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... When the mother returns after the brief separation, the infants are happy to see her These mother-child pairs are usually have harmonious relations at home as well ...
... When the mother returns after the brief separation, the infants are happy to see her These mother-child pairs are usually have harmonious relations at home as well ...
Neural Mechanisms of Bias and Sensitivity in Hiroshi Nishida Muneyoshi Takahashi
... form a picture of these processes. The review focuses on two important animal models - monkeys and rats that afford scientific investigation at a level of detail that, for ethical reasons, cannot be achieved in humans. These animal models of decision making are the focus of translational research, aim ...
... form a picture of these processes. The review focuses on two important animal models - monkeys and rats that afford scientific investigation at a level of detail that, for ethical reasons, cannot be achieved in humans. These animal models of decision making are the focus of translational research, aim ...
Fast Propagation of Firing Rates through Layered Networks of Noisy
... The nature of the neural code the nervous system uses for computing and representing information remains controversial. A widely held view is that stimulus features are coded in the mean firing rates of neurons, referred to as rate coding (Adrian, 1928; Stein, 1967; Barlow, 1972). Rate coding is bas ...
... The nature of the neural code the nervous system uses for computing and representing information remains controversial. A widely held view is that stimulus features are coded in the mean firing rates of neurons, referred to as rate coding (Adrian, 1928; Stein, 1967; Barlow, 1972). Rate coding is bas ...
Chapter 6 - RaduegePsychology
... Laws of Effect (E.L. Thorndike): Positive Law of Effect: If a behavior is followed by a satisfying state of affairs, the likelihood of the behavior occurring again increases. Negative Law of Effect: If a behavior is followed by an unpleasant state of affairs, the likelihood of the behavior occur ...
... Laws of Effect (E.L. Thorndike): Positive Law of Effect: If a behavior is followed by a satisfying state of affairs, the likelihood of the behavior occurring again increases. Negative Law of Effect: If a behavior is followed by an unpleasant state of affairs, the likelihood of the behavior occur ...
Learning - WW Norton & Company
... 1. Present unconditioned stimulus: evokes unlearned response 2. Present neutral stimulus: no response 3. Pair stimuli from Steps 1 and 2: learned response (conditioning trials) 4. Neutral stimulus alone will trigger learned response (critical trials) ...
... 1. Present unconditioned stimulus: evokes unlearned response 2. Present neutral stimulus: no response 3. Pair stimuli from Steps 1 and 2: learned response (conditioning trials) 4. Neutral stimulus alone will trigger learned response (critical trials) ...
Classical Conditioning
... of the same stimulus. Young infants, for example, may initially show interest in a novel stimulus, such as a brightly colored toy, but they will soon lose interest if they see the same toy over and over. Habituation permits us to ignore things that have stopped providing new information. Adults exhi ...
... of the same stimulus. Young infants, for example, may initially show interest in a novel stimulus, such as a brightly colored toy, but they will soon lose interest if they see the same toy over and over. Habituation permits us to ignore things that have stopped providing new information. Adults exhi ...
learning, Memory, and Cognition: Animal Perspectives
... typy are two close strategies and are not related to any great differences between the neural systems involved. It will be interesting to search for structures in the brain that differ in these two species and may be related to these two strategies. A particularly close connection between innate and ...
... typy are two close strategies and are not related to any great differences between the neural systems involved. It will be interesting to search for structures in the brain that differ in these two species and may be related to these two strategies. A particularly close connection between innate and ...
Learning - Net Texts
... cognitive layers to all the basic associative processes, both conscious and unconscious. These learning processes will be discussed in detail later in the chapter, but it is helpful to have a brief overview of each as you begin to explore how learning is understood from a psychological perspective. ...
