Chapter 2 figures 2.7 to 2.12
... Figure 2.7. Number of neural impulses in selected single cells of the monkey brain when shown differing pictures. These neurons fire the most when a face is present (Washmuth et al. 1994). ...
... Figure 2.7. Number of neural impulses in selected single cells of the monkey brain when shown differing pictures. These neurons fire the most when a face is present (Washmuth et al. 1994). ...
Neurons of human nucleus accumbens
... brain plasticity and synaptic connectivity 4, 5. Recent tracing and histochemical studies provide enough evidence to consider that the medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens have the specific role of striatum relation with its connectivity pattern 6. Nucleus accumbens has the key role in rewa ...
... brain plasticity and synaptic connectivity 4, 5. Recent tracing and histochemical studies provide enough evidence to consider that the medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens have the specific role of striatum relation with its connectivity pattern 6. Nucleus accumbens has the key role in rewa ...
Human Nervous System
... Reflex Arc - pathway over which impulses travel in a reflex interneuron ...
... Reflex Arc - pathway over which impulses travel in a reflex interneuron ...
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM - Fox Valley Lutheran High School
... Not an electric current; it’s a wave of depolarization and repolarization passing along a neuron. Much slower than an electric current. (10cm to 1m/sec.) The strength of an impulse is always the same. ...
... Not an electric current; it’s a wave of depolarization and repolarization passing along a neuron. Much slower than an electric current. (10cm to 1m/sec.) The strength of an impulse is always the same. ...
The Nervous System
... Convergent circuits = messages from several neurons come together at a single neuron; permits integration of information from several sources Divergent circuits = messages from a single neuron spreads out to several neurons; permits transmission of information from several sources Reverberatin ...
... Convergent circuits = messages from several neurons come together at a single neuron; permits integration of information from several sources Divergent circuits = messages from a single neuron spreads out to several neurons; permits transmission of information from several sources Reverberatin ...
Chapter 4
... electrical impulse from one end of cell to other (neurotransmission) -Electrical signals within neurons are converted at synapse into chemical signals through release of molecules called neurotransmitters, which elicit electrical signals on other side of synapse, which enable information processing ...
... electrical impulse from one end of cell to other (neurotransmission) -Electrical signals within neurons are converted at synapse into chemical signals through release of molecules called neurotransmitters, which elicit electrical signals on other side of synapse, which enable information processing ...
chapter 11-nerve tissue
... myelinated neurons. d. Structural Classification of Neurons-based on the number of processes extending from the cell body. 1) Multipolar Neurons-have several dendrites and one axon. These are common in the brain and spinal cord. 2) Bipolar Neurons-have one dendrite and one axon extending from the ce ...
... myelinated neurons. d. Structural Classification of Neurons-based on the number of processes extending from the cell body. 1) Multipolar Neurons-have several dendrites and one axon. These are common in the brain and spinal cord. 2) Bipolar Neurons-have one dendrite and one axon extending from the ce ...
Chapter 17
... bv to kidneys and GI constrict blood flow there & urine output bv to skeletal, cardiac muscle dilate glycogenolysis & lipolysis by liver; blood glucose Processes not essential to stress response slow or stop ...
... bv to kidneys and GI constrict blood flow there & urine output bv to skeletal, cardiac muscle dilate glycogenolysis & lipolysis by liver; blood glucose Processes not essential to stress response slow or stop ...
Peripheral Nervous System
... Molecular Basis of Action Potential – transmission of a signal along an axon Sodium channels open once threshold is reached, influx of sodium ...
... Molecular Basis of Action Potential – transmission of a signal along an axon Sodium channels open once threshold is reached, influx of sodium ...
Chapter 2
... – Outside the Axon= positive ions – Inside the Axon= negative ions – Even positive and negative= resting potential, which acts like a gate . – Depolarization= unfreezes or ungates the axon allowing the message to go through – Refractory period= resting period, when extra atoms are pushed out – Some ...
... – Outside the Axon= positive ions – Inside the Axon= negative ions – Even positive and negative= resting potential, which acts like a gate . – Depolarization= unfreezes or ungates the axon allowing the message to go through – Refractory period= resting period, when extra atoms are pushed out – Some ...
The Biological Perspective
... enough to fit into the receptor site without actually stimulating the cell This blocks acetylcholine from its receptor sites causing ...
... enough to fit into the receptor site without actually stimulating the cell This blocks acetylcholine from its receptor sites causing ...
Control of Motor Movement
... Important clinically, exaggerated or absence of reflex responses may indicate neurological problems ...
... Important clinically, exaggerated or absence of reflex responses may indicate neurological problems ...
Chapter 3
... 2. motor neurons – send information from brain to parts of body 3. interneurons – intermediaries between motor and sensory neurons; receive and send information b. parts of the neuron (diagram p. 48) c. glial cells – hold neurons in place; care and feeding of neurons ...
