psycholanalytic theory
... solving problems. Thus, a child might strike another at school as a way of dealing with their frustrations. ...
... solving problems. Thus, a child might strike another at school as a way of dealing with their frustrations. ...
Chapter Outline
... b. Partial or intermittent schedules--reinforcement occurs only after a certain amount of time has passed or only after a certain number of responses have been made c. Superstitious behavior can be learned when behavior is coincidentally reinforced d. Reinforcement on an intermittent schedule makes ...
... b. Partial or intermittent schedules--reinforcement occurs only after a certain amount of time has passed or only after a certain number of responses have been made c. Superstitious behavior can be learned when behavior is coincidentally reinforced d. Reinforcement on an intermittent schedule makes ...
chapter 1: basic concepts of behavior and behavior management
... Classical conditioning refers to the relationship between various environmental stimuli and reflex responses. Classical conditioning was initially promoted by Pavlov, who demonstrated that he could condition a response (salivation) in a dog at the sound of a bell (conditioned stimulus). Today, our u ...
... Classical conditioning refers to the relationship between various environmental stimuli and reflex responses. Classical conditioning was initially promoted by Pavlov, who demonstrated that he could condition a response (salivation) in a dog at the sound of a bell (conditioned stimulus). Today, our u ...
Biological Influences on Learning
... readily to a moving object than a stationary object. Harlow (1971) studied this phenomenon in nonhuman primate surrogate, cloth mothers. Ainsworth (1982) has studied the effect of imprinting on human infants. Imprinting can still occur after sensitive development periods when sufficient experience i ...
... readily to a moving object than a stationary object. Harlow (1971) studied this phenomenon in nonhuman primate surrogate, cloth mothers. Ainsworth (1982) has studied the effect of imprinting on human infants. Imprinting can still occur after sensitive development periods when sufficient experience i ...
Ch 6 Test: Learning
... 13. If a student actually enjoys getting suspended, then this kind of aversive control is more properly termed: a. transfer b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. primary reinforcer 14. Bandura’s research indicates that we are more likely to imitate behavior of models that are: a. punished for ...
... 13. If a student actually enjoys getting suspended, then this kind of aversive control is more properly termed: a. transfer b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. primary reinforcer 14. Bandura’s research indicates that we are more likely to imitate behavior of models that are: a. punished for ...
Psych 101 Exam 2 Practice Exam In Pavlov`s original experiment
... 2. When a conditioned stimulus is presented without an accompanying unconditioned stimulus, _________ will soon take place. a. Generalization b. Discrimination c. Extinction d. Aversion 3. In which of the following may classical conditioning play a role? a. Emotional problems b. The body’s immune re ...
... 2. When a conditioned stimulus is presented without an accompanying unconditioned stimulus, _________ will soon take place. a. Generalization b. Discrimination c. Extinction d. Aversion 3. In which of the following may classical conditioning play a role? a. Emotional problems b. The body’s immune re ...
Behaviorism
... 3. Don’t get angry – keep the responsibility where it belongs. Effective: I’m sorry you’ve made the choice to loose part of your recess. Ineffective: How many times will I have to tell you to stop talking? 4. Don’t argue or debate 5. Accept feelings, then state the sad truth. I can see you’re upse ...
... 3. Don’t get angry – keep the responsibility where it belongs. Effective: I’m sorry you’ve made the choice to loose part of your recess. Ineffective: How many times will I have to tell you to stop talking? 4. Don’t argue or debate 5. Accept feelings, then state the sad truth. I can see you’re upse ...
Learning - Ms. Brown Apex High School
... in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior. Reinforcement – anything that STRENGTHENS behaviors Punishment – anything that DIMINISHES behavior ...
... in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior. Reinforcement – anything that STRENGTHENS behaviors Punishment – anything that DIMINISHES behavior ...
INTRODUCTION
... Abnormal behavior can be favorably influenced by therapeutic arrangements of an individuals interaction with his or her environment Principles of learning govern the maintenance of abnormal and normal behavior and thus can be utilized for ...
... Abnormal behavior can be favorably influenced by therapeutic arrangements of an individuals interaction with his or her environment Principles of learning govern the maintenance of abnormal and normal behavior and thus can be utilized for ...
theories1
... rewarded. In (B), conditioning begins. The operant behavior takes place by chance; it is immediately reinforced. It occurs again, by chance or deliberately, and the reinforcement is repeated. As the timeline in the figure shows, repetition becomes more and more frequent as the learner catches on. Ev ...
... rewarded. In (B), conditioning begins. The operant behavior takes place by chance; it is immediately reinforced. It occurs again, by chance or deliberately, and the reinforcement is repeated. As the timeline in the figure shows, repetition becomes more and more frequent as the learner catches on. Ev ...
