The Nervous System - Division of Social Sciences
... ◦ A neuron with one process attached to its soma; the process divides, with one branch receiving sensory information and the other sending the information into the central nervous system. ...
... ◦ A neuron with one process attached to its soma; the process divides, with one branch receiving sensory information and the other sending the information into the central nervous system. ...
2320lecture22
... Neural Correlates of Selection • Results: Neurons in visual system respond vigorously to certain stimuli but are then sharply suppressed if a different stimulus is selected by attention • Interpretation: this selection might be a neural correlate of the perceptual suppression of unattended informat ...
... Neural Correlates of Selection • Results: Neurons in visual system respond vigorously to certain stimuli but are then sharply suppressed if a different stimulus is selected by attention • Interpretation: this selection might be a neural correlate of the perceptual suppression of unattended informat ...
The columnar organization of the neocortex
... The modular organization of nervous systems is a widely documented principle of design for both vertebrate and invertebrate brains of which the columnar organization of the neocortex is an example. The classical cytoarchitectural areas of the neocortex are composed of smaller units, local neural cir ...
... The modular organization of nervous systems is a widely documented principle of design for both vertebrate and invertebrate brains of which the columnar organization of the neocortex is an example. The classical cytoarchitectural areas of the neocortex are composed of smaller units, local neural cir ...
Electrical Synapses in the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... There are also hints that TRN neurons may communicate using mechanisms other than GABAergic chemical synapses. The dendrites of TRN cells often bundle tightly together (Scheibel and Scheibel, 1966; Steriade et al., 1997), and puncta adherentia, which are small, specialized intercellular junctions, s ...
... There are also hints that TRN neurons may communicate using mechanisms other than GABAergic chemical synapses. The dendrites of TRN cells often bundle tightly together (Scheibel and Scheibel, 1966; Steriade et al., 1997), and puncta adherentia, which are small, specialized intercellular junctions, s ...
A Distinct Class of Antibodies May Be an Indicator of Gray Matter
... these AGSþ rhAbs from MS patients, we hypothesized that the AGSþ rhAbs were binding to either neurons or astrocytes in the cortex. Therefore, IFC colocalization experiments were performed on a subset of AGSþ rhAbs that demonstrated strong binding by DAB (Figures 1 and 2). NeuN was utilized as a mark ...
... these AGSþ rhAbs from MS patients, we hypothesized that the AGSþ rhAbs were binding to either neurons or astrocytes in the cortex. Therefore, IFC colocalization experiments were performed on a subset of AGSþ rhAbs that demonstrated strong binding by DAB (Figures 1 and 2). NeuN was utilized as a mark ...
How MT cells analyze the motion of visual patterns
... distribution of the pattern index is unimodal (Fig. 2b), suggesting that, by this measure, MT cells form a single heterogeneous population. The cascade model To investigate the computation of component and pattern selectivity in MT cells, we fit a relative of a previously published model3 to the res ...
... distribution of the pattern index is unimodal (Fig. 2b), suggesting that, by this measure, MT cells form a single heterogeneous population. The cascade model To investigate the computation of component and pattern selectivity in MT cells, we fit a relative of a previously published model3 to the res ...
Learning receptive fields using predictive feedback
... fields when exposed to natural images. Here, we use predictive feedback to explain tuning properties in medial superior temporal area (MST). We implement the hypothesis using a new, biologically plausible, algorithm based on matching pursuit, which retains all the features of the previous implementat ...
... fields when exposed to natural images. Here, we use predictive feedback to explain tuning properties in medial superior temporal area (MST). We implement the hypothesis using a new, biologically plausible, algorithm based on matching pursuit, which retains all the features of the previous implementat ...
Chapter 49 and 50 Presentations-Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
... control which you have over whole muscles. There are two basic ways in which graded muscle contractions are controlled by the nervous system. 1. By varying the number of muscle fibers that contract. 2. By varying the rate at which the fibers are ...
... control which you have over whole muscles. There are two basic ways in which graded muscle contractions are controlled by the nervous system. 1. By varying the number of muscle fibers that contract. 2. By varying the rate at which the fibers are ...
primary motor Cortex
... Voltage-gated ion channels open and close in response to changes in membrane potential. Initially, a stimulus will cause the membrane to depolarize toward threshold. When this occurs, voltage-gated Na+ channels begin to open. As a result, Na+ ions enter the cell down their concentration and electri ...
