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The Origin and Development of Nonconcatenative Morphology by
The Origin and Development of Nonconcatenative Morphology by

... main processes result in the creation or disruption of nonconcatenative morphology. The first and perhaps most important is the morphologization of previously phonological alternations. This includes alternations related to the long-distance influence of a vowel or consonant and those occasioned by ...
The Uzbek tense aspect modality system
The Uzbek tense aspect modality system

... - evidentiality (source of knowledge), - epistemic modality (degree of certainty), - deontic modality (degree of obligation, desire or commitment). The Uzbek language is no exception to that. Its tense system is basically ground on a combination of time and aspect, which is then expanded to take int ...
A Reference Grammar of Dena Michelle Elizabeth Morrison Doctor
A Reference Grammar of Dena Michelle Elizabeth Morrison Doctor

... in Bena is its tense aspect system-Bena distinguishes four separate past tenses and three distinct futures; these interact with five aspects. The second major focus of Chapter 5 is the use of a series of suffixes in verbal derivation. The sixth chapter of the grammar describes adverbs and other inva ...
LEXICAL NEGATION IN ENGLISH: THE CASE OF UN- AND IN-
LEXICAL NEGATION IN ENGLISH: THE CASE OF UN- AND IN-

... it is arguable that un- and in- have a different meaning or correspond to various cognitive processes. In other words, they may conceptualize two different approaches to the extralinguistic world. ...
Kurmanji lessons
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... northern variants are similar, they are different enough that we will explain each one separately, beginning with the northern ...
A grammar of Mualang: An Ibanic language of Western Kalimantan
A grammar of Mualang: An Ibanic language of Western Kalimantan

... Throughout the years which finally resulted in the publication of the present study I have received abundant help from many parties and persons. I would like to express my gratitude first of all to the Research School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies (CNWS), Leiden University, for having pr ...
Semantics of Nouns and the Specification of
Semantics of Nouns and the Specification of

... Nouns in Turkish display certain characteristics that are significantly different from those of their counterparts in other languages. One of the main claims of this study is that the way nouns behave as well as their interaction with quantificational elements in NPs is best accounted for by referr ...
OBLIQUE ARGUMENTS RAISED
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... heads. This claim has been made originally for on Salish languages, but it has been adapted to other languages as well. Second, we see the auxiliary HAVE as a (particular) spell out of auxiliary BE. This move, again, is not unique and it has been proposed for various languages before. Simply put, HA ...
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Georgi Kapchits Sentence particles in the Somali language and their

... is fixed in regard to the predicate and other particles, which precede the verb, but not in regard to other components of the sentence. This means that the position of the preverb is determined by the verb and is in no way bound up with the place occupied by the objects themselves. As well as the pr ...
Phrase particles in the Somali language
Phrase particles in the Somali language

... is fixed in regard to the predicate and other particles, which precede the verb, but not in regard to other components of the sentence. This means that the position of the preverb is determined by the verb and is in no way bound up with the place occupied by the objects themselves. As well as the pr ...
Unit 1 - cloudfront.net
Unit 1 - cloudfront.net

... 3. A collective noun names a group. When the collective noun refers to the group as a whole, it is singular. When it refers to the individual group members, the collective noun is plural. The class meets two days a week. (singular) The board of trustees come from all walks of life. (plural) 4. A com ...
verb complementation
verb complementation

... complexities grew I realized that more than a single colume would have been necessary to encompass all the facts and observa­ tions on the general processes of embedding and their constraints after all four classes of verbs. Because of space limitation Part One and Part Two of the present investigat ...
The objective conjugation in Hungarian: agreement without phi
The objective conjugation in Hungarian: agreement without phi

... constructions, yet nonetheless retain some pronominal properties. First, they function as pronouns in the absence of a doubling nominal, like the Chicheŵa subject markers. Also, unlike agreement markers, they are distinguished by binding features, taking a reflexive form when doubling a reflexive a ...
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... Indonesian and in English. In Indonesian, passive construction is marked or characterized by prefix di- and prefix ter-. Prefix di- is sometimes combined with suffix –kan and –i. In English passive construction is formed by Be + verb past participle. For example, prefix di- and ter-, “Dokter perusah ...
Untitled - Shadows Government
Untitled - Shadows Government

