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a Sample - The Well
a Sample - The Well

... As the student’s general skills in writing and spelling improve, so will his ability to take dictation. At first, the student may struggle for a number of reasons. He may be transitioning from printing to cursive writing. He may have to stop and think about how to form a letter and lose his train of ...
Metaphor and subjective experience
Metaphor and subjective experience

... Theory (CMT), according to which the meanings of non-concrete expressions are based on non-linguistic, and purportedly universal primary metaphors such as SIMILARITY IS PROXIMITY IN SPACE (cf. Grady 2005; Johnson & Rohrer 2007). If the motion-emotion metaphors in the four languages under discussion ...
On `sit`/`stand`/`lie` auxiliation1
On `sit`/`stand`/`lie` auxiliation1

... is the imperfective (and not the perfective) aspectual base of the verb that is being used. We can say then that there is no need for imperfectivity to be marked since even if we remove the postural verb and the conjunction ‘and’ from the above sentences, the interpretation of each of them will stil ...
www.gramatika.org
www.gramatika.org

... The subjects change in number, but the verbs do not change. Exception ─ was, were Remember ─ In the present tense form, the verbs change to agree with their subjects in number. Exception ─ I and you (singular) In the past tense form, the verbs do not change. Exception ─ was, were ...
Acquiring Linguistic Constructions
Acquiring Linguistic Constructions

... Importantly, however, some complex linguistic structures are not based on abstract categories, but rather on particular linguistic items (Fillmore, 1988, 1989; Fillmore, Kay, & O’Conner, 1988). The limiting case is totally fixed expressions such as the idiom How do you do?, which is a structure of E ...
Journal of Language Modelling 1
Journal of Language Modelling 1

... homonymous counties and communes’ (containing the list of homonymous Polish administrative division units). Conversely, infoboxes are usually added to articles that only cover individual entities, not general domain-related terms. For this reason, we used infobox templates as the main criteria for e ...
Prepositional Phrase Attachment and Interlingua
Prepositional Phrase Attachment and Interlingua

... Many rules are formed using Context Free (CFG)-like grammar segments, the productions of which help in clause delimitation, prepositional phrase attachment, part of speech (POS) disambiguation and so on. This is illustrated with the example of noun clause handling: (6) The boy who works here went to ...
T H E   I N C E P... E D   T O P I C S ...
T H E I N C E P... E D T O P I C S ...

... of encoding a distinct action/event. Leslau (1995:359) notes that the Amharic verb ansɨta „she having picked up‟ in 1:1a cannot be translated into English. Example 1:1b is also uttered when no action of grasping by the dog is involved. The converbs, rather, seem to give nuances to the main verb that ...
Tagset Manual
Tagset Manual

... by tagging toe with PronAdv(prep), indicating that it is part of a separated PronAdv. In the fifth tier, it is shown which tokens should be linked together. The tag ba4 in the second line indicates that there is another word (starting with the tag ea0) following the fourth symbol of the word daer. T ...
GR5 GUM BLM - scholastic.com
GR5 GUM BLM - scholastic.com

... Scholastic Inc. grants teachers who have purchased Scholastic Literacy Place® permission to reproduce from this book those pages intended for use in their classrooms. Notice of copyright must appear on all copies of copyrighted materials. For information regarding permission, write to Scholastic Inc ...
e aland - MPG.PuRe
e aland - MPG.PuRe

... mau, for thee, tau, thy) ai (as in maia, brave), ea, eo, eu, io, iu. not wish at present to make many observathat there is a considerable difference Maori speakers respecting them. Our own idea is that amongst there may be a few occasions on which some might be considered diphthongs and that those o ...
Untitled
Untitled

... This example shows that dictionaries presuppose knowledge of relations between words. It is the task of linguists to characterize the kind of knowledge on which the awareness of the relation between the word forms walk, walks, walked, and walking is based. Knowledge of a language includes knowledge ...
Partitives A workshop at SLE 43
Partitives A workshop at SLE 43

... • Cases that have some partitive-like functions: Hungarian (ablative); most Indo-European languages (genitive) • Languages with partitive articles: French, Italian. • Other types and/or other languages? ...
The Finnish Accusative: Long Distance Case Assignment by ϕ
The Finnish Accusative: Long Distance Case Assignment by ϕ

... The plural test reveals that the embedded subject DP of the VA-infinitive (9b) occurs in true genitive Case, whereas the embedded subject of the MA-infinitive (9a) carries the n-accusative. Therefore we can, and must, distinguish syntactically DPs which bear the genitive-looking n-accusative and the ...
An Updated Typology of Causative Constructions: Form
An Updated Typology of Causative Constructions: Form

