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Methods S2.
Methods S2.

... Neurons of a MLP are organized in layers, so that all neurons of a layer receive inputs from neurons in the previous layer and provide inputs to the neurons of the next layer. The connections among neurons are represented by weighted “synapses”: each synapse connects the output of a neuron in a laye ...
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... Released from the plasma membrane of the presynaptic cell. Then binds to receptor proteins on the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic cell. A unidirectional flow of information and ...
Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley&O'Loughlin
Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley&O'Loughlin

... Glial cells are smaller and capable of mitosis. Glial cells do not transmit nerve impulses. Glial cells physically protect and help nourish neurons, and provide an organized, supporting framework for all the nervous tissue. Glial cells far outnumber neurons. Glial cells account for roughly half the ...
Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley&O'Loughlin
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... Released from the plasma membrane of the presynaptic cell. Then binds to receptor proteins on the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic cell. A unidirectional flow of information and ...
Neural Pascal
Neural Pascal

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functional nervous system power point

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... Emotional and behavioral changes are associated with amygdala (MRI shows different activity level when different emotions are elicited by pictures); memories change are associated with hippocampal formation and the circuit of Papez. • Animal studies indicated that bilateral removal of hippocampal fo ...
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Neuroplasticity - Bakersfield College

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Slides from Discussion section VI 11/15/2004 (Elissa

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Nervous System Notes File
Nervous System Notes File

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Synaptic gating



Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.
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