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Structure Section
Structure Section

... office have been with me and other TOEFL authors. Without information from them, we would all be guessing about what to present to the readers. As always, I am grateful to my wife, Maria, and children, Michelle and Michael, Jr., for putting up with my working so many hours as well as providing ideas ...
Glossary 2015 - Cambridge English
Glossary 2015 - Cambridge English

... In English grammar, there are active forms and passive forms. In an active sentence, the subject of the sentence does the action, e.g. active voice: The captain (the subject) scored the winning goal. The passive voice would be: The winning goal was scored by the captain. See passive voice. Activity- ...
The Editor`s Toolbox - University of St. Thomas
The Editor`s Toolbox - University of St. Thomas

... Thomas Wolfe once observed that there is probably a genius in every high school class. He could have easily said there is also one kid who loves words and books above all else. A few of these young wordsmiths migrate to careers working with the language. Most do not, I suspect, steered away by uninf ...
Lesson One Greetings - How can I direct you?
Lesson One Greetings - How can I direct you?

... names are often reserved for formal occasions. Different from Western cultures, however, a Chinese person is seldom referred to by his or her family name alone, especially if the family name is monosyllabic. For example, Wang Peng (王朋 Wáng Péng), should not be referred to simply as Wang. (5) In Chin ...
Compositionality Part 1: Basic ideas and definitions
Compositionality Part 1: Basic ideas and definitions

... discussion around it (for natural but also formal languages). I start with some historical background, and then present a precise framework—or rather two related but slightly different frameworks, both due to Wilfrid Hodges—in which the idea of compositionality, and related ideas, can be expressed a ...
academic writing for masters in humanities
academic writing for masters in humanities

... Ex.1.Examinethe following texts and identify any significant features. What kind of text does the extract come from and how does the language differ between the texts? Text A No one who had ever seen Catherine Morland in her infancy would have supposed her born to be an heroine. Her situation in lif ...
2. I - Bakersfield College
2. I - Bakersfield College

... one point per entry if it is too short or one week late. I will not grade your feelings or opinions. I will make comments if you’d like. For two entries per week, you will write on an assigned topic. It may be from America Now. You must argue a point or give your opinion on the assigned topic. Back ...
The Characteristics of English Linking Adverbials
The Characteristics of English Linking Adverbials

... being joined, where one is thought to be dependent on another. ( Finch, 2000: 91). A major difference between coordination and subordination of clauses is that the information in subordinate clauses is not asserted, but presupposed as given. ( Quirk et al., 1972: 551). For example: - He has quarrell ...
A Study of Optimality Theory and the Human Sentence Processing
A Study of Optimality Theory and the Human Sentence Processing

... all have left behind a great number of people that will forever be saddened by their loss. To my uncles Jagjit Singh Multani, Santokh Singh Padda, and Manjit Singh, I would like to say that your families are very strong, they are not alone, and that we, together, will get through any and all problem ...
From a children`s first dictionary to a lexical
From a children`s first dictionary to a lexical

... The study of words in the goal of understanding their meaning and how they relate to each other is a very large and complex field in itself. Aiming t o render this information usable by a computer presents an even larger problem. Researchers have tried to constrain this problem in a few ways. Words ...
An Evaluation of Microsoft Word 97’s Grammar Checker
An Evaluation of Microsoft Word 97’s Grammar Checker

... what case to use after the verb to be and in comparisons. It deals very badly with the first problem but rather well with the second. The question of what pronoun should follow the verb to be is one that does not concern most grammar teachers. Even the writers of most modern grammar texts accept It ...
Open Access - Lund University Publications
Open Access - Lund University Publications

... form of oku. The lexical form which stated previously means ‘to place’ or ‘to keep’ and has a clearer and a concrete meaning, whilst the grammaticalized form oku (which only adds an additional meaning to the proposition already expressed by the main verb) has an abstract meaning and contributes with ...
Interlingua based English-Hindi Machine
Interlingua based English-Hindi Machine

... Although the semantic markers are given in the orthography of a natural language, they cannot be identified with the words or expressions of the language used to provide them with suggestive labels. This means that the primitives exist independently of the words used to describe, locate or interpret ...
Chicago
Chicago

