PDF - Molecular Brain
... hypothesis was further confirmed by a widespread decrease in levels of Suc, which is an important intermediate product of TCA cycle, thereby indicating the inhibition of TCA cycle. Metabolic changes in Lac and Suc suggest that altered energy metabolism with changes in the TCA cycle is involved in th ...
... hypothesis was further confirmed by a widespread decrease in levels of Suc, which is an important intermediate product of TCA cycle, thereby indicating the inhibition of TCA cycle. Metabolic changes in Lac and Suc suggest that altered energy metabolism with changes in the TCA cycle is involved in th ...
Andrea Kádár
... hypophysiotrophic TRH neurons is their cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) expression as this peptide was not identified in any other TRH-expressing populations of the brain. Although the localization of the hypophysiotropic TRH neurons is precisely determined in rats, limited infor ...
... hypophysiotrophic TRH neurons is their cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) expression as this peptide was not identified in any other TRH-expressing populations of the brain. Although the localization of the hypophysiotropic TRH neurons is precisely determined in rats, limited infor ...
The avian `prefrontal cortex` and cognition - Ruhr-Universität
... mammals and birds is the lack of a laminated cortex within the avian telencephalon. The mammalian cortex, including neo-, archi- and paleocortical components, together with the claustrum and lateral parts of the amygdala, constitutes the forebrain pallium [2]. Pallium, striatum and pallidum make up ...
... mammals and birds is the lack of a laminated cortex within the avian telencephalon. The mammalian cortex, including neo-, archi- and paleocortical components, together with the claustrum and lateral parts of the amygdala, constitutes the forebrain pallium [2]. Pallium, striatum and pallidum make up ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD) to measure fluorescence intensity relative to background (adjacent non-TH region). For each group of wake-active neurons, the total number of nucleated wake neurons on all relevant sections were counted, and the percentage of these neuro ...
... Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD) to measure fluorescence intensity relative to background (adjacent non-TH region). For each group of wake-active neurons, the total number of nucleated wake neurons on all relevant sections were counted, and the percentage of these neuro ...
Leading tonically active neurons of the striatum from reward
... investigating the functional properties of TANs in behaving monkeys have shown that other factors beyond motivation can affect their responsiveness. There is now evidence that TAN responses reflect stimulus detection, movement control and recognition of a specific context, suggesting that these loca ...
... investigating the functional properties of TANs in behaving monkeys have shown that other factors beyond motivation can affect their responsiveness. There is now evidence that TAN responses reflect stimulus detection, movement control and recognition of a specific context, suggesting that these loca ...
Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic
... was entered with a Touhy needle via a small skin incision in the caudal dorsal thorax. A fourpole lead (Octrode lead, Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Plano, TX) was advanced rostrally in the epidural space to the T1-T4 spinal cord level, utilizing anterior-posterior fluoroscopy. The tip of the lea ...
... was entered with a Touhy needle via a small skin incision in the caudal dorsal thorax. A fourpole lead (Octrode lead, Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Plano, TX) was advanced rostrally in the epidural space to the T1-T4 spinal cord level, utilizing anterior-posterior fluoroscopy. The tip of the lea ...
Evidence for a distributed hierarchy of action
... prehension remains an important experimental paradigm for demonstrating how behavior is shaped in anticipation of future motor outcomes. During a reach and grasp, the arm, hand and digits move toward the desired object in a highly structured behavioral pattern, with kinematic features reflecting the ...
... prehension remains an important experimental paradigm for demonstrating how behavior is shaped in anticipation of future motor outcomes. During a reach and grasp, the arm, hand and digits move toward the desired object in a highly structured behavioral pattern, with kinematic features reflecting the ...
1. GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY
... and secretory activity is supported by an independent nervous system imbedded in the wall of the gut. This system is called the enteric nervous system and it extends the length of the GIT starting in the esophagus. The total number of neurons is as large as those found in the spinal cord. The enteri ...
... and secretory activity is supported by an independent nervous system imbedded in the wall of the gut. This system is called the enteric nervous system and it extends the length of the GIT starting in the esophagus. The total number of neurons is as large as those found in the spinal cord. The enteri ...
Striate cortex increases contrast gain of macaque LGN neurons
... function of corticocortical feedback projections and their biophysical model of operation, whether linearly subtractive as in Rao and Ballard’s model or modulatory multiplicative (or divisive).” Thus, even some of the most basic issues concerning the functional role of the corticofugal visual system ...
... function of corticocortical feedback projections and their biophysical model of operation, whether linearly subtractive as in Rao and Ballard’s model or modulatory multiplicative (or divisive).” Thus, even some of the most basic issues concerning the functional role of the corticofugal visual system ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... Sympathetic system - prepares the body for intense activity. Causes an increase in blood pressure, the release of energy-rich sugar into the blood, and the shutting down of activities not related to the body’s preparation to “fight or flee” in response to stress. ...
... Sympathetic system - prepares the body for intense activity. Causes an increase in blood pressure, the release of energy-rich sugar into the blood, and the shutting down of activities not related to the body’s preparation to “fight or flee” in response to stress. ...
fulltext
... motor neurons in the primary motor and premotor cortex and brainstem. The neurons within this loop modulate their activity in anticipation of and during movement, and their effect on upper motor neurons is necessary for the normal course of voluntary movements 4, 5. In the classical model of the bas ...
