All-Optical Interrogation of Neural Circuits
... sensitivity of ⬃35% per 100 mV in the ArcLight scaffold (Jin et al., 2012), and response times as short as 2 ms in ASAP1 (St-Pierre et al., 2014). A recently introduced variant, Bongwoori (Piao et al., 2015), shows improved speed (8 ms response time) relative to ArcLight and sensitivity comparable t ...
... sensitivity of ⬃35% per 100 mV in the ArcLight scaffold (Jin et al., 2012), and response times as short as 2 ms in ASAP1 (St-Pierre et al., 2014). A recently introduced variant, Bongwoori (Piao et al., 2015), shows improved speed (8 ms response time) relative to ArcLight and sensitivity comparable t ...
Sleep and Arousal
... O/H neurons lost in humans. O/H gene or receptors in mice. O/H neurons active in waking arousal, and needed to inhibit atonia. • In narcolepsy, arousal can activate REM/atonia neurons, if O/H signal is lost. • Which neurons and how? Ch5,6? ...
... O/H neurons lost in humans. O/H gene or receptors in mice. O/H neurons active in waking arousal, and needed to inhibit atonia. • In narcolepsy, arousal can activate REM/atonia neurons, if O/H signal is lost. • Which neurons and how? Ch5,6? ...
The Visual System
... that exploits the brain’s energy metabolism A monkey which had had one eye masked was injected with 3H-labeled 2-deoxy D glucose. This glucose analogue is taken up by cells as if it were glucose, but can’t be metabolized. After a few minutes the animal was sacrificed and the visual cortex sliced for ...
... that exploits the brain’s energy metabolism A monkey which had had one eye masked was injected with 3H-labeled 2-deoxy D glucose. This glucose analogue is taken up by cells as if it were glucose, but can’t be metabolized. After a few minutes the animal was sacrificed and the visual cortex sliced for ...
Neurotransmitter proteins
... 1) What is the function of the nervous system? 2) List the 3 main parts and describe the purpose of the 3 main parts of a neuron. 3) Describe the internal and external environment of a neuron in resting potential. 4) What is a synapse and why is it a problem for neurons? 5) What are the roles of the ...
... 1) What is the function of the nervous system? 2) List the 3 main parts and describe the purpose of the 3 main parts of a neuron. 3) Describe the internal and external environment of a neuron in resting potential. 4) What is a synapse and why is it a problem for neurons? 5) What are the roles of the ...
Document
... and descending branches. These branches travel for a distance of one or two segments of the spinal cord and form the posterolateral tract of Lissauer. ...
... and descending branches. These branches travel for a distance of one or two segments of the spinal cord and form the posterolateral tract of Lissauer. ...
Nervous System - ocw@unimas - Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
... spiraled neuroglia -‐ cells that provide support and nourishment to the neuron. ...
... spiraled neuroglia -‐ cells that provide support and nourishment to the neuron. ...
A temporal trace and SOM-based model of complex cell development
... 2. The model The model described in this paper is inspired by FBoldiCak’s complex cell model [6]. Like FBoldiCak’s model, there are two layers of neurons that are fully connected. The Grst layer contains simple cells, while the other contains the neurons that will develop into complex cells. The net ...
... 2. The model The model described in this paper is inspired by FBoldiCak’s complex cell model [6]. Like FBoldiCak’s model, there are two layers of neurons that are fully connected. The Grst layer contains simple cells, while the other contains the neurons that will develop into complex cells. The net ...
Nervous System
... 1. Nerve Cells (Neurons) are cells that send and receive messages iii. Nerve Cells (Neurons) are found in bundles called Nerves iv. Works similar to an electrical wiring system C. The Brain i. The main organ of the Nervous System ii. Control Center of the body iii. Most messages enter and leave the ...
... 1. Nerve Cells (Neurons) are cells that send and receive messages iii. Nerve Cells (Neurons) are found in bundles called Nerves iv. Works similar to an electrical wiring system C. The Brain i. The main organ of the Nervous System ii. Control Center of the body iii. Most messages enter and leave the ...
optical imaging and control of genetically designated neurons in
... biological mechanisms by which neurons generate and detect electrochemical signals. Encoded in DNA and active only in genetically specified target cells, these proteins provide selective optical interfaces for observing and controlling signaling by defined groups of neurons in functioning circuits, in ...
