Neurology—midterm review
... -pain and temperature pathways (from the dermis and epidermis) *aka “lateral spinothalamic tract” *reflex—subconscious muscular response to stimulus *this pathway is distinct from the other two in that in synapses with another neuron in the cord (internuncial neuron) which functions to form a reflex ...
... -pain and temperature pathways (from the dermis and epidermis) *aka “lateral spinothalamic tract” *reflex—subconscious muscular response to stimulus *this pathway is distinct from the other two in that in synapses with another neuron in the cord (internuncial neuron) which functions to form a reflex ...
chapt07_lecture
... a) An active process needed to move organelles and proteins from the cell body to axon terminals b) Fast component moves membranous vesicles c) Slow components move microfilaments, microtubules, and proteins d) Anterograde transport – from cell body to dendrites and axon; uses kinesin molecular moto ...
... a) An active process needed to move organelles and proteins from the cell body to axon terminals b) Fast component moves membranous vesicles c) Slow components move microfilaments, microtubules, and proteins d) Anterograde transport – from cell body to dendrites and axon; uses kinesin molecular moto ...
BOX 42.1 HOW DO WE LEARN ABOUT BRAIN EVOLUTION? There
... organization of different species of present-day (extant) mammals and other vertebrates. As Darwin recognized, each living species represents the living tip of a largely dead branch of an extremely bushy tree of life. By examining other living tips of the tree, we can infer much about the organizati ...
... organization of different species of present-day (extant) mammals and other vertebrates. As Darwin recognized, each living species represents the living tip of a largely dead branch of an extremely bushy tree of life. By examining other living tips of the tree, we can infer much about the organizati ...
The Dancing Cockroach Leg
... I then have them work in groups of ~4 to determine what is happening in the video. I like to have them start discussion without any more information. Usually after about 3 or 4 minutes I stop everyone and ask if they have figured out what is going on. Students generally guess that something on the c ...
... I then have them work in groups of ~4 to determine what is happening in the video. I like to have them start discussion without any more information. Usually after about 3 or 4 minutes I stop everyone and ask if they have figured out what is going on. Students generally guess that something on the c ...
The human brain has on average 100 billion neurons, to each
... through these via electrochemical gradients (action potentials). The pulses arrive at the dendrites, and are carried down to the cell body (soma). They then travel down the axon hillock to the axonal tree where they are then imparted to other neurons. There are different types of neurons in the brai ...
... through these via electrochemical gradients (action potentials). The pulses arrive at the dendrites, and are carried down to the cell body (soma). They then travel down the axon hillock to the axonal tree where they are then imparted to other neurons. There are different types of neurons in the brai ...
NIHMS263877-supplement-1
... distribution of eigenvalues to be zero has important consequences, such that the magnitude of synaptic interactions is large and the network is in a critical state (see section 1.3 “Theoretical analysis”). Fig.S4b shows the off-diagonal terms (crossinteraction) of the matrix J: cross interactions in ...
... distribution of eigenvalues to be zero has important consequences, such that the magnitude of synaptic interactions is large and the network is in a critical state (see section 1.3 “Theoretical analysis”). Fig.S4b shows the off-diagonal terms (crossinteraction) of the matrix J: cross interactions in ...
Summary of the Known Major Neurotransmitters
... exercise—the brains natural opiates. Excitatory and inhibitory: involved in One factor associated with increasing heartbeat, arousal, learning, depression. memory, and eating Inhibitory: communicates messages to Destruction of GABA-producing other neurons, helping to balance and offset neurons in Hu ...
... exercise—the brains natural opiates. Excitatory and inhibitory: involved in One factor associated with increasing heartbeat, arousal, learning, depression. memory, and eating Inhibitory: communicates messages to Destruction of GABA-producing other neurons, helping to balance and offset neurons in Hu ...
PDF file
... in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled lines”, in which each neuron’s firing can represent events on dif ...
... in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled lines”, in which each neuron’s firing can represent events on dif ...
Nervous System
... their structure. They are capable of response to their environment but not in this way. 2) This is the start of cephalization (development of the brain). Cnidarians have the simplest nervous system of the Animal Kingdom, they have a network of nerves that conducts signals from sensory cells to muscl ...
... their structure. They are capable of response to their environment but not in this way. 2) This is the start of cephalization (development of the brain). Cnidarians have the simplest nervous system of the Animal Kingdom, they have a network of nerves that conducts signals from sensory cells to muscl ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 5.1 Intracellular recording of the
... consisting of a single transmembrane α subunit in association with a β1 subunit and a β2 subunit. The α subunit has receptor sites for α-scorpion toxins (ScTX) and tetrodotoxin (TTX). (B) Primary structures of α and β1 subunits of sodium channel illustrated as transmembrane-folding diagrams. Cylinde ...