... cognitive layers to all the basic associative processes, both conscious and unconscious. These learning processes will be discussed in detail later in the chapter, but it is helpful to have a brief overview of each as you begin to explore how learning is understood from a psychological perspective. ...
as a PDF
... disadvantages of the vernacular it introduces a new clumsiness of its own, the ambivalence that results from two-word terms where the two words are controlled by variables that are in some sense opposite or incompatible with one another. "Reinforce" is synonymous with "strengthen" in a number of usa ...
... disadvantages of the vernacular it introduces a new clumsiness of its own, the ambivalence that results from two-word terms where the two words are controlled by variables that are in some sense opposite or incompatible with one another. "Reinforce" is synonymous with "strengthen" in a number of usa ...
SV3 Learning Nov 22 2009
... together, the stronger the link/association between them Intensity: the stronger the intensity of feelings/effects produced by events, the stronger the association between the ...
... together, the stronger the link/association between them Intensity: the stronger the intensity of feelings/effects produced by events, the stronger the association between the ...
AP Ch. 5 Operant
... stimuli in the future. – If the consequence is some form of punishment, we are less likely to repeat the operant when we encounter the same or similar discriminative stimuli in the future. ...
... stimuli in the future. – If the consequence is some form of punishment, we are less likely to repeat the operant when we encounter the same or similar discriminative stimuli in the future. ...
SV4 Learning Nov 22 2009
... electrified will quickly learn to escape to the other side By contrast, a rat living in a cage where both side have been electrified for a period of time will not try to escape later on when only one side is electrified … the rat has learned to be helpless ...
... electrified will quickly learn to escape to the other side By contrast, a rat living in a cage where both side have been electrified for a period of time will not try to escape later on when only one side is electrified … the rat has learned to be helpless ...
Sensory receptors in the anterior uvea of the cat`s eye. An in
... throughout the scale range, whereas phasic fibers rapidly adapting (phasic) units that responded to intended to accumulate at high threshold values. The dentation pulses with a single spike or a short burst threshold distributions of both groups were signifilasting less than 500 msec and slowly adap ...
... throughout the scale range, whereas phasic fibers rapidly adapting (phasic) units that responded to intended to accumulate at high threshold values. The dentation pulses with a single spike or a short burst threshold distributions of both groups were signifilasting less than 500 msec and slowly adap ...
Hemispheric Asymmetry in Visual Perception Arises from Differential Encoding
... provide the most useful information for the task is decided, Ivry and Robertson's model does not fully explain why there is little evidence suggesting the existence of hemispheric specialization for particular frequency ranges (e.g., Fendrich & Gazzaniga, 1990). Ivry & Robertson (1998) argued that i ...
... provide the most useful information for the task is decided, Ivry and Robertson's model does not fully explain why there is little evidence suggesting the existence of hemispheric specialization for particular frequency ranges (e.g., Fendrich & Gazzaniga, 1990). Ivry & Robertson (1998) argued that i ...
Whisker sensory system – From receptor to decision
... furniture, yet they did not recognize by vision previously familiar objects. By the late 20th century, behavioral methods had become more precise and quantitative. We take the ideas expressed by Whitfield (1979) as a conceptual framework. After analyzing the behavioral effects of lesions in the audit ...
... furniture, yet they did not recognize by vision previously familiar objects. By the late 20th century, behavioral methods had become more precise and quantitative. We take the ideas expressed by Whitfield (1979) as a conceptual framework. After analyzing the behavioral effects of lesions in the audit ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... stimulus was flanked by incompatible noise, both responses were initially activated, with the incompatible response eventually dropping out and the compatible one being left to be executed, with a delay. As far as we know, few studies have addressed the question of sensorimotor association at the si ...
... stimulus was flanked by incompatible noise, both responses were initially activated, with the incompatible response eventually dropping out and the compatible one being left to be executed, with a delay. As far as we know, few studies have addressed the question of sensorimotor association at the si ...
Properties of ventromedial hypothalamic neurons with axons
... Stimulation and Recording Procedures The VMN was systematically explored while biphasic pulses to the CG were applied at 0.5 Hz. For the reduction of stimulus artifact, each negative rectangular pulse (0.2 ms duration) was followed by a positive pulse of 0.1 ms duration. By adjusting the intensity o ...