... biological mechanisms by which neurons generate and detect electrochemical signals. Encoded in DNA and active only in genetically specified target cells, these proteins provide selective optical interfaces for observing and controlling signaling by defined groups of neurons in functioning circuits, in ...
The Visual System: From Eye to Cortex - U
... • Eye movements keep the visual image in continual motion on the retina; the importance of this movement is illustrated by the fact that stabilized retinal images disappear; most visual system neurons respond to change, not to steady input ...
... • Eye movements keep the visual image in continual motion on the retina; the importance of this movement is illustrated by the fact that stabilized retinal images disappear; most visual system neurons respond to change, not to steady input ...
AP – All or nothing
... • What factors affect the speed of conductance of an action potential? • What is the refractory period? • What is meant by the “all or nothing” principle? ...
... • What factors affect the speed of conductance of an action potential? • What is the refractory period? • What is meant by the “all or nothing” principle? ...
11-Jun-15 1 - Winston Knoll Collegiate
... your brain, spinal cord, and a large network of nerves that branch throughout your body. ...
... your brain, spinal cord, and a large network of nerves that branch throughout your body. ...
neuro_pathology
... Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) = infantile motor neuron disease Autosomal recessive, chromosome 5 Most common = Werdnig-Hoffman, death within three years of birth ...
... Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) = infantile motor neuron disease Autosomal recessive, chromosome 5 Most common = Werdnig-Hoffman, death within three years of birth ...
Text S1.
... to remove cytosolic fractions. The pellets were washed once with Buffer C and used as mitochondria enriched fractions. To obtain integral membrane protein, mitochondria enriched fractions were subjected to the carbonate extraction. Shortly, mitochondrial pellets were resuspended in 50 ul of icdcold ...
... to remove cytosolic fractions. The pellets were washed once with Buffer C and used as mitochondria enriched fractions. To obtain integral membrane protein, mitochondria enriched fractions were subjected to the carbonate extraction. Shortly, mitochondrial pellets were resuspended in 50 ul of icdcold ...
Name________________________ Midterm #1 Biology 3330, Fall
... b) What 3 criteria must be satisfied to prove that a chemical is a neurotransmitter? ...
... b) What 3 criteria must be satisfied to prove that a chemical is a neurotransmitter? ...
Psychology 210
... Which way does equilibrium push? What about the charge? Now which way do the ions want to go? Sodium: Which way does equilibrium push? What about the charge? At rest Resting potential -70mV Potassium ________________________________ the membrane Sodium and Chloride ________________ cross the membran ...
... Which way does equilibrium push? What about the charge? Now which way do the ions want to go? Sodium: Which way does equilibrium push? What about the charge? At rest Resting potential -70mV Potassium ________________________________ the membrane Sodium and Chloride ________________ cross the membran ...
visual cortex
... Visual Information Processing Processing of several aspects of the stimulus simultaneously is called parallel processing. The brain divides a visual scene into subdivisions such as color, depth, form and movement etc. Other brain damaged people may demonstrate blind sight by responding to a stimulu ...
... Visual Information Processing Processing of several aspects of the stimulus simultaneously is called parallel processing. The brain divides a visual scene into subdivisions such as color, depth, form and movement etc. Other brain damaged people may demonstrate blind sight by responding to a stimulu ...
BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR
... (hunger, thirst) and emotions such as pleasure, fear, rage, and sexuality c. Amygdala and Hippocampus- two arms surrounding the thalamus, important in how we process and perceive memory and emotion ...
... (hunger, thirst) and emotions such as pleasure, fear, rage, and sexuality c. Amygdala and Hippocampus- two arms surrounding the thalamus, important in how we process and perceive memory and emotion ...
Nervous
... potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane, re-initiating the action potential there. To the left of this region, the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward. ...
... potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane, re-initiating the action potential there. To the left of this region, the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward. ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.