Introduction to Psychology
... person to your right. When that person notices this “message,” he or she would squirt the left hand of the person to the right, and so on. When chemical molecules cross over a synapse, they attach to special receiving areas on the next neuron ( Figure 2.5). These tiny receptor sites on the cell memb ...
... person to your right. When that person notices this “message,” he or she would squirt the left hand of the person to the right, and so on. When chemical molecules cross over a synapse, they attach to special receiving areas on the next neuron ( Figure 2.5). These tiny receptor sites on the cell memb ...
1-Student`s Refexes
... is located within the muscle itself . b) Inverse Stretch Reflex ( Golgi Tendon Organ reflex ) : The receptor is called Golgi Tendon Organ , and is present in the muscle tendon . ...
... is located within the muscle itself . b) Inverse Stretch Reflex ( Golgi Tendon Organ reflex ) : The receptor is called Golgi Tendon Organ , and is present in the muscle tendon . ...
Trends Towards Progress of Brains and Sense Organs
... difficult. We can only distinguish between general and more specific trends. The former are of much greater interest for the understanding of evolution as they govern the development of many branches of the phylogeny of animals. However, by using the term "general trend" we do not want to characteri ...
... difficult. We can only distinguish between general and more specific trends. The former are of much greater interest for the understanding of evolution as they govern the development of many branches of the phylogeny of animals. However, by using the term "general trend" we do not want to characteri ...
17. Pathways and Integrative Functions
... topos = place). For example, recall the homunculus map in chapter 15 (see figure 15.12), which depicted the surface of the precentral gyrus and showed the parts of the primary motor cortex that control specific body regions. The pathways that connect these parts of the primary motor cortex to a spec ...
... topos = place). For example, recall the homunculus map in chapter 15 (see figure 15.12), which depicted the surface of the precentral gyrus and showed the parts of the primary motor cortex that control specific body regions. The pathways that connect these parts of the primary motor cortex to a spec ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... * Desynchronization is an improper term to characterize active state since cognitive ...
... * Desynchronization is an improper term to characterize active state since cognitive ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... as a model system to study the neuronal basis of acoustic behavior. Auditory neurons have been described from intracellular recordings. The growing interest to study population activity of neurons has been satisfied so far with artificially combining data from different individuals. Here for the fir ...
... as a model system to study the neuronal basis of acoustic behavior. Auditory neurons have been described from intracellular recordings. The growing interest to study population activity of neurons has been satisfied so far with artificially combining data from different individuals. Here for the fir ...
The Octopus as a Possible Model for Invertebrate Consciousness
... Some basic criteria for primary consciousness • Brain regions that function like thalamus and cortex (i.e., thalamocortical reentrant signaling). • Dynamic neural activity (firing of neurons across the cortex)) that h resembles bl what h we observe b d during i the h human conscious state. • The ab ...
... Some basic criteria for primary consciousness • Brain regions that function like thalamus and cortex (i.e., thalamocortical reentrant signaling). • Dynamic neural activity (firing of neurons across the cortex)) that h resembles bl what h we observe b d during i the h human conscious state. • The ab ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... (Fig. 3A), as done by others (Prange and Murphy, 2001), since it is difficult during this stage of development in culture (2 weeks) to unequivocally distinguish spines from filopodium based solely on morphologic criteria. This is because filopodia are abundant and many spines have an ambiguous morph ...
... (Fig. 3A), as done by others (Prange and Murphy, 2001), since it is difficult during this stage of development in culture (2 weeks) to unequivocally distinguish spines from filopodium based solely on morphologic criteria. This is because filopodia are abundant and many spines have an ambiguous morph ...
Information Processing in the Rostral Solitary Nucleus: Modulation
... 2010b) and ion channel expression patterns (Corson & Bradley, 2013; Suwabe & Bradley, 2009). Much more is known about the biophysical properties of rNST neurons and their cranial nerve inputs as a whole than is known about the differences between the ...
... 2010b) and ion channel expression patterns (Corson & Bradley, 2013; Suwabe & Bradley, 2009). Much more is known about the biophysical properties of rNST neurons and their cranial nerve inputs as a whole than is known about the differences between the ...
Regulation of synaptic functions in central nervous system by
... α-MSH secretion, and, to suppress the firing of orexigenic LepRb/NPY-expressing neurons, secretion of NPY and AgRP (Figure 1B) [21,37,38]. The response to leptin in ARC neurons mainly contributes to satiety. Leptin can also directly regulate mesolimbic VTA (ventral tegmental area) DA (dopaminergic) ...
... α-MSH secretion, and, to suppress the firing of orexigenic LepRb/NPY-expressing neurons, secretion of NPY and AgRP (Figure 1B) [21,37,38]. The response to leptin in ARC neurons mainly contributes to satiety. Leptin can also directly regulate mesolimbic VTA (ventral tegmental area) DA (dopaminergic) ...
Visual Categorization and the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... 500 ms of fixation, a sample image was presented at the center of the screen for 600 ms, followed by a 1,000-ms delay. Then a choice image appeared. If the sample and choice stimuli were from the same category (a category match), the monkeys were required to release the lever before the stimulus dis ...
... 500 ms of fixation, a sample image was presented at the center of the screen for 600 ms, followed by a 1,000-ms delay. Then a choice image appeared. If the sample and choice stimuli were from the same category (a category match), the monkeys were required to release the lever before the stimulus dis ...
Proper migration and axon outgrowth of zebrafish
... information from attractive and repulsive cues and growth promoting adhesive environments. Cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions via adhesion molecules, especially by molecules belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, have been shown to be crucial for nervous system development (Maness and S ...