... the type that ordinarily needs too much hand-holding, but I needed that at the time, and you knew to give it. Rich, for your good advice, and for your incredibly broad knowledge of history, sociology and geography. I also appreciate your sense of humor and familiarity with pop culture. Your presence ...
azu_td_9032531_sip1_
azu_td_9032531_sip1_

... Thepkanjana 1986; Savetamalya 1988), but few have worked on semantics (Kanchanawan 1978). The terms "auxiliaries" or "auxiliary verbs" used for describing the elements in Thai are rather confusing. While some call these elements "auxiliaries", ...
French for Independent Learners
French for Independent Learners

... That is why the Junior Tense Grid gives the example for jouer. However, there are two other sorts of verb in French. They are verbs that end in –IR and verbs that end in –RE At the bottom of column 1, you will find the endings for these verbs. 1. So, if you wish to say, “They (f) are polishing” this ...
Two sources of scalarity within the verb phrase
Two sources of scalarity within the verb phrase

... In section 2, I go into more detail about the characteristics of these two readings of half and especially their distinct behavior with respect to aspect and telicity. Section 3 contains an outline of the semantic properties of scales and degrees that are relevant for the degree-based account of as ...
Solving the bracketing paradox: an analysis of
Solving the bracketing paradox: an analysis of

... Particle verbs always have the same inflection class as their base verb. This means that the inflectional suffix has to have access to the morphological features of the stem. This is easily accounted for in an analysis where inflectional material is combined with the stem before the particle is added, ...
“The Use of the Gerund in the English Language and ways of its
“The Use of the Gerund in the English Language and ways of its

... that function as the direct object, indirect object, or complement of an action or a state expressed in the gerund. Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier then what we're trying to do. finding (gerund) a needle (direct object of the action expressed in the gerund in a haystack (prepositional ...
Section 8 – Compound Main Clauses
Section 8 – Compound Main Clauses

... maarr T Thhiirrdd G Grraaddee W Woorrkkbbooookk................................................. 77 Section 1 – An Initial Review .........................................................................................................................8 Exercise 1.1 Identifying Subjects and Verbs ... ...
The state of present-day Domari in Jerusalem
The state of present-day Domari in Jerusalem

... beginning in the 1940s, and lasting until after the Israeli occupation in 1967, when the last Dom abandoned their tents and moved into permanent dwelling. Begging was apparently practised by the women in the community until shortly after the Israeli occupation. It is still practised in the city by e ...
Persian complex predicates and the limits of inheritance
Persian complex predicates and the limits of inheritance

... telephone did-1SG ‘I telephoned.’ ...
ON THE PROSODIC FEATURES OF THE MODERN ENGLISH
ON THE PROSODIC FEATURES OF THE MODERN ENGLISH

... always work counter to, but very frequently in the same direction as, the basic distribution of CD.7 (Languages may differ as to the degree of such conformity, a comparatively very high degree being displayed by Czech non-emotive sentences, a somewhat lower one by their German, and a considerably lo ...
Involuntary state constructions in Polish: a case of semantic
Involuntary state constructions in Polish: a case of semantic

... Consequently, the 3rd person neuter singular form of the verb may be treated as something outstanding in the system of regular inflected verbs in Polish, as it performs a number of jobs. Yet another interesting feature of ISCs (as claimed by Rivero, Arregui and Frąckowiak 2010) consists of the fact ...
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Russian grammar

Russian grammar (Russian: грамматика русского языка; IPA: [ɡrɐˈmatʲɪkə ˈruskəvə jɪzɨˈka]; also русская грамматика; IPA: [ˈruskəjə ɡrɐˈmatʲɪkə]) encompasses: a highly inflexional morphology a syntax that, for the literary language, is the conscious fusion of three elements: a Church Slavonic inheritance; a Western European style; a polished vernacular foundation.The Russian language has preserved an Indo-European inflexional structure, although considerable adaption has taken place.The spoken language has been influenced by the literary one, but it continues to preserve some characteristic forms. Russian dialects show various non-standard grammatical features, some of which are archaisms or descendants of old forms discarded by the literary language.NOTE: In the discussion below, various terms are used in the meaning they have in standard Russian discussions of historical grammar. In particular, aorist, imperfect, etc. are considered verbal tenses rather than aspects, because ancient examples of them are attested for both perfective and imperfective verbs.
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