... consisting of a single transmembrane α subunit in association with a β1 subunit and a β2 subunit. The α subunit has receptor sites for α-scorpion toxins (ScTX) and tetrodotoxin (TTX). (B) Primary structures of α and β1 subunits of sodium channel illustrated as transmembrane-folding diagrams. Cylinde ...
peripheral nervous system
... impulses from the beginning part (axon hillock) to the end (axon terminal). Because the axoplasm does not contain RNA and ribosome, proteins synthesis cannot take place in the axon. All axonal proteins, therefore, must come from the cell body, and the products are transported by a perpetual axoplasm ...
... impulses from the beginning part (axon hillock) to the end (axon terminal). Because the axoplasm does not contain RNA and ribosome, proteins synthesis cannot take place in the axon. All axonal proteins, therefore, must come from the cell body, and the products are transported by a perpetual axoplasm ...
No Slide Title
... Density of decay is proportional to bloodflow More bloodflow is inferred to reveal more neural activity ...
... Density of decay is proportional to bloodflow More bloodflow is inferred to reveal more neural activity ...
to undergo a fundamental change in its normal mode of
... Adaptation: a fundamental aspect of brain activity “We conclude, therefore, that sense organs are not rigid machines but living and variable systems, the functioning of which is subject to variation. If a sensory system is exposed to a new and prolonged stimulus situation that departs from the one ...
... Adaptation: a fundamental aspect of brain activity “We conclude, therefore, that sense organs are not rigid machines but living and variable systems, the functioning of which is subject to variation. If a sensory system is exposed to a new and prolonged stimulus situation that departs from the one ...
Exercise Enhances Brain Health
... CA1 neurons of the hippocampus while stimulation is applied to the Schaffer collaterals of CA3 neurons. The amplitudes of the EPSPs in the CA1 neurons are shown in B. For a single stimulus, the amplitude of the EPSPs is plotted at 100%. When a train of stimuli is applied instead, the amplitude of th ...
... CA1 neurons of the hippocampus while stimulation is applied to the Schaffer collaterals of CA3 neurons. The amplitudes of the EPSPs in the CA1 neurons are shown in B. For a single stimulus, the amplitude of the EPSPs is plotted at 100%. When a train of stimuli is applied instead, the amplitude of th ...
GameAI_NeuralNetworks
... Using a logistic function as output activation, an output around 0.9 is considered activated or true, 0.1 considered not activated or false In practice, we may not even get close to these values! So, a threshold has to be set… Using midpoint of the function (0.5) is a simple choice If more than one ...
... Using a logistic function as output activation, an output around 0.9 is considered activated or true, 0.1 considered not activated or false In practice, we may not even get close to these values! So, a threshold has to be set… Using midpoint of the function (0.5) is a simple choice If more than one ...
nervous system
... the external chemical environment of neurons by removing excess ions (notably potassium). Also they take up neurotransmitters that are released by neurons during synaptic transmission and recycling them. ...
... the external chemical environment of neurons by removing excess ions (notably potassium). Also they take up neurotransmitters that are released by neurons during synaptic transmission and recycling them. ...
The yin and yang of cortical layer 1
... interneurons that control the coupling of soma and dendrite in L5 cells. ENGCs, through their direct effects on the L5 dendrites and electrical synapses with other inhibitory neurons, directly inhibit dendritic Ca2+ spikes (Fig. 1b). What could these separate circuits be achieving? Several possibili ...
... interneurons that control the coupling of soma and dendrite in L5 cells. ENGCs, through their direct effects on the L5 dendrites and electrical synapses with other inhibitory neurons, directly inhibit dendritic Ca2+ spikes (Fig. 1b). What could these separate circuits be achieving? Several possibili ...
Pathophysiology of Epilepsy
... – epileptogenic process involves a gradual transformation of the neural network over ...
... – epileptogenic process involves a gradual transformation of the neural network over ...
1. What type of joint do the capitulum of the humerus
... c) syndesmosis d) saddle e) ball and socket 2. The anterior cruciate ligament: a) prevents the tibia from displacing anteriorly b) prevents the tibia from displacing posteriorly c) prevents the tibia from displacing medially d) prevents the tibia from displacing laterally e) keeps the patella in pla ...
... c) syndesmosis d) saddle e) ball and socket 2. The anterior cruciate ligament: a) prevents the tibia from displacing anteriorly b) prevents the tibia from displacing posteriorly c) prevents the tibia from displacing medially d) prevents the tibia from displacing laterally e) keeps the patella in pla ...
Annual Review of Neuroscience
... Brain waves are central to brain function. They regulate communication between neurons and there is mounting evidence that they play specific and important roles in higher cognition. Abnormal brain waves are apparent in neuropsychiatric disorders. Multiple-electrodes offer a new tool for directly me ...
... Brain waves are central to brain function. They regulate communication between neurons and there is mounting evidence that they play specific and important roles in higher cognition. Abnormal brain waves are apparent in neuropsychiatric disorders. Multiple-electrodes offer a new tool for directly me ...
Electrical Communication #2
... Note on terminology: even though the cell is firing action potentials all along its axon, we say that it has fired a single action potential and simply propagated it. ...
... Note on terminology: even though the cell is firing action potentials all along its axon, we say that it has fired a single action potential and simply propagated it. ...