189084_189084 - espace@Curtin
... only important from an anatomical point of view, but would assist interpretations of the many experiments performed in mouse models of Parkinson‟s disease, particularly as there is a selective loss mainly of the ventral A9 neurons in this disease (Ma et al. 1995; Pakkenberg et al. 1991). The observa ...
... only important from an anatomical point of view, but would assist interpretations of the many experiments performed in mouse models of Parkinson‟s disease, particularly as there is a selective loss mainly of the ventral A9 neurons in this disease (Ma et al. 1995; Pakkenberg et al. 1991). The observa ...
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS ON THE LOCATION OF
... The blast cells had highly variable counts. The cortical blast cells tended to have higher individual counts than medullary blast cells. Mature plasma cells had the lowest grain counts of any cell present in the nodes and frequently were unlabelled. B. Nodes from antigenically stimulated rats. When ...
... The blast cells had highly variable counts. The cortical blast cells tended to have higher individual counts than medullary blast cells. Mature plasma cells had the lowest grain counts of any cell present in the nodes and frequently were unlabelled. B. Nodes from antigenically stimulated rats. When ...
NeuroMem Decision Space Mapping
... neuron automatically reduces its influence field to exclude V. All neurons firing with a category different from B do the same and a new neuron is committed to store V as a new prototype with a category B. The influence field of this new neuron is set to the smallest distance of all the firing neuro ...
... neuron automatically reduces its influence field to exclude V. All neurons firing with a category different from B do the same and a new neuron is committed to store V as a new prototype with a category B. The influence field of this new neuron is set to the smallest distance of all the firing neuro ...
Direct and Indirect Activation of Cortical Neurons by Electrical
... al. 1986). These estimates are based on the activation of subcortical fibers. Two groups have studied the currentspread properties of electrical stimulation within neocortex using behavioral methods. Murasugi et al. (1993) studied such properties in extrastriate area MT (middle temporal cortex) and ...
... al. 1986). These estimates are based on the activation of subcortical fibers. Two groups have studied the currentspread properties of electrical stimulation within neocortex using behavioral methods. Murasugi et al. (1993) studied such properties in extrastriate area MT (middle temporal cortex) and ...
PDF file
... Neural modulation addresses how a few particular types of neural transmitters are used by the central nervous system to regulate the development and operations of its circuits in general, and intrinsic motivation in particular. The material in the previous section deals with signal processing in hig ...
... Neural modulation addresses how a few particular types of neural transmitters are used by the central nervous system to regulate the development and operations of its circuits in general, and intrinsic motivation in particular. The material in the previous section deals with signal processing in hig ...
How microglia kill neurons
... IFN-γ) and M2 (induced by IL-4) responses. However, this classification has become too simple for T cells and macrophages (Martinez and Gordon, 2014), and is unlikely to cover the diversity of states of microglia activation which can lead to a large array of stimuli acting via multiple receptors and ...
... IFN-γ) and M2 (induced by IL-4) responses. However, this classification has become too simple for T cells and macrophages (Martinez and Gordon, 2014), and is unlikely to cover the diversity of states of microglia activation which can lead to a large array of stimuli acting via multiple receptors and ...
Chapter 9 Touch, Pain, Taste and Smell
... touch receptors. Instead humans have over 300 receptive types for smell, and other species such as dogs have many more. On the right we see three (green, blue, or yellow) of the many subtypes of olfactory cells. These are randomly distributed in the nasal cavity. Each odor is detected, to different ...
... touch receptors. Instead humans have over 300 receptive types for smell, and other species such as dogs have many more. On the right we see three (green, blue, or yellow) of the many subtypes of olfactory cells. These are randomly distributed in the nasal cavity. Each odor is detected, to different ...
12 Physiology of autonomic nervous system
... Sympathetics innervating sweat glands, blood vessels in skeletal muscle, and piloerection muscles are cholinergic ...
... Sympathetics innervating sweat glands, blood vessels in skeletal muscle, and piloerection muscles are cholinergic ...
Chapter 08: The Chemical Senses
... Olfactory Transduction Odorant receptors • More than 1000 genes in rodents (Linda Buck and Richard Axel) — The largest gene family in mammals — ~350 in human • Genes are scattered (in clusters) about on the genome • Each Olfactory neurons seem to express single odorant receptor gene : choice mechani ...
... Olfactory Transduction Odorant receptors • More than 1000 genes in rodents (Linda Buck and Richard Axel) — The largest gene family in mammals — ~350 in human • Genes are scattered (in clusters) about on the genome • Each Olfactory neurons seem to express single odorant receptor gene : choice mechani ...
PDF file
... General framework on the development of sensory invariance through the top-down abstractions driven by motors. (4) Success in the theory and demonstration in key brain-scale learning mechanisms – via intra-cortical architecture and inter-cortical (i.e., cortico-cortical) wiring. (5) Mathematical opt ...