... motor neurons in the primary motor and premotor cortex and brainstem. The neurons within this loop modulate their activity in anticipation of and during movement, and their effect on upper motor neurons is necessary for the normal course of voluntary movements 4, 5. In the classical model of the bas ...
Modeling the Spread of Infectious Diseases: A Review
... and modeling techniques have been developed with the assumption that there exists a fundamental spatial structure of disease spreading based on which the human and physical geographical world is formed (Lawson 2005; Riley 2007; Keeling and Ross 2008; Waller 2007; Auchincloss et al. 2012). Many of th ...
... and modeling techniques have been developed with the assumption that there exists a fundamental spatial structure of disease spreading based on which the human and physical geographical world is formed (Lawson 2005; Riley 2007; Keeling and Ross 2008; Waller 2007; Auchincloss et al. 2012). Many of th ...
Full Article - CIHR Research Group in Sensory
... the dSC. Data are plotted as the cumulative probability of the differences between the mean response elicited in the Valid condition subtracted from that in the Invalid condition on a neuron-by-neuron basis. The majority of neurons showed stronger responses in the Invalid condition, as indicated by ...
... the dSC. Data are plotted as the cumulative probability of the differences between the mean response elicited in the Valid condition subtracted from that in the Invalid condition on a neuron-by-neuron basis. The majority of neurons showed stronger responses in the Invalid condition, as indicated by ...
Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor
... Figure 2. Graphical representation of the computational interactions between expectation and error units: the interactions depicted here are based on the differential equations describing the neuronal dynamics implied by generalised predictive coding (e.g., Equation 3 in [30]). Note the hierarchical ...
... Figure 2. Graphical representation of the computational interactions between expectation and error units: the interactions depicted here are based on the differential equations describing the neuronal dynamics implied by generalised predictive coding (e.g., Equation 3 in [30]). Note the hierarchical ...
Chap016, Chapter 16: Autonomic Nervous System
... system. The cerebral cortex can utilize the limbic system and the hypothalamus, through its connections with the autonomic nervous system, to express some emotions. When a person experiences anxiety, pleasure, or some other emotion, the cerebral cortex and limbic system can relay action potentials t ...
... system. The cerebral cortex can utilize the limbic system and the hypothalamus, through its connections with the autonomic nervous system, to express some emotions. When a person experiences anxiety, pleasure, or some other emotion, the cerebral cortex and limbic system can relay action potentials t ...
01-Spinal Reflexes Student`s Copy
... is, the greater is the spread of activity in the spinal cord, involving and recruiting more and more other motor neurons . when the sole of the foot is stimulated by a weak painful stimulus, only the big toe is flexed. A stronger stimulus will cause reflex flexion of the big toe , other toes , plus ...
... is, the greater is the spread of activity in the spinal cord, involving and recruiting more and more other motor neurons . when the sole of the foot is stimulated by a weak painful stimulus, only the big toe is flexed. A stronger stimulus will cause reflex flexion of the big toe , other toes , plus ...
21. Basal ganglion
... beneath the thalamus, lying against the medial surface of the internal capsule. It has the appearance of a biconvex lens in coronal section. They pass laterally through the internal capsule forming the subthalamic fasciculus and terminate in both segments of globus pallidus mainly the medial. They a ...
... beneath the thalamus, lying against the medial surface of the internal capsule. It has the appearance of a biconvex lens in coronal section. They pass laterally through the internal capsule forming the subthalamic fasciculus and terminate in both segments of globus pallidus mainly the medial. They a ...
Document
... that knockout of Engrailed using RNA interference alters the way the sensory axons grow, and more interestingly, alters the pattern of inputs onto their synaptic targets, the giant interneurons. Recently, we showed that this alteration in sensory input alters the animal’s perception of posterior win ...
... that knockout of Engrailed using RNA interference alters the way the sensory axons grow, and more interestingly, alters the pattern of inputs onto their synaptic targets, the giant interneurons. Recently, we showed that this alteration in sensory input alters the animal’s perception of posterior win ...
Response Characteristics of Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn Neurons in
... ⬃1–2 mm. The penetration of the laser for the 10-min duration of irradiation is confined to dorsal spinal cord as estimated from the resulting injury. During irradiation, the animal’s temperature was maintained between 37 and 38°C. The wound was then closed in layers and the rats were returned to th ...
... ⬃1–2 mm. The penetration of the laser for the 10-min duration of irradiation is confined to dorsal spinal cord as estimated from the resulting injury. During irradiation, the animal’s temperature was maintained between 37 and 38°C. The wound was then closed in layers and the rats were returned to th ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... Dr. Levene’s lab and our lab each developed versions of this approach that are suitable for chronic, large-scale and simultaneous two-photon imaging in vivo (Andermann et al., 2013). Here, we focus on our lab’s efforts using microprisms to achieve chronic two-photon calcium imaging across all layers ...
... Dr. Levene’s lab and our lab each developed versions of this approach that are suitable for chronic, large-scale and simultaneous two-photon imaging in vivo (Andermann et al., 2013). Here, we focus on our lab’s efforts using microprisms to achieve chronic two-photon calcium imaging across all layers ...