Operant Conditioning
... unpleasant stimulus). Primary reinforcers, such as food when we are hungry, are innately satisfying. Conditioned (secondary) reinforcers, such as cash, are satisfying because we have learned to associate them with more basic rewards. Immediate reinforcers, such as the enjoyment of watching late-nigh ...
... unpleasant stimulus). Primary reinforcers, such as food when we are hungry, are innately satisfying. Conditioned (secondary) reinforcers, such as cash, are satisfying because we have learned to associate them with more basic rewards. Immediate reinforcers, such as the enjoyment of watching late-nigh ...
A.P. Psychology Modules 20-22
... behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely ...
... behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely ...
- W.W. Norton
... use of operant conditioning to eliminate unwanted behaviors and replace them with desirable behaviors. Biology and Cognition Influence Operant Conditioning. The brain has specialized centers that produce pleasure when stimulated. Behaviors that activate these centers are reinforced. Through conditio ...
... use of operant conditioning to eliminate unwanted behaviors and replace them with desirable behaviors. Biology and Cognition Influence Operant Conditioning. The brain has specialized centers that produce pleasure when stimulated. Behaviors that activate these centers are reinforced. Through conditio ...
Chapter 6 Notes
... • Extinction: Weakening of a conditioned response through removal of reinforcement • What is Spontaneous Recovery? ...
... • Extinction: Weakening of a conditioned response through removal of reinforcement • What is Spontaneous Recovery? ...
CHAPTER 6 LEARNING (Student Version)
... conditioning Ex To reverse the fear: Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life many of our emotions, positive and negative, are a result of classical conditioning most fears and phobias are also a result of classical conditioning Ex: taste aversion:when you become classically conditioned to dislike &/ ...
... conditioning Ex To reverse the fear: Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life many of our emotions, positive and negative, are a result of classical conditioning most fears and phobias are also a result of classical conditioning Ex: taste aversion:when you become classically conditioned to dislike &/ ...
Classical conditioning - rcook
... survival value. Slightly different stimuli are at time followed by vastly different consequences ...
... survival value. Slightly different stimuli are at time followed by vastly different consequences ...
Key Terms
... reinforced if it is better than a certain percentage of the last several responses the learner has made. positive reinforcement A behavior-strengthening procedure in which the occurrence of a behavior is followed by a desired stimulus, or reinforcer. primary reinforcer ...
... reinforced if it is better than a certain percentage of the last several responses the learner has made. positive reinforcement A behavior-strengthening procedure in which the occurrence of a behavior is followed by a desired stimulus, or reinforcer. primary reinforcer ...
Burrhus Frederic Skinner - Back
... generalized reinforcer, for it is associated with primary reinforcers like food, drink and mates. 2. Secondary reinforcer is similar to Allport’s (1961) idea of functional autonomy. First there is activity for reinforcement, but then the activity by itself becomes reinforcing, e.g., joined merchant ...
... generalized reinforcer, for it is associated with primary reinforcers like food, drink and mates. 2. Secondary reinforcer is similar to Allport’s (1961) idea of functional autonomy. First there is activity for reinforcement, but then the activity by itself becomes reinforcing, e.g., joined merchant ...
Laws of association
... – Law of contiguity- when we think of an object there is a tendency to think of other things that were experienced at the same time or place – Law of cause and effect- When we think of an outcome we tend to think of the events that proceed them as causes ...
... – Law of contiguity- when we think of an object there is a tendency to think of other things that were experienced at the same time or place – Law of cause and effect- When we think of an outcome we tend to think of the events that proceed them as causes ...
Lesson 1: Attributes of Learning and Classical Conditioning
... A. Insight learning, described by Wolfgang Kohler in The Mentality of Apes, is the sudden awareness of the solution of a problem. For example, the chimp Sultan seemed to suddenly grasp the need to use a short stick to reach a longer stick which in turn could be used to reach some fruit. B. Latent le ...
... A. Insight learning, described by Wolfgang Kohler in The Mentality of Apes, is the sudden awareness of the solution of a problem. For example, the chimp Sultan seemed to suddenly grasp the need to use a short stick to reach a longer stick which in turn could be used to reach some fruit. B. Latent le ...
Verbal Behavior
Verbal Behavior is a 1957 book by psychologist B. F. Skinner that inspects human behavior, describing what is traditionally called linguistics. The book Verbal Behavior is almost entirely theoretical, involving little experimental research in the work itself. It was an outgrowth of a series of lectures first presented at the University of Minnesota in the early 1940s and developed further in his summer lectures at Columbia and William James lectures at Harvard in the decade before the book's publication. A growing body of research and applications based on Verbal Behavior has occurred since its original publication, particularly in the past decade.In addition, a growing body of research has developed on structural topics in verbal behavior such as grammar.