... General framework on the development of sensory invariance through the top-down abstractions driven by motors. (4) Success in the theory and demonstration in key brain-scale learning mechanisms – via intra-cortical architecture and inter-cortical (i.e., cortico-cortical) wiring. (5) Mathematical opt ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... neurons are in a position to form synapses with 14-55 neurons through their proximal axonal arborisation. This represents between 30% and 100% of the neurons within the volume occupied by the proximal axonal arborisation and between 6 and 24% of the neurons located within the dendritic arborisation ...
... neurons are in a position to form synapses with 14-55 neurons through their proximal axonal arborisation. This represents between 30% and 100% of the neurons within the volume occupied by the proximal axonal arborisation and between 6 and 24% of the neurons located within the dendritic arborisation ...
Synapse Elimination and Remodeling
... Some Observations in the Visual System • 1 eye closed columns “dominated” by input from the other eye. • Evidence that this was based on neuronal activity level and not just visual input per se: Spontaneous activity is silenced by tetrodotoxin competition actually shifts toward the sutured ey ...
... Some Observations in the Visual System • 1 eye closed columns “dominated” by input from the other eye. • Evidence that this was based on neuronal activity level and not just visual input per se: Spontaneous activity is silenced by tetrodotoxin competition actually shifts toward the sutured ey ...
Field effects in the CNS play functional roles
... an extracellular volume resistivity that is approximately ninefold greater than the surrounding medium (Korn and Faber, 1975; Weiss et al., 2008). The axon cap surrounds the M-cell axon hillock and is penetrated by the unmyelinated axons of the feed-forward inhibitory interneurons (Figure 3). Actio ...
... an extracellular volume resistivity that is approximately ninefold greater than the surrounding medium (Korn and Faber, 1975; Weiss et al., 2008). The axon cap surrounds the M-cell axon hillock and is penetrated by the unmyelinated axons of the feed-forward inhibitory interneurons (Figure 3). Actio ...
Temperature Integration at the AC Thermosensory Neurons
... It is now well known that thermoTRP (transient receptor potential) channels in thermosensory neurons detect a variable range of temperature stimuli. However, little is known about how a range of temperature information is relayed and integrated in the neural circuits. Here, we show novel temperature ...
... It is now well known that thermoTRP (transient receptor potential) channels in thermosensory neurons detect a variable range of temperature stimuli. However, little is known about how a range of temperature information is relayed and integrated in the neural circuits. Here, we show novel temperature ...
Document
... sufficiently, it results in a massive change in membrane voltage called an action potential • Action potentials have a constant magnitude, are all-or-none, and transmit signals over long distances • They arise because some ion channels are voltage-gated, opening or closing when the membrane potentia ...
... sufficiently, it results in a massive change in membrane voltage called an action potential • Action potentials have a constant magnitude, are all-or-none, and transmit signals over long distances • They arise because some ion channels are voltage-gated, opening or closing when the membrane potentia ...
Circuit Architecture of VTA Dopamine Neurons Revealed by
... neurons, we used DAT-Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression pattern of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (Bäckman et al., 2006; Lammel et al., 2015), and GAD2Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase-2 (Taniguchi et al., 2011), an enzyme that coverts g ...
... neurons, we used DAT-Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression pattern of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (Bäckman et al., 2006; Lammel et al., 2015), and GAD2Cre mice, in which Cre mimics the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase-2 (Taniguchi et al., 2011), an enzyme that coverts g ...
Retinal ganglion cell synchronization by fixational eye movements
... For the analysis of single-unit activity, we used idealized step-like movement schemes within the range of the movement data because we could control the independent variables better. The occurrence of a spike in single units was correlated significantly with movement steps (Fig. 3a). In some units, ...
... For the analysis of single-unit activity, we used idealized step-like movement schemes within the range of the movement data because we could control the independent variables better. The occurrence of a spike in single units was correlated significantly with movement steps (Fig. 3a). In some units, ...
Histological Rearrangement in the Facial Nerve and Central Nuclei
... z This indicates that most of the restored mimetic muscle innervation is from the hypoglossal nerve whether anastomosis is performed early or late. ...
... z This indicates that most of the restored mimetic muscle innervation is from the hypoglossal nerve whether anastomosis is performed early or late. ...
cerebral cortex - krigolson teaching
... cal neurons. Thalamic nuclei play the role of a relay, transmitting information from peripheral afferents, the cerebellum, and the basal ganglia. Thalamic inputs make synaptic connections mostly in layer 4, which contains many stellate cells with vertically oriented dendrites that make synapses on p ...
... cal neurons. Thalamic nuclei play the role of a relay, transmitting information from peripheral afferents, the cerebellum, and the basal ganglia. Thalamic inputs make synaptic connections mostly in layer 4, which contains many stellate cells with vertically oriented dendrites that make synapses on p ...
OverviewCerebellum
... the phase of the eye movement with respect to the vestibular stimulation; for the eyeblink it controls the time of the eyeblink with respect to the tone. The cerebellum can change this temporal relation. Many, but not all, neuroscientists believe that this form of learning is based on P cell plastic ...
... the phase of the eye movement with respect to the vestibular stimulation; for the eyeblink it controls the time of the eyeblink with respect to the tone. The cerebellum can change this temporal relation. Many, but not all, neuroscientists believe that this form of learning is based on P cell plastic ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.