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the demotic verbal system - Oriental Institute
the demotic verbal system - Oriental Institute

... thirty years are here applied to Demotic, often for the first time, 3 and advances made in the reading and understanding of Demotic itself are also incorporated. The result is the redefinition of the basic paradigms, the forms constituting these different paradigms, the meaning of each, and the synt ...
ON THE SYNTAX OF PARTICIPIAL MODIFIERS*
ON THE SYNTAX OF PARTICIPIAL MODIFIERS*

... n-tᶴn sw ] ᶾ( the.MS bread.MS beer.FS COMPREL give-PERF=1S to-2P it ‘the bread and beer …. which I gave to you’ (Siut I, 295) ...
Different by-phrases with adjectival and verbal passives
Different by-phrases with adjectival and verbal passives

... a syntactic account of adjectival participles similar to McIntyre’s (2013) and Bruening’s (2014) with the kind of semantics that we will assume in this paper (see section 2). In particular, unlike verbal participles, the participles in adjectival passives do not get further embedded under verbal fu ...
Voice and Case in Tagalog:
Voice and Case in Tagalog:

... accepted in basic predicate-initial sentences, which are the main focus of this thesis. 3 Approaches tied to a binary structural distinction with respect to case systems (accusative vs. ergative) often take on one of these voice forms as the basic form. On morphological grounds, however, no verbal v ...
deverbal nominals in xhosa
deverbal nominals in xhosa

... extent explicitly otherwise stated) and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. ...
Hausa Verbal Compounds
Hausa Verbal Compounds

... (not in VEHICLE) addresses participant (sometimes in VEHICLE), naming a situation ................................183 6.2.1.4 Metonymy in Hausa verbal compounds: a summary.........184 6.2.2 Metaphor in marked V+X and PAC+V compounds..........184 6.2.2.1 Metaphor between VEHICLE and TARGET .......... ...
IndependentSchool District of BoiseCity Spanish 3
IndependentSchool District of BoiseCity Spanish 3

... on the semester End of Course (EOC) exam. Progress reports provide the students and  parents with a measure of their performance (average grades or percentages) and reflect  progress in four main areas: unit tests, projects and activities, homework completion, as  well as participation in class. The ...
Part II: A Close Look at Parts of Speech
Part II: A Close Look at Parts of Speech

... Phonology: Saying and spelling words correctly .......................................................10 Morphology: Word structure and variations in word forms.....................................11 Syntax: Putting words in order ..................................................................... ...
Title of paper - Semantics Archive
Title of paper - Semantics Archive

... take on a camping trip‟. These are goal-derived categories that are created spontaneously for use in more or less specialized contexts. Under this perspective adjectival passives may be seen as a means to extend and contextualize a concept‟s property space with respect to contextually salient goals. ...
Building event-based ad hoc properties: On the
Building event-based ad hoc properties: On the

... take on a camping trip’. These are goal-derived categories that are created spontaneously for use in more or less specialized contexts. Under this perspective adjectival passives may be seen as a means to extend and contextualize a concept’s property space with respect to contextually salient goals. ...
On the linguistic complexity of proper names
On the linguistic complexity of proper names

... It was [ PP under the chair ] that I think I left my coat. c. * It was [ VP go home early ] that John did. d. * It was [ AP very angry at me ] that John was. Stowell 1981 argues that the constraint is categorial: only [- V] projections can be clefted. He further claims that the constraint cannot be ...
Focus and the LF of NP quantification
Focus and the LF of NP quantification

... (8) a. [E x: few (x) & INCOMPETENT (x) & cooks (x)] applied (x) b. [Few x: INCOMPETENT (x) & cooks (x )] applied (x) It seems that when ( 7 ) is interpreted both as in (8a) or (8b) focus is contrastive, contrasting in c o mp e t e n t with c o mpete nt, and it can also be e mphatic. But it has no ef ...
Discontinuous reciprocals Abstract 1 Introduction
Discontinuous reciprocals Abstract 1 Introduction

... For convenience, I will say that a reciprocal strategy or a reciprocal verb is “used discontinuously” when it is used in a discontinuous reciprocal construction.2 It is easy to show that the construction is not general-purpose adjunction, but is specific to certain reciprocal strategies. In all the ...
Grammar and Writing Grade 5 Sampler
Grammar and Writing Grade 5 Sampler

... (a) Most of us (feeled, felt) sad when we said goodbye. (b) I (fleed, fled) out the door with a lump in my throat. (c) The last day had (come, came) too soon. (d) It had (catched, caught) us by surprise. ...
Adjectives and Argument Structure
Adjectives and Argument Structure

... The last decades have seen a growing interest in the study of argument structure. The different θroles assigned by various predicates were identified, the principles governing argument projection to syntactic positions were investigated, and a variety of diathesis alternations were analyzed. However ...
Adjectival participles, event kind modification and
Adjectival participles, event kind modification and

