초록리스트
... to a variety of motor- and learning-related behavior by integrating multimodal afferent inputs and taking up the sole output of the cerebellar cortex. PCs are known to generate high-frequency action potentials. The pattern and rate of firing are under the control of both synaptic input and intrinsic ...
... to a variety of motor- and learning-related behavior by integrating multimodal afferent inputs and taking up the sole output of the cerebellar cortex. PCs are known to generate high-frequency action potentials. The pattern and rate of firing are under the control of both synaptic input and intrinsic ...
here - WPI
... The next step of this process occurs when this type of voltage change reaches the end of an axon, prompting the release of neurotransmitters. These chemicals, which act as the brain’s messengers, travel from their point of release at nerve terminals across the synapse. When they reach another cell, ...
... The next step of this process occurs when this type of voltage change reaches the end of an axon, prompting the release of neurotransmitters. These chemicals, which act as the brain’s messengers, travel from their point of release at nerve terminals across the synapse. When they reach another cell, ...
Nervous System
... nervous system? • What are the 3 major organs in the nervous system? • Which part of the brain controls thought? • Which part of the nervous system control arms and legs? ...
... nervous system? • What are the 3 major organs in the nervous system? • Which part of the brain controls thought? • Which part of the nervous system control arms and legs? ...
Chapter 2 Review Notes
... Research indicates that some neural tissue can reorganize in response to injury or damage. When one brain area is damaged, others may in time take over some of its function. For example, if you lose a finger, the sensory cortex that received its input will begin to receive input from the adjacent fi ...
... Research indicates that some neural tissue can reorganize in response to injury or damage. When one brain area is damaged, others may in time take over some of its function. For example, if you lose a finger, the sensory cortex that received its input will begin to receive input from the adjacent fi ...
Using the State-Space Paradigm to Analyze Information Representation in Neural Systems
... dynamic and stochastic. Even though the signal is often continuous, its representation in the nervous systems is as a high-dimensional point process time-series. Because neural spike trains are point processes, standard signal processing techniques for continuous-valued data will have limited utilit ...
... dynamic and stochastic. Even though the signal is often continuous, its representation in the nervous systems is as a high-dimensional point process time-series. Because neural spike trains are point processes, standard signal processing techniques for continuous-valued data will have limited utilit ...
Neural Cognitive Modelling: A Biologically Constrained Spiking
... Routing actions indicate that information should be sent from one cortical area to another. These are implemented by having a neural group that takes input from the first group and passes it on to the second (both connections computed using Eq. 3 where M is the identity matrix). We then add a group ...
... Routing actions indicate that information should be sent from one cortical area to another. These are implemented by having a neural group that takes input from the first group and passes it on to the second (both connections computed using Eq. 3 where M is the identity matrix). We then add a group ...
Chapter 11 The Nervous System
... plasma membranes. – The electrical potential across the membrane is known as the membrane potential or resting potential. – When a nerve cell is stimulated, its plasma membrane increases its permeability to sodium ions. – Sodium ions rush in, causing depolarization down the membrane. – Depolarizatio ...
... plasma membranes. – The electrical potential across the membrane is known as the membrane potential or resting potential. – When a nerve cell is stimulated, its plasma membrane increases its permeability to sodium ions. – Sodium ions rush in, causing depolarization down the membrane. – Depolarizatio ...
Inside the BRAIN: Neurons and Neural Networks
... • Different levels of reference – Model specific circuits with known functions • gastro-intestinal circuit of a lobster-- 40 cells ...
... • Different levels of reference – Model specific circuits with known functions • gastro-intestinal circuit of a lobster-- 40 cells ...
Extended Liquid Computing in Networks of Spiking Neurons
... Based on the hypothesis that the spiking activity of a single neuron is the key element of information processing within the brain, artificial neural networks have been introduced in order to simulate and understand larger neural structures. They essentially consist of a population of non-linear nod ...
... Based on the hypothesis that the spiking activity of a single neuron is the key element of information processing within the brain, artificial neural networks have been introduced in order to simulate and understand larger neural structures. They essentially consist of a population of non-linear nod ...
Nervous System
... sensory signals are connected to nerves that connect to specific sensory organs. • “Cross-sensory” effects: a poke in the eye produces stimulates the optic nerve, producing visual effects. ...
... sensory signals are connected to nerves that connect to specific sensory organs. • “Cross-sensory” effects: a poke in the eye produces stimulates the optic nerve, producing visual effects. ...
General Neurophysiology
... Reduced the animal to a head and the floor of the thorax and the thoracic nerve cord Elecrodes on the stumps of the nerves that had innervated the ...
... Reduced the animal to a head and the floor of the thorax and the thoracic nerve cord Elecrodes on the stumps of the nerves that had innervated the ...