... 2. motor neurons – send information from brain to parts of body 3. interneurons – intermediaries between motor and sensory neurons; receive and send information b. parts of the neuron (diagram p. 48) c. glial cells – hold neurons in place; care and feeding of neurons ...
Ch. 3 S. 1
... Consists of the neurons of the spinal cord and the brain. The _____________________ extends from the brain down the back. It is a column of nerves about as thick as a ______________, and it is protected by the bones of the spine. It transmits messages between the brain and the muscles and the ______ ...
... Consists of the neurons of the spinal cord and the brain. The _____________________ extends from the brain down the back. It is a column of nerves about as thick as a ______________, and it is protected by the bones of the spine. It transmits messages between the brain and the muscles and the ______ ...
Functional Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System
... Nodes of Ranvier – gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon ...
... Nodes of Ranvier – gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon ...
Nervous System
... Transmission is carried out by molecules called neurotransmitters. These are stored in vesicles in the axon terminals. Impulse reaches terminal opens calcium channels Calcium enters the terminal vesicles move toward membrane for exocytosis neurotransmitters are released and diffuse through sy ...
... Transmission is carried out by molecules called neurotransmitters. These are stored in vesicles in the axon terminals. Impulse reaches terminal opens calcium channels Calcium enters the terminal vesicles move toward membrane for exocytosis neurotransmitters are released and diffuse through sy ...
BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR
... Deteriorates with Alzheimers. • Dopamine – bodily movements – lack of causes Parkinson’s disease. Too much may cause schizophrenic episodes. • Endorphins: relieve pain and increase our sense of well-being. • Serotonin: our feel good NT ...
... Deteriorates with Alzheimers. • Dopamine – bodily movements – lack of causes Parkinson’s disease. Too much may cause schizophrenic episodes. • Endorphins: relieve pain and increase our sense of well-being. • Serotonin: our feel good NT ...
Endocrine and nervous system
... • E. Identify the 7 parts of the neuron and summarize how impulses begin and continue. • F. Summarize the relationship between the nervous system parts. ...
... • E. Identify the 7 parts of the neuron and summarize how impulses begin and continue. • F. Summarize the relationship between the nervous system parts. ...
The Nervous System
... activities such as heart rate and breathing – Pons and midbrain act as pathways connecting various part of the brain with each other. ...
... activities such as heart rate and breathing – Pons and midbrain act as pathways connecting various part of the brain with each other. ...
A Neuron Play - Web Adventures
... potential is initiated. Furthermore, the magnitude of the action potential of a specific neuron is always the same. Neurons are separated by a gap (synapse) that the action potential cannot cross. Once the action potential reaches the end of an axon (its terminal), it stimulates the release of chemi ...
... potential is initiated. Furthermore, the magnitude of the action potential of a specific neuron is always the same. Neurons are separated by a gap (synapse) that the action potential cannot cross. Once the action potential reaches the end of an axon (its terminal), it stimulates the release of chemi ...
The Nervous System
... activities such as heart rate and breathing – Pons and midbrain act as pathways connecting various part of the brain with each other. ...
... activities such as heart rate and breathing – Pons and midbrain act as pathways connecting various part of the brain with each other. ...
Ca 2+
... upon use of a synapse Plasticity of synaptic connections underlies the complex information processing of the CNS Plasticity occurs on time scales of milliseconds to years Nature uses all possible mechanisms, to achieve a finely tuned regulation of synaptic transmission When we study synaptic transmi ...
... upon use of a synapse Plasticity of synaptic connections underlies the complex information processing of the CNS Plasticity occurs on time scales of milliseconds to years Nature uses all possible mechanisms, to achieve a finely tuned regulation of synaptic transmission When we study synaptic transmi ...
Brainsignals, Synaptic Transmission and Short
... upon use of a synapse Plasticity of synaptic connections underlies the complex information processing of the CNS Plasticity occurs on time scales of milliseconds to years Nature uses all possible mechanisms, to achieve a finely tuned regulation of synaptic transmission When we study synaptic transmi ...
... upon use of a synapse Plasticity of synaptic connections underlies the complex information processing of the CNS Plasticity occurs on time scales of milliseconds to years Nature uses all possible mechanisms, to achieve a finely tuned regulation of synaptic transmission When we study synaptic transmi ...
Function
... rich in dopamine and serotonin neurons part of two major dopamine pathways: the mesolimbic pathway - connects the VTA and the nucleus accumbens the mesocortical pathway - connects the VTA to cortical areas in the frontal lobes Function ...
... rich in dopamine and serotonin neurons part of two major dopamine pathways: the mesolimbic pathway - connects the VTA and the nucleus accumbens the mesocortical pathway - connects the VTA to cortical areas in the frontal lobes Function ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.