Arctigenin Efficiently Enhanced Sedentary Mice Treadmill
... 29]. Since AMPK activation by actual exercise or pharmacological treatment could lead to up-regulation of PGC-1a gene expression [30,31], we investigated the potential effects of arctigenin on PGC1a mRNA level in both H9C2 and C2C12 cells. Compared with DMSO-treated group, arctigenin incubation coul ...
... 29]. Since AMPK activation by actual exercise or pharmacological treatment could lead to up-regulation of PGC-1a gene expression [30,31], we investigated the potential effects of arctigenin on PGC1a mRNA level in both H9C2 and C2C12 cells. Compared with DMSO-treated group, arctigenin incubation coul ...
Induced-fit of the peptidyl-transferase center of the
... Rychlík et al. 1969; Rychlík et al. 1970) (Fig. 1). This activity is furthermore affected by the nature of the P-site donor. The most efficient (A-Phe) and the least active (A-Gly, A-(D)Phe) acceptors are however the same in all three donor configurations tested in (Rychlík et al. 1970). Because the ...
... Rychlík et al. 1969; Rychlík et al. 1970) (Fig. 1). This activity is furthermore affected by the nature of the P-site donor. The most efficient (A-Phe) and the least active (A-Gly, A-(D)Phe) acceptors are however the same in all three donor configurations tested in (Rychlík et al. 1970). Because the ...
Guidelines for interpretation of 16S rRNA gene sequence
... interpretation of their large sequence dataset. On the other hand, Janda and Abbott suggested that a minimum of .99 %, and ideally .99.5 %, sequence similarity be used for species identification in their recommended guidelines (Janda & Abbott, 2007). Although different studies have identified groups ...
... interpretation of their large sequence dataset. On the other hand, Janda and Abbott suggested that a minimum of .99 %, and ideally .99.5 %, sequence similarity be used for species identification in their recommended guidelines (Janda & Abbott, 2007). Although different studies have identified groups ...
mammalian hibernation: biochemical adaptation
... of ATP production needed to support their shivering is supplied by aerobic sugar oxidation in muscle using the massive stores of honey that the colony laid down from summer foraging. Hence, honeybees use a social solution to winter warmth. Another futile form of ATP turnover that supports thermogene ...
... of ATP production needed to support their shivering is supplied by aerobic sugar oxidation in muscle using the massive stores of honey that the colony laid down from summer foraging. Hence, honeybees use a social solution to winter warmth. Another futile form of ATP turnover that supports thermogene ...
Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting Generates a Copper
... different growth conditions (Balakrishnan et al., 2014; Elgamal et al., 2014; Guo et al., 2014; Kannan et al., 2014; Li et al., 2014; Mohammad et al., 2016; Oh et al., 2011). This unique pattern of distribution of ribosome progression along the gene suggested that expression of copA might be a subje ...
... different growth conditions (Balakrishnan et al., 2014; Elgamal et al., 2014; Guo et al., 2014; Kannan et al., 2014; Li et al., 2014; Mohammad et al., 2016; Oh et al., 2011). This unique pattern of distribution of ribosome progression along the gene suggested that expression of copA might be a subje ...
WHITE PANICLE1, a Val-tRNA Synthetase
... mutants, although mRNA levels of some genes were higher in wp1 than in wild type. We found that wp1 was impaired in chloroplast ribosome biogenesis. Taken together, our results show that OsValRS2 plays an essential role in chloroplast development and regulating chloroplast ribosome biogenesis. ...
... mutants, although mRNA levels of some genes were higher in wp1 than in wild type. We found that wp1 was impaired in chloroplast ribosome biogenesis. Taken together, our results show that OsValRS2 plays an essential role in chloroplast development and regulating chloroplast ribosome biogenesis. ...
VegT activates Bix4 to specify endodermal
... Bix4-LUC construct expressed reporter genes in both mesoderm and endoderm, in a pattern resembling that of endogenous Bix4 (Fig. 3B; Table 1). Interestingly, vegetal expression of the Bix4-GFP construct was higher than that of Bix4-LUC. This may reflect a difference in RNA stability or in the abilit ...
... Bix4-LUC construct expressed reporter genes in both mesoderm and endoderm, in a pattern resembling that of endogenous Bix4 (Fig. 3B; Table 1). Interestingly, vegetal expression of the Bix4-GFP construct was higher than that of Bix4-LUC. This may reflect a difference in RNA stability or in the abilit ...
Nomenclature of Nucleotides and Nucleosides
... incorporated into RNA, where it may have some inhibitory effect on transcription. 2. F-UMP can be phosphorylated to the nucleoside diphosphate. In this form, it is reduced to the deoxyribonucleotide. a. F-dUMP. The reduced nucleoside diphosphate is dephosphorylated to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine 5'-monopho ...