... 1994), which only allows as its input modifiers that provide information that is characteristic for the result state. However, she does not make precise what it means to be characteristic for the result state. In addition, if a VP is the input to adjectivisation, this opens up the way for a syntacti ...
AFF - MPG.PuRe
AFF - MPG.PuRe

... Professor John WOE,my advisor, is the one who laid the groundwork for my research in Atayal. He not only taught me Indonesian, Tagalog, and Austronesian linguistics, but also writing of textbooks and foreign lang~agepedagogy. He always believe6 in me and challeoged me to move forward. Professor Lind ...
Ser & Estar I & II
Ser & Estar I & II

... The past participle  The past participle can be used as an adjective.  They usually are preceded by ESTAR, because they describe current ...
Origins and development of adjectival passives in Spanish: A corpus
Origins and development of adjectival passives in Spanish: A corpus

... which in Modern Contemporary Spanish expresses verbal passives. Diachronic developments since then have created a two-way passive system analogous with other Indoeuropean languages, such as Greek, German or Hebrew. Besides the passive domain, there were other contexts, such as individuallevel (IL) a ...
NGUYEN THI THUY MA THESIS
NGUYEN THI THUY MA THESIS

... can, may, shall, will, ought to, used to, need, dare. ...
NGUYEN THI THUY MA THESIS-2006
NGUYEN THI THUY MA THESIS-2006

... can, may, shall, will, ought to, used to, need, dare. In English, Voice is strictly related to auxiliary verbs. Some Auxiliary verbs like do, have, be can be used as lexical verbs which have a wide range of forms including the present participle and the past participle. In the relation to the semi – ...
2 The Dative Case
2 The Dative Case

... case. In fact, si is used in Czech very frequently, far more than most grammar books let on. You can use si in a sentence any time an action affects the subject, or is done for the subject, particularly if it is done for the subject’s enjoyment. Perhaps because it is such a little word, si sneaks in ...
Mungbam grammar - Acsu Buffalo
Mungbam grammar - Acsu Buffalo

... Testament translation. The corpus-based method we used for collecting examples of relevant grammatical phenomena, and testing our generalizations, was quite similar to the system I have used in the present work: typing all of my texts into an ASCII format and then developing some simple command-line ...
Challenging Discrete Approaches to Secondary
Challenging Discrete Approaches to Secondary

... intending to subscribe to any particular theory at the moment, I will apply the widely-used term 'secondary predicate' to the predicative phrase XP and will call syntactic patterns including such a phrase 'secondary-predicate constructions'. ...
Contextually-Dependent Lexical Semantics
Contextually-Dependent Lexical Semantics

... distinction between syntax and meaning. So, for example, a verb such as drink is semantically bivalent — it has two semantic arguments, the drinker and what is drunk — yet can be used in both the transitive (John drinks milk) or intransitive (John drinks) syntactic frames. A semantic grammar which a ...
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Germanic strong verb

In the Germanic languages, a strong verb is one which marks its past tense by means of changes to the stem vowel (ablaut). The majority of the remaining verbs form the past tense by means of a dental suffix (e.g. -ed in English), and are known as weak verbs. A third, much smaller, class comprises the preterite-present verbs, which are continued in the English auxiliary verbs, e.g. can/could, shall/should, may/might, must. The ""strong"" vs. ""weak"" terminology was coined by the German philologist Jacob Grimm, and the terms ""strong verb"" and ""weak verb"" are direct translations of the original German terms ""starkes Verb"" and ""schwaches Verb"".In modern English, strong verbs are verbs such as sing, sang, sung or drive, drove, driven, as opposed to weak verbs such as open, opened, opened or hit, hit, hit. Not all verbs with a change in the stem vowel are strong verbs, however; they may also be irregular weak verbs such as bring, brought, brought or keep, kept, kept. The key distinction is the presence or absence of the final dental (-d- or -t-), although there are strong verbs whose past tense ends in a dental as well (such as bit, got, hid and trod). Strong verbs often have the ending ""-(e)n"" in the past participle, but this also cannot be used as an absolute criterion.In Proto-Germanic, strong and weak verbs were clearly distinguished from each other in their conjugation, and the strong verbs were grouped into seven coherent classes. Originally, the strong verbs were largely regular, and in most cases all of the principal parts of a strong verb of a given class could be reliably predicted from the infinitive. This system was continued largely intact in Old English and the other older historical Germanic languages, e.g. Gothic, Old High German and Old Norse. The coherency of this system is still present in modern German and Dutch and some of the other conservative modern Germanic languages. For example, in German and Dutch, strong verbs are consistently marked with a past participle in -en, while weak verbs in German have a past participle in -t and in Dutch in -t or -d. In English, however, the original regular strong conjugations have largely disintegrated, with the result that in modern English grammar, a distinction between strong and weak verbs is less useful than a distinction between ""regular"" and ""irregular"" verbs.
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