs and the plausability of the relations between the objects an ...
CONTENTS
CONTENTS

... with the help of the new generation. I also consider myself as one of the members of this innovative people. I dare to say, foreign languages, especially English is a good source to take the advantage. So, in this very course paper I tried to make a good course paper on the theme “Elliptical sentenc ...
a corpus-based description GLEDHILL
a corpus-based description GLEDHILL

... communication and shared knowledge of cultural artefacts and folklore. But Esperanto is unique in that the motivations for learning Esperanto are entirely different to those of other languages. There is an Esperanto culture, although it is largely abstract and literary. Esperanto culture involves kn ...
http://www.bktit.org BKTIT `s What ? - Tài Nguyên Số
http://www.bktit.org BKTIT `s What ? - Tài Nguyên Số

... This is a fast-track reference book. It is not a dictionary although, like a dictionary, it is arranged alphabetically. It concentrates on problem areas; it anticipates difficulties; it invites cross-references. By exploring punctuation, for example, and paragraphing, it goes far beyond a dictionary’s ...
UM_Sintaksis_(teorgrammatika)_022600_st
UM_Sintaksis_(teorgrammatika)_022600_st

... The surveys contain the information on five syntactic topics: the phrase, the sentence, the IC analysis, text linguistics and pragmatics. Exercises, assignments and tests are given in the surveys to help the students in mastering the material. Each topic is followed by a list of reference books for ...
9. Morphological Typology
9. Morphological Typology

... little as English or even Vietnamese (1.5 morphemes per word and barely above 1.0 respectively), such languages equally recognise a distinction between words and morphemes. Turkish, Latin, and English all have two distinct levels of constructions, morphological and syntactic, with morphemes and word ...
code/API
code/API

... reads the dictionary in and parses through it, removing unimportant information and separating the key information about the word's characteristics, from the actual definitions. After reading in and generating the dictionary, the program gets an input sentence and begins to tag the words in it for t ...
Adverbs
Adverbs

... Quite, really, not, definitely – these are all adverbs because they describe the adjective pretty. ...
The Elements of Style - Academic Server| Cleveland State University
The Elements of Style - Academic Server| Cleveland State University

... entries, and enliven the argument. Professor Strunk was a positive man. His book contains rules of grammar phrased as direct orders. In the main I have not tried to soften his commands, or modify his pronouncements, or remove the special objects of his scorn. I have tried, instead, to preserve the f ...
Document
Document

... Synchronically, words like Sunday, Monday, etc. are simple words. Diachronically, they existed as compounds in Old English. Synchronically, words like eventful, talkative, etc. are considered to be derivatives. Diachronically, they were hybrids(混合词), namely, words made of two parts, each from a diff ...
commas - Bucks County Community College
commas - Bucks County Community College

... Practice: Add commas to the sentences below. 1. As soon as I save enough money I intend to buy a car. 2. New Jersey which borders Pennsylvania on the east is famous for swamps and tomatoes. 3. It was only eleven o‟clock and the temperature had already reached ninety degrees. 4. “Drop the gun” the po ...
Created by: Joanne Warner Visit my website
Created by: Joanne Warner Visit my website

... there their they’re ________ house was a beautiful mansion. ...
Invitation to Systemic Functional Linguistics
Invitation to Systemic Functional Linguistics

... by ‘or’ relationships (and some others). In principle, the producer of a text chooses between these as he or she generates a spoken or written text.6 It is therefore a theory of language as choice between meanings. This aspect of the theory is described briefly in Chapter 2 and illustrated in Append ...
What is Linguistic Redundancy?
What is Linguistic Redundancy?

... economy (either in memory storage, memory retrieval, or both) that allows the participants of a conversation speedy access to the words in their mental lexicon. One of the maxims of Grice, i.e., Quantity, postulates that those participating in a language activity should employ as many distinctive f ...
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Untranslatability

Untranslatability is a property of a text, or of any utterance, in one language, for which no equivalent text or utterance can be found in another language when translated.Terms are, however, neither exclusively translatable nor exclusively untranslatable; rather, the degree of difficulty of translation depends on their nature, as well as on the translator's knowledge of the languages in question.Quite often, a text or utterance that is considered to be ""untranslatable"" is actually a lacuna, or lexical gap. That is, there is no one-to-one equivalence between the word, expression or turn of phrase in the source language and another word, expression or turn of phrase in the target language. A translator can, however, resort to a number of translation procedures to compensate for this. Therefore, untranslatability or difficulty of translation does not always carry deep linguistic relativity implications; denotation can virtually always be translated, given enough circumlocution, although connotation may be ineffable or inefficient to convey.
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