... THE SLAVIC LANGUAGES The Slavic group of languages – the fourth largest Indo-European subgroup – is one of the major language families of the modern world. With 297 million speakers, Slavic comprises 13 languages split into three groups: South Slavic, which includes Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian; E ...
anotace - Theses
anotace - Theses

... cannot become passive. These are, for example, have (=own), lack, resemble, and suit (=be right for). These are all “state verbs”; the term is used especially by Eastwood (2005). Other grammarians (Huddleston and Pullum, 2002; Biber, Conrad and Leech, 2002) use rather the term “stative verbs”. Stati ...
THE EPP, NOMINATIVE CASE and EXPLETIVES
THE EPP, NOMINATIVE CASE and EXPLETIVES

... is to satisfy the EPP, while the nominative Case-feature of I is checked by the postverbal NP via Agree, invalidating the analysis of Belletti (1988), according to which, the Case of this NP is partitive. A comparison of there-constructions with their non-agreeing counterparts in French and Russian ...
Mangani Grammar
Mangani Grammar

... etarad bundolo-eta sheeta. Meeta arrow, tried to kill sheeta, but Meeta avoided it tand bund sheeta Ho-a-rand, Tarzan, b’wang gash yut- Many days ago, Tarzan with knife, stab the o un ul Bara. Bara bund loin of Bara. Bara died ...
semantic analysis of english performative verbs
semantic analysis of english performative verbs

... verbs. I will describe their logical form and identify the actual components of the illocutionary forces or acts which they name without translating them into an artificial conceptual language. The rules of translation which are needed for a more precise and systematic application of general semanti ...
Chapter ? Binding by Verbs: Tense, Person and Mood under Attitudes*
Chapter ? Binding by Verbs: Tense, Person and Mood under Attitudes*

... Kaplan’s framework. It shows that the system has no quantifiers binding context variables. Section 4.1.2 gives a precise semantics of the features for person, tense and mood. Section 4.2.4 shows that de se attitudes are purely intensional; I sketch that this holds for de re attitudes as well. The se ...
50. Verbal mood - Semantics Archive
50. Verbal mood - Semantics Archive

... including the analyses of Bolinger (1968), Hooper (1975), and James (1986). Her overview of this work shows the need for a precise, rigorous analysis within a linguistically oriented semantic theory. Subsequently, mainstream work on verbal mood within semantics has been based on the idea that mood s ...
fulltext - LOT Publications
fulltext - LOT Publications

... Tonal morphemes: aspect marked by tone....................................... 32 ...
University Microfilms International
University Microfilms International

... inflectional affixes established in this study, in contrast with those in previous works on Tagalog, are few and simple. affixes um- and m-, the passive affixes ...
mandarin compound verbs - Taiwan Journal of Linguistics
mandarin compound verbs - Taiwan Journal of Linguistics

... TERMINOLOGY AND TECHNICAL CONVENTIONS I. Terminology: terms and definitions ...
Lessons in Colloquial Hindustani for Fiji
Lessons in Colloquial Hindustani for Fiji

... Verbal roots ending in consonants, -a, and -e ...
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Ukrainian grammar

The grammar of the Ukrainian language describes the phonological, morphological, and syntactical rules of the Ukrainian language. Ukrainian contains 7 cases and 2 numbers for its nominal declension and 2 aspects, 3 tenses, 3 moods, and 2 voices for its verbal conjugation. Adjectives must agree in number, gender, and case with their nouns.In order to understand Ukrainian grammar, it is necessary to understand the various phonological rules that occur due to the collision of two or more sounds. Doing so markedly decreases the number of exceptions and makes understanding the rules better. The origin of some of these phonological rules can be traced all the way back to Indo-European gradation (ablaut). This is especially common in explaining the differences between the infinitive and present stem of many verbs.This article will present the grammar of the literary language, which is in the main followed by most dialects. The main differences in the dialects are vocabulary with occasional differences in phonology and morphology. Further information can be found in the article Ukrainian dialects.
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