Biology 3.5 Responding to Stimuli
... Many Schwann cells wrap their fatty cell membranes around an axon, forming a myelin sheath. ...
... Many Schwann cells wrap their fatty cell membranes around an axon, forming a myelin sheath. ...
A plastic axonal hotspot
... mechanisms. Notably, the changes in the AIS are bidirectional and reversible — properties crucial for the proposed homeostatic role of such mechanisms. The two studies also open the door to exploring how AIS plasticity occurs in different types of neuron under various conditions that affect neural c ...
... mechanisms. Notably, the changes in the AIS are bidirectional and reversible — properties crucial for the proposed homeostatic role of such mechanisms. The two studies also open the door to exploring how AIS plasticity occurs in different types of neuron under various conditions that affect neural c ...
Chapter 4: The Cytology of Neurons
... its only one axon. Synaptic boutons: the knob-like terminals of the axons of presynaptic neurons. Trigger zone: axon hillock and initial segment (unmyelinated) of the axon where incoming signals from other neurons are integrated and the action potential is generated. Recurrent collateral branches: t ...
... its only one axon. Synaptic boutons: the knob-like terminals of the axons of presynaptic neurons. Trigger zone: axon hillock and initial segment (unmyelinated) of the axon where incoming signals from other neurons are integrated and the action potential is generated. Recurrent collateral branches: t ...
Chapter 48 and 49 Name_______________________________
... In spatial summation, EPSPs produced nearly simultaneously by different synapses on the same postsynaptic neuron add together The combination of EPSPs through spatial and temporal summation can trigger an action potential Through summation, an IPSP can counter the effect of an EPSP The summed effect ...
... In spatial summation, EPSPs produced nearly simultaneously by different synapses on the same postsynaptic neuron add together The combination of EPSPs through spatial and temporal summation can trigger an action potential Through summation, an IPSP can counter the effect of an EPSP The summed effect ...
File
... • The brain can generate new neurons throughout life (neurogenesis) • Learning can increase/decrease neurotransmission between specific neurons (long term potentiation) • It is assumed that as your behavior changes (in most cases because of environmental change), so does the underlying neural circui ...
... • The brain can generate new neurons throughout life (neurogenesis) • Learning can increase/decrease neurotransmission between specific neurons (long term potentiation) • It is assumed that as your behavior changes (in most cases because of environmental change), so does the underlying neural circui ...
REGULATION nervous system
... • Depolarization only occurs at the nodes of Ranvier • The impulse “jumps” from node to node • Saltatory conduction is faster and uses less energy (less active transport) ...
... • Depolarization only occurs at the nodes of Ranvier • The impulse “jumps” from node to node • Saltatory conduction is faster and uses less energy (less active transport) ...
Motor Systems II Loops and Tracts
... the extremities and face. Huntington’s disease results from the selective loss of striatal neurons in the indirect pathway. Thus, the balance between the direct and indirect pathways becomes tipped in favor of the direct pathway. Without their normal inhibitory inputs, thalamic neurons can fire rand ...
... the extremities and face. Huntington’s disease results from the selective loss of striatal neurons in the indirect pathway. Thus, the balance between the direct and indirect pathways becomes tipped in favor of the direct pathway. Without their normal inhibitory inputs, thalamic neurons can fire rand ...
Pituitary malfunctions
... 8. The somatosensory cortex is labeled on the diagram above. The somatosensory cortex on each side receives information about touch, joint position, pressure, pain, and temperature from the opposite side of the body. 9. Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas are labeled on the diagram above. Broca’s area is o ...
... 8. The somatosensory cortex is labeled on the diagram above. The somatosensory cortex on each side receives information about touch, joint position, pressure, pain, and temperature from the opposite side of the body. 9. Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas are labeled on the diagram above. Broca’s area is o ...
Chapter 6
... Channels sensory information pain, taste, temperature, audition, vision Integrates sensorimotor information From Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, and Cortex Regulates function of association cortex and cortically mediated speech, language, and cognitive functions. ...
... Channels sensory information pain, taste, temperature, audition, vision Integrates sensorimotor information From Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, and Cortex Regulates function of association cortex and cortically mediated speech, language, and cognitive functions. ...
Neurons and Nervous System
... Action potentials are sudden, large changes in membrane potential. Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are responsible for action potentials. If a cell body is depolarized, voltagegated Na+ channels open and Na+ rushes into the axon. The influx of positive ions causes more depolarization. ...
... Action potentials are sudden, large changes in membrane potential. Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are responsible for action potentials. If a cell body is depolarized, voltagegated Na+ channels open and Na+ rushes into the axon. The influx of positive ions causes more depolarization. ...
Secrets of the Teen Brain
... • Study of London cab drivers: found larger hippocampus: structure involved in memory. ...
... • Study of London cab drivers: found larger hippocampus: structure involved in memory. ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.