... Stimulation and Recording Procedures The VMN was systematically explored while biphasic pulses to the CG were applied at 0.5 Hz. For the reduction of stimulus artifact, each negative rectangular pulse (0.2 ms duration) was followed by a positive pulse of 0.1 ms duration. By adjusting the intensity o ...
Attitudes and Evaluation 1 Attitudes and Evaluation
... Recent evidence suggests that chronic differences in tuning for valenced information (positivity vs. negativity bias) as well as situational variables may direct attention and the perception of emotional intensity. We (Cunningham, Raye, & Johnson, in press) presented participants with positively and ...
... Recent evidence suggests that chronic differences in tuning for valenced information (positivity vs. negativity bias) as well as situational variables may direct attention and the perception of emotional intensity. We (Cunningham, Raye, & Johnson, in press) presented participants with positively and ...
PSYC 2301 Chapter 5
... Classical Conditioning: Part 4 A typical Pavlovian experiment using the tone of a bell and meat powder went something like this: A dog was placed alone in a soundproofed room and outfitted with equipment designed to keep it from moving around. On numerous occasions during an experimental trial, Pav ...
... Classical Conditioning: Part 4 A typical Pavlovian experiment using the tone of a bell and meat powder went something like this: A dog was placed alone in a soundproofed room and outfitted with equipment designed to keep it from moving around. On numerous occasions during an experimental trial, Pav ...
Learning Unit VI
... recovery, generalization, and discrimination • Classical conditioning involves an association of two stimuli we do not control, and we respond automatically(respondent behaviors) • Operant conditioning we associate our own behaviors that act on our environment to produce rewarding or punishing stimu ...
... recovery, generalization, and discrimination • Classical conditioning involves an association of two stimuli we do not control, and we respond automatically(respondent behaviors) • Operant conditioning we associate our own behaviors that act on our environment to produce rewarding or punishing stimu ...
Saccade performance in the nasal and temporal
... of the right eye and the lateral rectus of the left eye. It is assumed that the OPNs synchronize the activity of the IBNs and EBNs before the saccade starts and it is important for the velocity of the of the saccade that the lateral and medial rectus of the left and right eyes, respectively, are in ...
... of the right eye and the lateral rectus of the left eye. It is assumed that the OPNs synchronize the activity of the IBNs and EBNs before the saccade starts and it is important for the velocity of the of the saccade that the lateral and medial rectus of the left and right eyes, respectively, are in ...
Part IV- Single neuron computation
... Two stimuli arrive with a time difference. Will they be united to a bigger stimulation or be separated? Dependent on t As t increase, stimuli are less separable Very brief: low firing rate, coincident detection Prolonged: higher rate, lower sensitivity ...
... Two stimuli arrive with a time difference. Will they be united to a bigger stimulation or be separated? Dependent on t As t increase, stimuli are less separable Very brief: low firing rate, coincident detection Prolonged: higher rate, lower sensitivity ...
Learning file RG 2
... Latent Learning: learning that occurs, but is not apparent, until there is an incentive to demonstrate it Overjustification Effect: the effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do. The person may now see the reward, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation performing ...
... Latent Learning: learning that occurs, but is not apparent, until there is an incentive to demonstrate it Overjustification Effect: the effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do. The person may now see the reward, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation performing ...
from ups
... of measuring the threshold for a given neuronal response as a function of the depth of the stimulating electrode in the structure in which the activated neuronal elements are located. As far as neocortex is concerned, such relationships are known only for the motor cortex ŽStoney et al., 1968; Asanu ...
... of measuring the threshold for a given neuronal response as a function of the depth of the stimulating electrode in the structure in which the activated neuronal elements are located. As far as neocortex is concerned, such relationships are known only for the motor cortex ŽStoney et al., 1968; Asanu ...