Neurons
... • Provide supportive functions for neurons • Cover nonsynaptic regions of the neurons ...
... • Provide supportive functions for neurons • Cover nonsynaptic regions of the neurons ...
Neuronal Birthdate-Specific Gene Transfer with Adenoviral Vectors
... Progenitor cells show altered patterns of gene expression over time (Frantz et al., 1994; Burrows et al., 1997). This suggests that the progenitor cells are intrinsically different at each neuronal birthdate. Their intrinsic changes appear to regulate their commitment to specific laminar phenotypes, ...
... Progenitor cells show altered patterns of gene expression over time (Frantz et al., 1994; Burrows et al., 1997). This suggests that the progenitor cells are intrinsically different at each neuronal birthdate. Their intrinsic changes appear to regulate their commitment to specific laminar phenotypes, ...
Neurons in red nucleus and primary motor cortex exhibit similar
... function (Gribble and Scott, 2002). This method characterizes the ‘‘mass distribution’’ of torque-related activity by assuming that activity changes linearly between sampled torque directions and that torque magnitude is equal for each torque direction. To use this method, the lowest activity across ...
... function (Gribble and Scott, 2002). This method characterizes the ‘‘mass distribution’’ of torque-related activity by assuming that activity changes linearly between sampled torque directions and that torque magnitude is equal for each torque direction. To use this method, the lowest activity across ...
Neuronsderivedfromradialglialcells establish radial units in neocortex
... a small cluster of additional cells (3.7 6 0.52 cells per clone), all in contact with the radial process (Fig. 1B). It is therefore unlikely that we are mistakenly combining separate glial and neuronal clones. To con®rm that clones included both neurons and glia, we used immunolabelling with cell-ty ...
... a small cluster of additional cells (3.7 6 0.52 cells per clone), all in contact with the radial process (Fig. 1B). It is therefore unlikely that we are mistakenly combining separate glial and neuronal clones. To con®rm that clones included both neurons and glia, we used immunolabelling with cell-ty ...
1 The Brain and Behavior
... notion that there was no soul, that all mental processes could be reduced to actions within different regions in the brain! The aggregate-field view was first seriously challenged in the mid-nineteenth century by the British neurologist J. Hughlings Jackson. In his studies of focal epilepsy, a disea ...
... notion that there was no soul, that all mental processes could be reduced to actions within different regions in the brain! The aggregate-field view was first seriously challenged in the mid-nineteenth century by the British neurologist J. Hughlings Jackson. In his studies of focal epilepsy, a disea ...
Document
... 2. K+ channels open, K+ diffuses outward; Na+ channels are closed and inactivated 3. Membrane returns to resting potential ...
... 2. K+ channels open, K+ diffuses outward; Na+ channels are closed and inactivated 3. Membrane returns to resting potential ...
Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey
... distress or illness included changes in body weight, grooming habits, and water intake, and these ...
... distress or illness included changes in body weight, grooming habits, and water intake, and these ...
SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
... was intoxicated at the time of the event is not an uncommon scenario in those cases that come to the medical examiners or coroner’s office. Whether alcohol directly affects vascular wall integrity is not known. However, it has been shown that red wine strongly inhibits the synthesis of endothelin-1, ...
... was intoxicated at the time of the event is not an uncommon scenario in those cases that come to the medical examiners or coroner’s office. Whether alcohol directly affects vascular wall integrity is not known. However, it has been shown that red wine strongly inhibits the synthesis of endothelin-1, ...
Amo, Neuron, 2014
... fish stays in the same compartment as the red light cue is presented as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and receives electrical shock as a negative reward (R). During this period, the reward expectation value (V) gradually changes from 0 to R ultimately, and the fish eventually learns to associate t ...
... fish stays in the same compartment as the red light cue is presented as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and receives electrical shock as a negative reward (R). During this period, the reward expectation value (V) gradually changes from 0 to R ultimately, and the fish eventually learns to associate t ...
Cerebellum Learning objectives At the end of this lecture, the
... Located dorsal to the pons and medulla Makes up 11% of the brain’s mass Cerebellar activity occurs subconsciously Provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction Programming ballistic movements Acts as comparator for movements Correction of ongoing movements Motor lea ...
... Located dorsal to the pons and medulla Makes up 11% of the brain’s mass Cerebellar activity occurs subconsciously Provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction Programming ballistic movements Acts as comparator for movements Correction of ongoing movements Motor lea ...
basal ganglia
... Vesalius (Andreas van Wesel, 1514-1564) with a rather accurate view of the basal ganglia. Bundles of white matter (E), corresponding roughly to internal capsule, are shown separating masses of grey matter (D), the lower medial one corresponding to the thalamus and the upper lateral one to the putame ...
... Vesalius (Andreas van Wesel, 1514-1564) with a rather accurate view of the basal ganglia. Bundles of white matter (E), corresponding roughly to internal capsule, are shown separating masses of grey matter (D), the lower medial one corresponding to the thalamus and the upper lateral one to the putame ...
Anatomy Lecture 3 Descending Motor Tracts In the last lecture the
... legs) depending on the number of fibers affected; the more fibers affected by the stroke, themore it shifts towards paralysis. - We said before that the corticospinal tract mainly synapses with alpha and gamma through interneurons, however some of the fibers will synapse with alpha and gamma directl ...
... legs) depending on the number of fibers affected; the more fibers affected by the stroke, themore it shifts towards paralysis. - We said before that the corticospinal tract mainly synapses with alpha and gamma through interneurons, however some of the fibers will synapse with alpha and gamma directl ...
