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... object. As a rule, ADDR is animate (promise something to somebody.ADDR, talk to somebody.ADDR about something, teach someone.ADDR something). Effect (EFF) is the semantic counterpart of the second object or of the verbal attribute (break something into something.EFF, appoint somebody as somebody.EFF ...
Nathaniel Dorgbetor
Nathaniel Dorgbetor

... Per the asymmetric relationship between the internal arguments in the DOC; variants of the shell structure, originally proposed by Larson (1988), has been assumed nowadays in the analyses of the structure of the English DOC. The standard view on the English DOC has been that it can only have the V-G ...
The verbal valency in the Prague Dependency Treebank
The verbal valency in the Prague Dependency Treebank

... object. As a rule, ADDR is animate (promise something to somebody.ADDR, talk to somebody.ADDR about something, teach someone.ADDR something). Effect (EFF) is the semantic counterpart of the second object or of the verbal attribute (break something into something.EFF, appoint somebody as somebody.EFF ...
Financial support Basic data Outline of the talk BNs in object position
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... BNs in languages with determiners have to denote properties anyway. We argue that BNs are not semantic arguments of the verbs they appear with. So no reason (of the sort advanced in Chierchia 1984) to say that they denote kinds or other entities. Kind terms are not restricted in their distribution i ...
24 Important Words and Phrases
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... be used for a variety of activities and events. Hours 13:00 to 11:00 teach you the most effective ways to ask yes/no and information questions. In the event of a lack of communication, you’ll be prepared. You’ll also be able to properly furnish any necessary information being asked of you, in a quic ...
On Comparative Suppletion
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Uppsala University
Uppsala University

... iconic origin to some or all occurrences of reduplication, i.e. whether or not there is any ‘obvious’ function of it that is conventional in most or all languages that use it. As we will see, the process of reduplication will result in seemingly different semantic modifications when used on differen ...
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... This dissertation is an investigation into the structure of verbal predicates in Bardi, a Nyulnyulan language from the North-Western Australian coast. I examine possible synchronic analyses and reconstruct the history of the systems between Proto-Nyulnyulan and the modern attested languages. There h ...
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... For some verbs, it is impossible to provide one set of semantic roles for all senses of the verb. For example, the two senses of the verb ‘leave’ in the examples below take different arguments: Mary left the room Mary left her daughter-in-law her pearls in her will In such cases, frame files disting ...
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The semantics of the Turkish accusative marked

... In line with Enç (1991) Kennelly maintains that discourse linking of definites take place under the relation of identity which she calls directbinding. Specific indefinites, on the other hand, are assumed to receive their reading via indirect-binding. Kennelly, suggesting that there can in fact be ...
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... understood against the background of the syntactic slot they fill. Specifically, we start from the observation that present participles often occupy the position of an adjective phrase in the higher clause. Different semantic effects arise from the tension between the verbal semantics of the partici ...
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... In this chapter, I consider the definitions of tense and aspect and the need for a distinction between deictic tense and anaphoric tense in connection with the concept of reference point (Reichenbach 1947). Further, I address the definition of three temporal primitives: speech time, situation time, ...
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... the author’s theoretical work. It is very convenient to use electronic corpora to find data to justify certain claims about idioms and derivational morphology. For these particular surveys I used mainly the taz CD roms, which contain thirteen years of the newspaper. I also used the COSMAS corpus tha ...
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... As we compared the RSV with the Hebrew text, I began to note surprising phenomena. The RSV would translate the same verb form with different temporal meanings in English. The question then arose in my mind whether there would be any principled way of knowing why there are such different translations ...
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... theoretical framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar. Both the properties associated with the various types of argument and the means by which they are licensed in clauses turn out to be problematic. Two argument verbs appear in a range of clause types which are related in interesting ways. I argue t ...
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HAVE + PERFECT PARTICIPLE

... In this work, I contend that our understanding of the genesis of the periphrastic have-perfect in the Romance and Germanic languages (illustrated in 1.5) requires a detailed appreciation of the structures and meanings associated with other concatenations of have and a perfect participle (illustrate ...
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... I know that students never read the preface to a book so I am including the material below in this section instead. Yes, I know that you know everything in the world about how to study Arabic and even more about how to work through a self-study guide. That is why your Arabic is weak and your grammat ...
Syntax of Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek
Syntax of Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek

... desirable to state somewhat more fully than was done in the former preface the purpose which it is hoped the book will serve. Classified according to its intent, it belongs among the aids to the interpretation of the New Testament. It is designed to assist English-speaking students in the task of tr ...
Intermediate Spanish for Dummies
Intermediate Spanish for Dummies

... 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, 317-572-3447, fax 317-572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley ...
Part II: Writing in the Present
Part II: Writing in the Present

... 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, 317-572-3447, fax 317-572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley ...
Structural Classification of English Modals
Structural Classification of English Modals

... Modality is a contentious topic within the linguistics community with a vast diaspora of theories, approaches, interpretations, and classification schemes – some complementary and some far from it. English relies on modal expressions more than many languages and possesses a vast complexity of mood a ...
Participles in Time. The Development of the Perfect Tense
Participles in Time. The Development of the Perfect Tense

... tense from a construction with possessive HAVE and a tenseless participial complement. Both participles and auxiliary are assumed to have internal syntactic structure, and the different perfect-type constructions can thus be related synchronically and diachronically to each other. Cross-linguistic v ...
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Germanic strong verb

In the Germanic languages, a strong verb is one which marks its past tense by means of changes to the stem vowel (ablaut). The majority of the remaining verbs form the past tense by means of a dental suffix (e.g. -ed in English), and are known as weak verbs. A third, much smaller, class comprises the preterite-present verbs, which are continued in the English auxiliary verbs, e.g. can/could, shall/should, may/might, must. The ""strong"" vs. ""weak"" terminology was coined by the German philologist Jacob Grimm, and the terms ""strong verb"" and ""weak verb"" are direct translations of the original German terms ""starkes Verb"" and ""schwaches Verb"".In modern English, strong verbs are verbs such as sing, sang, sung or drive, drove, driven, as opposed to weak verbs such as open, opened, opened or hit, hit, hit. Not all verbs with a change in the stem vowel are strong verbs, however; they may also be irregular weak verbs such as bring, brought, brought or keep, kept, kept. The key distinction is the presence or absence of the final dental (-d- or -t-), although there are strong verbs whose past tense ends in a dental as well (such as bit, got, hid and trod). Strong verbs often have the ending ""-(e)n"" in the past participle, but this also cannot be used as an absolute criterion.In Proto-Germanic, strong and weak verbs were clearly distinguished from each other in their conjugation, and the strong verbs were grouped into seven coherent classes. Originally, the strong verbs were largely regular, and in most cases all of the principal parts of a strong verb of a given class could be reliably predicted from the infinitive. This system was continued largely intact in Old English and the other older historical Germanic languages, e.g. Gothic, Old High German and Old Norse. The coherency of this system is still present in modern German and Dutch and some of the other conservative modern Germanic languages. For example, in German and Dutch, strong verbs are consistently marked with a past participle in -en, while weak verbs in German have a past participle in -t and in Dutch in -t or -d. In English, however, the original regular strong conjugations have largely disintegrated, with the result that in modern English grammar, a distinction between strong and weak verbs is less useful than a distinction between ""regular"" and ""irregular"" verbs.
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