... Charts and checklists  If you need quick advice on revising a draft or preparing for a writing center visit, you can find key strategies for improving your writing in the charts and checklists throughout the book and at the end of the book, after the index. MLA, APA, Chicago, and CSE papers  Color-c ...
What kinship does—and how - HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory
What kinship does—and how - HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory

... This work is licensed under the Creative Commons | © Janet Carsten. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported. ISSN 2049-1115 (Online) ...
Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives and Adverbs

... People built (that, those) houses for the cold climate. (That, Those) fact is the reason for the small rooms. Snow could easily slide off (that, those) sloping roof. (That, This) house we are now touring is a typical Cape Cod house. I like (this, these) exhibit of colonial architecture. What are (th ...
Tips for Writing Theses for non
Tips for Writing Theses for non

... • Oxgen uptake was found to vary considerably. • However, it is also not necessary to say that you found the response. If you say what the response was, then you must have found it. ...
Dictionaries, Lexicography and Language Learning
Dictionaries, Lexicography and Language Learning

... has always been to promote a wider knowledge of the English language. Over the years we have issued many important publications that have set the agenda for ELT professionals, often in partnership with other organisations and institutions. As part of our 75th anniversary celebrations, we re-launched ...
Into-English Grading Standards - American Translators Association
Into-English Grading Standards - American Translators Association

... In virtually all contexts encountered in the certification examination, the use of abbreviated forms of words is unacceptable and is penalized as a Usage error. The following are important exceptions to this rule: Titles used in apposition to proper names All common titles may be abbreviated if they ...
1 The Expression of Modality in Tlingit: A Paucity of - LingBuzz
1 The Expression of Modality in Tlingit: A Paucity of - LingBuzz

... necessity for the future mode. This raises the question of how other modal categories – especially epistemic necessity and deontic possibility/necessity – are expressed in Tlingit. As documented here, Tlingit speakers employ a variety of rhetorical strategies for communicating these modal properties ...
Collocation
Collocation

... functional words, they are essentially analogous to separate functional words and are used as connectors and specifies of notional elements of various status. Cf.: from out of, up to, so that, such as must be able, don`t let`s. Functional phrases of such and like character constitute limited groups ...
Acquisition of Swedish Grammar
Acquisition of Swedish Grammar

... Swedish is a Scandinavian language, most closely related to Norwegian and Danish. In short it could be characterized as having a fairly restricted word order, a relatively simple verbal inflection system, and a more complex nominal inflection system. Compounding is a highly productive word formation p ...
Part 9 English Idioms The English language abounds in idioms like
Part 9 English Idioms The English language abounds in idioms like

... Finally,  many  idioms  are  grammatically  unanalysable.  For  example,  diamond  cut  diamond  (two  parties are equally matched) is grammatically incorrect, for normally the verb cut should take the third  person singulars as the subject diamond is singular. Meanwhile there exists a structurally  ...
A Tree-to-Tree Model for Statistical Machine Translation Brooke
A Tree-to-Tree Model for Statistical Machine Translation Brooke

... Assembly Champion — it’s so trite it kills me, but it’s so true I feel obliged to say it: I could not have done this without you. Thank you so much. Tommi “Most Amazing Smile” Jaakkola and Leslie “How Does She Do It All?” Kaelbling — My Committee: You didn’t make me rerun experiments! You didn’t mak ...
Refining Your Writing
Refining Your Writing

... sentence. “Without whipped cream I would like a chocolate sundae” does not make as much (if any) sense. To determine whether a prepositional phrase can be moved, we must determine the meaning of the sentence. Overuse of Prepositional Phrases Experienced writers often include more than one prepositio ...
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Untranslatability

Untranslatability is a property of a text, or of any utterance, in one language, for which no equivalent text or utterance can be found in another language when translated.Terms are, however, neither exclusively translatable nor exclusively untranslatable; rather, the degree of difficulty of translation depends on their nature, as well as on the translator's knowledge of the languages in question.Quite often, a text or utterance that is considered to be ""untranslatable"" is actually a lacuna, or lexical gap. That is, there is no one-to-one equivalence between the word, expression or turn of phrase in the source language and another word, expression or turn of phrase in the target language. A translator can, however, resort to a number of translation procedures to compensate for this. Therefore, untranslatability or difficulty of translation does not always carry deep linguistic relativity implications; denotation can virtually always be translated, given enough circumlocution, although connotation may be ineffable or inefficient to convey.
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