Poster
... hyperpolarization of the cell. Oguchi disease is caused by mutations in rhodopsin kinase which prevent the phosphorylation of rhodopsin, lowering rhodopsin’s affinity for arrestin. This reduced ability to bind arrestin decreases the speed in which rhodopsin is deactivated and prepped to reactivate. ...
... hyperpolarization of the cell. Oguchi disease is caused by mutations in rhodopsin kinase which prevent the phosphorylation of rhodopsin, lowering rhodopsin’s affinity for arrestin. This reduced ability to bind arrestin decreases the speed in which rhodopsin is deactivated and prepped to reactivate. ...
The Neurobiology of Cricket Song
... the cells become physiologically mature and what kind of electrical activity do they exhibit before reaching maturity? When are the functional connections that coordinate activity of the cells es tablished? Is the network assembled be fore or after the cricket becomes an adult? If it is after, doe ...
... the cells become physiologically mature and what kind of electrical activity do they exhibit before reaching maturity? When are the functional connections that coordinate activity of the cells es tablished? Is the network assembled be fore or after the cricket becomes an adult? If it is after, doe ...
Title - HAL
... al.,1997), we have chosen an approach also dealing with metrical parameters of the three neuronal types. However, not all metrical aspects were taken into account because we did not consider diameter-linked parameters or those characterizing the dendritic spatial occupancy, which has been extensivel ...
... al.,1997), we have chosen an approach also dealing with metrical parameters of the three neuronal types. However, not all metrical aspects were taken into account because we did not consider diameter-linked parameters or those characterizing the dendritic spatial occupancy, which has been extensivel ...
Collateral projections from the median raphe nucleus to the medial
... diagonal band nucleus (MS/DBv) and lateral aspects of the lateral septum, while those to the hippocampal formation (HF) predominantly distribute to stratum lacunosum-molecular of Ammon’s horn, and to the granule cell layer and immediately adjacent inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG). An ...
... diagonal band nucleus (MS/DBv) and lateral aspects of the lateral septum, while those to the hippocampal formation (HF) predominantly distribute to stratum lacunosum-molecular of Ammon’s horn, and to the granule cell layer and immediately adjacent inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG). An ...
View Paper - Dundee Life Sciences
... time gets longer as development proceeds in many neuroepithelia, including the spinal cord (Kauffman, 1968), it has yet to be established whether this is a specific characteristic of all neurongenerating divisions. Here we have developed a novel long-term time-lapse imaging assay to monitor single c ...
... time gets longer as development proceeds in many neuroepithelia, including the spinal cord (Kauffman, 1968), it has yet to be established whether this is a specific characteristic of all neurongenerating divisions. Here we have developed a novel long-term time-lapse imaging assay to monitor single c ...
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical
... & Department of Molecular & Cell Biology (LSA #3200), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA interstitial neurons of the adult subcortical white matter (Valverde and Facal-Valverde, 1988; Chun and Shatz, 1989b; Kostovic and Rakic, 1990; Meyer etal, 1992). The subplate is a region thr ...
... & Department of Molecular & Cell Biology (LSA #3200), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA interstitial neurons of the adult subcortical white matter (Valverde and Facal-Valverde, 1988; Chun and Shatz, 1989b; Kostovic and Rakic, 1990; Meyer etal, 1992). The subplate is a region thr ...
Hypothalamic pathways linking energy balance and reproduction
... systemic insulin therapy (1, 80). High numbers of IRs are also found on POMC/CART neurons (9). Interestingly, no obvious metabolic or reproductive phenotype was seen in mice lacking IRs only in POMC neurons (59). Although LepRs are expressed in many hypothalamic nuclei (34, 36, 65), significant atte ...
... systemic insulin therapy (1, 80). High numbers of IRs are also found on POMC/CART neurons (9). Interestingly, no obvious metabolic or reproductive phenotype was seen in mice lacking IRs only in POMC neurons (59). Although LepRs are expressed in many hypothalamic nuclei (34, 36, 65), significant atte ...
Orexin (Hypocretin)-Like Immunoreactivity in the Cat Hypothalamus
... identified an autosomal recessive mutation in the well-established canine model of narcolepsy; it was reported that this mutation caused the disruption of the OX2R. At the same time, using gene knockout techniques, Chemelli et al.21 found that mice lack- ...
... identified an autosomal recessive mutation in the well-established canine model of narcolepsy; it was reported that this mutation caused the disruption of the OX2R. At the same time, using gene knockout techniques, Chemelli et al.21 found that mice lack- ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... somatosensory cortex, distinguished by expression of the activity-dependent fosGFP reporter gene, would be preferentially activated by whisker stimulation. In fact, two-photon targeted, dual whole-cell recordings showed that principal whisker stimulation elicits similar amplitude synaptic responses ...
... somatosensory cortex, distinguished by expression of the activity-dependent fosGFP reporter gene, would be preferentially activated by whisker stimulation. In fact, two-photon targeted, dual whole-cell recordings showed that principal whisker stimulation elicits similar amplitude synaptic responses ...
Stimulus-Dependent Synchronization of Neuronal Responses in the
... preferences for particular features of visual stimuli, but in general, the tuning is broad. Thus, even simple stimuli evoke responses in numerous neurons with differing but overlapping feature preferences, and it is commonly held that a particular feature is encoded in the pattern of graded response ...
... preferences for particular features of visual stimuli, but in general, the tuning is broad. Thus, even simple stimuli evoke responses in numerous neurons with differing but overlapping feature preferences, and it is commonly held that a particular feature is encoded in the pattern of graded response ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.