... incorporated into RNA, where it may have some inhibitory effect on transcription. 2. F-UMP can be phosphorylated to the nucleoside diphosphate. In this form, it is reduced to the deoxyribonucleotide. a. F-dUMP. The reduced nucleoside diphosphate is dephosphorylated to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine 5'-monopho ...
1 Chapter 1 Chemistry On The Pyrimidine Ring
... The oxidation of dihydroorotate to form orotate is catalyzed by the flavoprotein dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD). There are three classes of DHODs. Class 1A DHODs are cytosolic homodimeric proteins that contain FMN and use fumarate as their oxidizing substrate (11). Class 1B enzymes are heterot ...
... The oxidation of dihydroorotate to form orotate is catalyzed by the flavoprotein dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD). There are three classes of DHODs. Class 1A DHODs are cytosolic homodimeric proteins that contain FMN and use fumarate as their oxidizing substrate (11). Class 1B enzymes are heterot ...
PHANTASTICA Regulates Development of the Adaxial Mesophyll in
... is shown in Figure 1 with identical residues shaded. All have a highly conserved MYB DNA binding domain at the N terminus, consisting of two imperfect repeats (55 and 51 residues), both of which are essential for sequence-specific DNA binding based on structural analysis of c-MYB (Jin and Martin, 19 ...
... is shown in Figure 1 with identical residues shaded. All have a highly conserved MYB DNA binding domain at the N terminus, consisting of two imperfect repeats (55 and 51 residues), both of which are essential for sequence-specific DNA binding based on structural analysis of c-MYB (Jin and Martin, 19 ...
Multistep process of FUS aggregation in the cell cytoplasm involves
... In contrast, FUS-Npl3 chimeric protein was found only in soluble fraction (Fig. 3D) and its distribution was exclusively diffuse regardless of expression levels (Fig. 3B and C). Therefore, even formation of FGs, the process initiating FUS aggregation in the cytoplasm, requires both the prion-like ac ...
... In contrast, FUS-Npl3 chimeric protein was found only in soluble fraction (Fig. 3D) and its distribution was exclusively diffuse regardless of expression levels (Fig. 3B and C). Therefore, even formation of FGs, the process initiating FUS aggregation in the cytoplasm, requires both the prion-like ac ...
Cloning and Expression of Bovine Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter SGLT2* J. Dairy Sci. 88:2738–2748
... bSGLT2 (Figure 1). However, it is unclear whether these sites are actually glycosylated, because the in vitro translated product of bSGLT2 showed only a very minor shift in apparent molecular weight after addition of canine microsomal membranes to the reaction (see below). In addition, numerous prot ...
... bSGLT2 (Figure 1). However, it is unclear whether these sites are actually glycosylated, because the in vitro translated product of bSGLT2 showed only a very minor shift in apparent molecular weight after addition of canine microsomal membranes to the reaction (see below). In addition, numerous prot ...
Genetic Codes with No Dedicated Stop Codon: Context
... While the genetic code is classically taught as being unambiguous, and indeed may largely be so, we now know this is an oversimplification. Since the original discovery of the standard genetic code, alternative translational interpretations of codons have been found, most notably in the use of the U ...
... While the genetic code is classically taught as being unambiguous, and indeed may largely be so, we now know this is an oversimplification. Since the original discovery of the standard genetic code, alternative translational interpretations of codons have been found, most notably in the use of the U ...
5-1 Necleotide Metabolism (purine)
... 1. Negative regulation of PRPP Synthatase & PRPP Amidotransferase is lost 2. PRPP levels are increased because of defects in salvage pathways Therefore, there is net increase in biosynthetic/degradation pathways!! ...
... 1. Negative regulation of PRPP Synthatase & PRPP Amidotransferase is lost 2. PRPP levels are increased because of defects in salvage pathways Therefore, there is net increase in biosynthetic/degradation pathways!! ...
A method for measuring the non-random bias of a codon usage table
... to the abundances of tRNA's and to the strengths of interaction between codon and anticodon. ...
... to the abundances of tRNA's and to the strengths of interaction between codon and anticodon. ...
Temperature-Sensitive Mutations Made Easy: Generating
... S16 and S22 enabled their host yeast to grow at 30°, and thus were discarded. Forty-two alleles were eliminated at this step because of leaky splicing at 30°. Step 5: To eliminate duplicate TS alleles. The remaining 49 alleles were sequenced, and 40 unique alleles were identified (Figure S2). No obv ...
... S16 and S22 enabled their host yeast to grow at 30°, and thus were discarded. Forty-two alleles were eliminated at this step because of leaky splicing at 30°. Step 5: To eliminate duplicate TS alleles. The remaining 49 alleles were sequenced, and 40 unique alleles were identified (Figure S2). No obv ...