... Voltage-gated ion channels open and close in response to changes in membrane potential. Initially, a stimulus will cause the membrane to depolarize toward threshold. When this occurs, voltage-gated Na+ channels begin to open. As a result, Na+ ions enter the cell down their concentration and electri ...
Quantitative morphological changes in neurons from the dorsal
... encouraged great advances and diversification in neurobiological methodologies, which are applicable not only to humans but to other animal species. Given the difficulty of carrying out this type of research on humans, laboratory animals are used. Among these, rodents present many advantages (Masoro ...
... encouraged great advances and diversification in neurobiological methodologies, which are applicable not only to humans but to other animal species. Given the difficulty of carrying out this type of research on humans, laboratory animals are used. Among these, rodents present many advantages (Masoro ...
Neural Networks – State of Art, Brief History, Basic Models and
... (weights), which constitute the neural structure and are organized in layers. The power of neural computations comes from connecting neurons in a network. Each PE has weighted inputs, transfer function and one output. The behavior of a neural network is determined by the transfer functions of its ne ...
... (weights), which constitute the neural structure and are organized in layers. The power of neural computations comes from connecting neurons in a network. Each PE has weighted inputs, transfer function and one output. The behavior of a neural network is determined by the transfer functions of its ne ...
Life span chapter 3-1 File
... principle of the independence of systems. The development of the nervous system first entails the development of billions of neurons and interconnections among them. Later, the numbers of both neurons and connections decrease as a result of the infant’s experiences. ...
... principle of the independence of systems. The development of the nervous system first entails the development of billions of neurons and interconnections among them. Later, the numbers of both neurons and connections decrease as a result of the infant’s experiences. ...
Douglas B. Webster and Molly Webster
... The N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is an ionotropic receptor for glutamate. Activation of NMDA receptors results in the opening of an ion channel that allows flow of Na+ and small amounts of Ca2+ ions into the cell and K+ out of the cell. The AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr ...
... The N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is an ionotropic receptor for glutamate. Activation of NMDA receptors results in the opening of an ion channel that allows flow of Na+ and small amounts of Ca2+ ions into the cell and K+ out of the cell. The AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepr ...
TriStar² LB 942 - Berthold Technologies USA
... Precise mechanics and the intrinsic stability of photon counting technology guarantee unrivalled repeatability of measurements. The instrument´s performance is stable over years. Time-consuming daily calibration is thus unnecessary and you can concentrate on other and ...
... Precise mechanics and the intrinsic stability of photon counting technology guarantee unrivalled repeatability of measurements. The instrument´s performance is stable over years. Time-consuming daily calibration is thus unnecessary and you can concentrate on other and ...
Single Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons Form Widely Spread
... The axonal arbors of single nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons were visualized with a viral vector expressing membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein in rat brain. All eight reconstructed tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neurons possessed widely spread and highly dense axonal arborizat ...
... The axonal arbors of single nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons were visualized with a viral vector expressing membrane-targeted green fluorescent protein in rat brain. All eight reconstructed tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neurons possessed widely spread and highly dense axonal arborizat ...
Genetic Diversity of Principal Neurons in the Hippocampus
... information about individual neurons can be obtained if all of them are labeled. This has led to efforts to analyze smaller subsets of neuronal populations. The first successful method was discovered by Camillo Golgi in the 19th century. The Golgi staining can label a small population of neurons and ...
... information about individual neurons can be obtained if all of them are labeled. This has led to efforts to analyze smaller subsets of neuronal populations. The first successful method was discovered by Camillo Golgi in the 19th century. The Golgi staining can label a small population of neurons and ...
11. The front-end visual system - LGN and cortex
... cortical levels such as V1, and only about 15-20% is from retinal input (reviewed in [Guillery1969a, Guillery1969b, Guillery1971])! It is not known what exact purpose these feedback loops have and how these retrograde (i.e. backwards running) corticofugal (i.e. fleeing from the cortex) projections a ...
... cortical levels such as V1, and only about 15-20% is from retinal input (reviewed in [Guillery1969a, Guillery1969b, Guillery1971])! It is not known what exact purpose these feedback loops have and how these retrograde (i.e. backwards running) corticofugal (i.e. fleeing from the cortex) projections a ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.