... information from attractive and repulsive cues and growth promoting adhesive environments. Cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions via adhesion molecules, especially by molecules belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, have been shown to be crucial for nervous system development (Maness and S ...
multiple reward signals in the brain
... monkey learns by trial and error which behavioural response and which reinforcer is associated with each new instructional cue. The neuron shows typical reward-expectation activity during the initial unrewarded movement trials. This activity disappears when learning advances (bottom graph; original ...
... monkey learns by trial and error which behavioural response and which reinforcer is associated with each new instructional cue. The neuron shows typical reward-expectation activity during the initial unrewarded movement trials. This activity disappears when learning advances (bottom graph; original ...
THE PHENOMENON OF ADAPTATION
... result of a series of mechanisms whose workings can be scientifically explained. To discover these workings, and to better understand this phenomenon of adaptation, we need to look in some detail at certain nuts-and-bolts aspects of how the autonomic nervous system responds, in measurable ways, to m ...
... result of a series of mechanisms whose workings can be scientifically explained. To discover these workings, and to better understand this phenomenon of adaptation, we need to look in some detail at certain nuts-and-bolts aspects of how the autonomic nervous system responds, in measurable ways, to m ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... received a reward, and this has been quantified in a more recent study (Berlin et al., 2004). The importance of the failure to rapidly learn about the value of stimuli from negative feedback has also been described as a critical difficulty for patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions (Fellows, 200 ...
... received a reward, and this has been quantified in a more recent study (Berlin et al., 2004). The importance of the failure to rapidly learn about the value of stimuli from negative feedback has also been described as a critical difficulty for patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions (Fellows, 200 ...
Biological constraints limit the use of rapamycin
... (FKBP12) with the FKBP Rapamycin Binding (FRB) domain of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Here, we sought to adapt a rapamycin-inducible phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-specific phosphatase (Inp54p) system to deplete PIP2 in nociceptive dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Results: W ...
... (FKBP12) with the FKBP Rapamycin Binding (FRB) domain of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Here, we sought to adapt a rapamycin-inducible phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-specific phosphatase (Inp54p) system to deplete PIP2 in nociceptive dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Results: W ...
nervous tissue, 030717
... Much of the text material is from, “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology” by Gerald J. Tortora and Bryan Derrickson (2009, 2011, and 2014). I don’t claim authorship. Other sources are noted when they are used. The lecture slides are mapped to the three editions of the textbook based on the color-cod ...
... Much of the text material is from, “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology” by Gerald J. Tortora and Bryan Derrickson (2009, 2011, and 2014). I don’t claim authorship. Other sources are noted when they are used. The lecture slides are mapped to the three editions of the textbook based on the color-cod ...
Bayesian Retrieval In Associative Memories With Storage Errors
... on the possible number of patterns in an upper bound the training set. The bound will decrease if either increased retrieval precision or increased input fault tolerance is required. One popular measure of performance is the ratio between the number of stored pattern components and the number of req ...
... on the possible number of patterns in an upper bound the training set. The bound will decrease if either increased retrieval precision or increased input fault tolerance is required. One popular measure of performance is the ratio between the number of stored pattern components and the number of req ...
Meninges,Cerebrospinal Fluid, and the spinal cord
... Interneurons receiving input from somatic sensory neurons Interneurons receiving input from visceral sensory neurons Visceral motor (autonomic) neurons Somatic motor neurons Figure 12.32 ...
... Interneurons receiving input from somatic sensory neurons Interneurons receiving input from visceral sensory neurons Visceral motor (autonomic) neurons Somatic motor neurons Figure 12.32 ...
Quasi-isometric Representation of Three Dimensional
... Correspondence with the LSM theory • The neural network may be treated as a liquid • The readout function receives only the current state of the liquid and transforms it to an output signal • The system can perform several tasks simultaneously ...
... Correspondence with the LSM theory • The neural network may be treated as a liquid • The readout function receives only the current state of the liquid and transforms it to an output signal • The system can perform several tasks simultaneously ...
Glutamate Receptors Form Hot Spots on Apical Dendrites of
... Purkinje cells have provided evidence that the functional properties of extrasynaptic and synaptic glutamate receptors are similar (Häusser and Roth 1997; Spruston et al. 1995). To functionally map glutamate receptor activation on single neurons, we developed an infrared-guided laser photostimulati ...
... Purkinje cells have provided evidence that the functional properties of extrasynaptic and synaptic glutamate receptors are similar (Häusser and Roth 1997; Spruston et al. 1995). To functionally map glutamate receptor activation on single neurons, we developed an infrared-guided laser photostimulati ...
Peripheric nervous system. Vegetative nervous system
... 1) the first type – efferent cells are large in size, contain short dendrites, their long axons are directed to the organs; 2) the second type – afferent cells have processes of equal length; their long dendrites and axon form synapses with the I and III types of cells in the neughbouring ganglia; 3 ...
... 1) the first type – efferent cells are large in size, contain short dendrites, their long axons are directed to the organs; 2) the second type – afferent cells have processes of equal length; their long dendrites and axon form synapses with the I and III types of cells in the neughbouring ganglia; 3 ...
Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior
... the neuronal firing patterns associated with the correct and error trials were significantly different from each another while holding either the object or the choice factor constant. For example, the trials associated with the toy category were sorted into correct and error trial types (associated ...
... the neuronal firing patterns associated with the correct and error trials were significantly different from each another while holding either the object or the choice factor constant. For example, the trials associated with the toy category were sorted into correct and error trial types (associated ...