WS Procs 975 x 65
... representation to the Dependency Pattern Sets (DPS) representation. DPS representation is a generalized model of string representation, which can model adjacent nucleotide dependency. Although it has a lower descriptive power than SPSP representation, experimental results on real biological data sho ...
... representation to the Dependency Pattern Sets (DPS) representation. DPS representation is a generalized model of string representation, which can model adjacent nucleotide dependency. Although it has a lower descriptive power than SPSP representation, experimental results on real biological data sho ...
Chylomicron Remnants and Nonesterified Fatty Involved in Lipogenesis in Rats
... content of the prepared chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants was determined by GC (Table 1). Minimal composition changes were detected by conversion of the chylomicrons to the chylomicron remnants. Chylomicron remnants derived from rats receiving safflower oil (PUFA-enriched remnants) contained 57. ...
... content of the prepared chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants was determined by GC (Table 1). Minimal composition changes were detected by conversion of the chylomicrons to the chylomicron remnants. Chylomicron remnants derived from rats receiving safflower oil (PUFA-enriched remnants) contained 57. ...
View our poster (1.1 MB PDF)
... Figure 1. RNA interference (RNAi) is a highly evolutionarily conserved mechanism of gene regulation. RNAi occurs at the post-transcriptional level and is triggered by short double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), known as short interfering RNA (siRNA), which is endogenously processed from long dsRNA by the RNa ...
... Figure 1. RNA interference (RNAi) is a highly evolutionarily conserved mechanism of gene regulation. RNAi occurs at the post-transcriptional level and is triggered by short double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), known as short interfering RNA (siRNA), which is endogenously processed from long dsRNA by the RNa ...
operon
... Attenuation is fairly common • Although attenuation was once considered to be an unusual type of regulation, it is relatively common • This is especially true for operons involved in amino acid biosynthesis • In some operons, attenuation complements regulation via the operator; in others it is the ...
... Attenuation is fairly common • Although attenuation was once considered to be an unusual type of regulation, it is relatively common • This is especially true for operons involved in amino acid biosynthesis • In some operons, attenuation complements regulation via the operator; in others it is the ...
Protein splicing of PRP8 mini-inteins from species of the genus
... expansum, and P. vulpinum are functional, we tested their protein-splicing activity in E. coli cells. Plasmid-borne fusion genes were constructed to produce proteins in which the Penicillium inteins (plus their 5-aa native N-extein sequences and 4-aa native C-extein sequence) were fused to an N-term ...
... expansum, and P. vulpinum are functional, we tested their protein-splicing activity in E. coli cells. Plasmid-borne fusion genes were constructed to produce proteins in which the Penicillium inteins (plus their 5-aa native N-extein sequences and 4-aa native C-extein sequence) were fused to an N-term ...
Anaerobic glycolysis
... • Generates 2 molecules of ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) and 2 NADH • Pyruvate can enter mitochondria for complete oxidation to CO2 in TCA + electron transport chain • Anaerobic glycolysis reduces pyruvate to lactate, and recycles (wastes) NADH -> NAD+ • Key enzymes of glycolysis are regulat ...
... • Generates 2 molecules of ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) and 2 NADH • Pyruvate can enter mitochondria for complete oxidation to CO2 in TCA + electron transport chain • Anaerobic glycolysis reduces pyruvate to lactate, and recycles (wastes) NADH -> NAD+ • Key enzymes of glycolysis are regulat ...
Nucleosides, Nucleotides,Nucleic Acids
... The DNA Duplex Watson and Crick proposed a double-stranded structure for DNA in which a purine or pyrimidine base in one chain is hydrogen bonded to its complement in the other. •Gives proper Chargaff ratios (A=T and G=C) •Because each pair contains one purine and one pyrimidine, the A---T and G--- ...
... The DNA Duplex Watson and Crick proposed a double-stranded structure for DNA in which a purine or pyrimidine base in one chain is hydrogen bonded to its complement in the other. •Gives proper Chargaff ratios (A=T and G=C) •Because each pair contains one purine and one pyrimidine, the A---T and G--- ...
Ch. 22 Glycolysis • Explain how glucose is universal fuel, oxidized in
... • Enzymes are in cytosol • Generates 2 molecules of ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) and 2 NADH • Pyruvate can enter mitochondria for complete oxidation to CO2 in TCA + electron transport chain • Anaerobic glycolysis reduces pyruvate to lactate, and recycles (wastes) NADH -> NAD+ ...
... • Enzymes are in cytosol • Generates 2 molecules of ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) and 2 NADH • Pyruvate can enter mitochondria for complete oxidation to CO2 in TCA + electron transport chain • Anaerobic glycolysis reduces pyruvate to lactate, and recycles (wastes) NADH -> NAD+ ...